aifc, sunau: make rate an int; os: restruct; ospath: obsolete; rfc822:

date and addr parsing; string: force result of atof to float and
support atoi, atol, atof in strop; tzparcs: don't call test().

Lib/dospath.py

+# Module 'dospath' -- common operations on DOS pathnames
+
+import os
+import stat
+import string
+
+
+# Normalize the case of a pathname.
+# On MS-DOS it maps the pathname to lowercase, turns slashes into
+# backslashes and maps invalid consecutive characters to a single '_'.
+# Other normalizations (such as optimizing '../' away) are not allowed
+# (this is done by normpath).
+
+mapchar = '_'
+
+def normcase(s):
+	res, s = splitdrive(s)
+	for c in s:
+		if c in '/\\':
+			res = res + os.sep
+		elif c == '.' and res[-1:] == os.sep:
+			res = res + mapchar + c
+		elif ord(c) < 32 or c in ' "*+,:;<=>?[]|':
+			if res[-1:] != mapchar:
+				res = res + mapchar
+		else:
+			res = res + c
+	return string.lower(res)
+
+
+# Return wheter a path is absolute.
+# Trivial in Posix, harder on the Mac or MS-DOS.
+# For DOS it is absolute if it starts with a slash or backslash (current
+# volume), or if a pathname after the volume letter and colon starts with
+# a slash or backslash.
+
+def isabs(s):
+	s = splitdrive(s)[1]
+	return s != '' and s[:1] in '/\\'
+
+
+# Join two pathnames.
+# Ignore the first part if the second part is absolute.
+# Insert a '/' unless the first part is empty or already ends in '/'.
+
+def join(a, b):
+	if isabs(b): return b
+	if a == '' or a[-1:] in '/\\': return a + b
+	# Note: join('x', '') returns 'x/'; is this what we want?
+	return a + os.sep + b
+
+
+# Split a path in a drive specification (a drive letter followed by a
+# colon) and the path specification.
+# It is always true that drivespec + pathspec == p
+def splitdrive(p):
+	if p[1:2] == ':':
+		return p[0:2], p[2:]
+	return '', p
+
+
+# Split a path in head (everything up to the last '/') and tail (the
+# rest).  If the original path ends in '/' but is not the root, this
+# '/' is stripped.  After the trailing '/' is stripped, the invariant
+# join(head, tail) == p holds.
+# The resulting head won't end in '/' unless it is the root.
+
+def split(p):
+	d, p = splitdrive(p)
+	slashes = ''
+	while p and p[-1:] in '/\\':
+		slashes = slashes + p[-1]
+		p = p[:-1]
+	if p == '':
+		p = p + slashes
+	head, tail = '', ''
+	for c in p:
+		tail = tail + c
+		if c in '/\\':
+			head, tail = head + tail, ''
+	slashes = ''
+	while head and head[-1:] in '/\\':
+		slashes = slashes + head[-1]
+		head = head[:-1]
+	if head == '':
+		head = head + slashes
+	return d + head, tail
+
+
+# Split a path in root and extension.
+# The extension is everything starting at the first dot in the last
+# pathname component; the root is everything before that.
+# It is always true that root + ext == p.
+
+def splitext(p):
+	root, ext = '', ''
+	for c in p:
+		if c in '/\\':
+			root, ext = root + ext + c, ''
+		elif c == '.' or ext:
+			ext = ext + c
+		else:
+			root = root + c
+	return root, ext
+
+
+# Return the tail (basename) part of a path.
+
+def basename(p):
+	return split(p)[1]
+
+
+# Return the head (dirname) part of a path.
+
+def dirname(p):
+	return split(p)[0]
+
+
+# Return the longest prefix of all list elements.
+
+def commonprefix(m):
+	if not m: return ''
+	prefix = m[0]
+	for item in m:
+		for i in range(len(prefix)):
+			if prefix[:i+1] <> item[:i+1]:
+				prefix = prefix[:i]
+				if i == 0: return ''
+				break
+	return prefix
+
+
+# Is a path a symbolic link?
+# This will always return false on systems where posix.lstat doesn't exist.
+
+def islink(path):
+	return false
+
+
+# Does a path exist?
+# This is false for dangling symbolic links.
+
+def exists(path):
+	try:
+		st = os.stat(path)
+	except os.error:
+		return 0
+	return 1
+
+
+# Is a path a dos directory?
+# This follows symbolic links, so both islink() and isdir() can be true
+# for the same path.
+
+def isdir(path):
+	try:
+		st = os.stat(path)
+	except os.error:
+		return 0
+	return stat.S_ISDIR(st[stat.ST_MODE])
+
+
+# Is a path a regular file?
+# This follows symbolic links, so both islink() and isdir() can be true
+# for the same path.
+
+def isfile(path):
+	try:
+		st = os.stat(path)
+	except os.error:
+		return 0
+	return stat.S_ISREG(st[stat.ST_MODE])
+
+
+# Are two filenames really pointing to the same file?
+
+def samefile(f1, f2):
+	s1 = os.stat(f1)
+	s2 = os.stat(f2)
+	return samestat(s1, s2)
+
+
+# Are two open files really referencing the same file?
+# (Not necessarily the same file descriptor!)
+# XXX THIS IS BROKEN UNDER DOS! ST_INO seems to indicate number of reads?
+
+def sameopenfile(fp1, fp2):
+	s1 = os.fstat(fp1.fileno())
+	s2 = os.fstat(fp2.fileno())
+	return samestat(s1, s2)
+
+
+# Are two stat buffers (obtained from stat, fstat or lstat)
+# describing the same file?
+
+def samestat(s1, s2):
+	return s1[stat.ST_INO] == s2[stat.ST_INO] and \
+		s1[stat.ST_DEV] == s2[stat.ST_DEV]
+
+
+# Is a path a mount point?
+# XXX This degenerates in: 'is this the root?' on DOS
+
+def ismount(path):
+	return isabs(splitdrive(path)[1])
+
+
+# Directory tree walk.
+# For each directory under top (including top itself, but excluding
+# '.' and '..'), func(arg, dirname, filenames) is called, where
+# dirname is the name of the directory and filenames is the list
+# files files (and subdirectories etc.) in the directory.
+# The func may modify the filenames list, to implement a filter,
+# or to impose a different order of visiting.
+
+def walk(top, func, arg):
+	try:
+		names = os.listdir(top)
+	except os.error:
+		return
+	func(arg, top, names)
+	exceptions = ('.', '..')
+	for name in names:
+		if name not in exceptions:
+			name = join(top, name)
+			if isdir(name):
+				walk(name, func, arg)
+
+
+# Expand paths beginning with '~' or '~user'.
+# '~' means $HOME; '~user' means that user's home directory.
+# If the path doesn't begin with '~', or if the user or $HOME is unknown,
+# the path is returned unchanged (leaving error reporting to whatever
+# function is called with the expanded path as argument).
+# See also module 'glob' for expansion of *, ? and [...] in pathnames.
+# (A function should also be defined to do full *sh-style environment
+# variable expansion.)
+
+def expanduser(path):
+	if path[:1] <> '~':
+		return path
+	i, n = 1, len(path)
+	while i < n and path[i] not in '/\\':
+		i = i+1
+	if i == 1:
+		if not os.environ.has_key('HOME'):
+			return path
+		userhome = os.environ['HOME']
+	else:
+		return path
+	return userhome + path[i:]
+
+
+# Expand paths containing shell variable substitutions.
+# The following rules apply:
+#	- no expansion within single quotes
+#	- no escape character, except for '$$' which is translated into '$'
+#	- ${varname} is accepted.
+#	- varnames can be made out of letters, digits and the character '_'
+# XXX With COMMAND.COM you can use any characters in a variable name,
+# XXX except '^|<>='.
+
+varchars = string.letters + string.digits + '_-'
+
+def expandvars(path):
+	if '$' not in path:
+		return path
+	res = ''
+	index = 0
+	pathlen = len(path)
+	while index < pathlen:
+		c = path[index]
+		if c == '\'':	# no expansion within single quotes
+			path = path[index + 1:]
+			pathlen = len(path)
+			try:
+				index = string.index(path, '\'')
+				res = res + '\'' + path[:index + 1]
+			except string.index_error:
+				res = res + path
+				index = pathlen -1
+		elif c == '$':	# variable or '$$'
+			if path[index + 1:index + 2] == '$':
+				res = res + c
+				index = index + 1
+			elif path[index + 1:index + 2] == '{':
+				path = path[index+2:]
+				pathlen = len(path)
+				try:
+					index = string.index(path, '}')
+					var = path[:index]
+					if os.environ.has_key(var):
+						res = res + os.environ[var]
+				except string.index_error:
+					res = res + path
+					index = pathlen - 1
+			else:
+				var = ''
+				index = index + 1
+				c = path[index:index + 1]
+				while c != '' and c in varchars:
+					var = var + c
+					index = index + 1
+					c = path[index:index + 1]
+				if os.environ.has_key(var):
+					res = res + os.environ[var]
+				if c != '':
+					res = res + c
+		else:
+			res = res + c
+		index = index + 1
+	return res
+
+
+# Normalize a path, e.g. A//B, A/./B and A/foo/../B all become A/B.
+# Also, components of the path are silently truncated to 8+3 notation.
+
+def normpath(path):
+	path = normcase(path)
+	prefix, path = splitdrive(path)
+	while path[:1] == os.sep:
+		prefix = prefix + os.sep
+		path = path[1:]
+	comps = string.splitfields(path, os.sep)
+	i = 0
+	while i < len(comps):
+		if comps[i] == '.':
+			del comps[i]
+		elif comps[i] == '..' and i > 0 and \
+					  comps[i-1] not in ('', '..'):
+			del comps[i-1:i+1]
+			i = i-1
+		elif comps[i] == '' and i > 0 and comps[i-1] <> '':
+			del comps[i]
+		elif '.' in comps[i]:
+			comp = string.splitfields(comps[i], '.')
+			comps[i] = comp[0][:8] + '.' + comp[1][:3]
+			i = i+1
+		elif len(comps[i]) > 8:
+			comps[i] = comps[i][:8]
+			i = i+1
+		else:
+			i = i+1
+	# If the path is now empty, substitute '.'
+	if not prefix and not comps:
+		comps.append('.')
+	return prefix + string.joinfields(comps, os.sep)
+

Lib/wave.py

+# Stuff to parse WAVE files.
+#
+# Usage.
+#
+# Reading WAVE files:
+#	f = wave.open(file, 'r')
+# where file is either the name of a file or an open file pointer.
+# The open file pointer must have methods read(), seek(), and close().
+# When the setpos() and rewind() methods are not used, the seek()
+# method is not  necessary.
+#
+# This returns an instance of a class with the following public methods:
+#	getnchannels()	-- returns number of audio channels (1 for
+#			   mono, 2 for stereo)
+#	getsampwidth()	-- returns sample width in bytes
+#	getframerate()	-- returns sampling frequency
+#	getnframes()	-- returns number of audio frames
+#	getcomptype()	-- returns compression type ('NONE' for AIFF files)
+#	getcompname()	-- returns human-readable version of
+#			   compression type ('not compressed' for AIFF files)
+#	getparams()	-- returns a tuple consisting of all of the
+#			   above in the above order
+#	getmarkers()	-- returns None (for compatibility with the
+#			   aifc module)
+#	getmark(id)	-- raises an error since the mark does not
+#			   exist (for compatibility with the aifc module)
+#	readframes(n)	-- returns at most n frames of audio
+#	rewind()	-- rewind to the beginning of the audio stream
+#	setpos(pos)	-- seek to the specified position
+#	tell()		-- return the current position
+#	close()		-- close the instance (make it unusable)
+# The position returned by tell() and the position given to setpos()
+# are compatible and have nothing to do with the actual postion in the
+# file.
+# The close() method is called automatically when the class instance
+# is destroyed.
+#
+# Writing WAVE files:
+#	f = wave.open(file, 'w')
+# where file is either the name of a file or an open file pointer.
+# The open file pointer must have methods write(), tell(), seek(), and
+# close().
+#
+# This returns an instance of a class with the following public methods:
+#	setnchannels(n)	-- set the number of channels
+#	setsampwidth(n)	-- set the sample width
+#	setframerate(n)	-- set the frame rate
+#	setnframes(n)	-- set the number of frames
+#	setcomptype(type, name)
+#			-- set the compression type and the
+#			   human-readable compression type
+#	setparams(nchannels, sampwidth, framerate, nframes, comptype, compname)
+#			-- set all parameters at once
+#	tell()		-- return current position in output file
+#	writeframesraw(data)
+#			-- write audio frames without pathing up the
+#			   file header
+#	writeframes(data)
+#			-- write audio frames and patch up the file header
+#	close()		-- patch up the file header and close the
+#			   output file
+# You should set the parameters before the first writeframesraw or
+# writeframes.  The total number of frames does not need to be set,
+# but when it is set to the correct value, the header does not have to
+# be patched up.
+# It is best to first set all parameters, perhaps possibly the
+# compression type, and then write audio frames using writeframesraw.
+# When all frames have been written, either call writeframes('') or
+# close() to patch up the sizes in the header.
+# The close() method is called automatically when the class instance
+# is destroyed.
+
+import __builtin__
+
+Error = 'wave.Error'
+
+WAVE_FORMAT_PCM = 0x0001
+
+_array_fmts = None, 'b', 'h', None, 'l'
+
+def _read_long(file):
+	x = 0L
+	for i in range(4):
+		byte = file.read(1)
+		if byte == '':
+			raise EOFError
+		x = x + (ord(byte) << (8 * i))
+	if x >= 0x80000000L:
+		x = x - 0x100000000L
+	return int(x)
+
+def _read_ulong(file):
+	x = 0L
+	for i in range(4):
+		byte = file.read(1)
+		if byte == '':
+			raise EOFError
+		x = x + (ord(byte) << (8 * i))
+	return x
+
+def _read_short(file):
+	x = 0
+	for i in range(2):
+		byte = file.read(1)
+		if byte == '':
+			raise EOFError
+		x = x + (ord(byte) << (8 * i))
+	if x >= 0x8000:
+		x = x - 0x10000
+	return x
+
+def _write_short(f, x):
+	d, m = divmod(x, 256)
+	f.write(chr(m))
+	f.write(chr(d))
+
+def _write_long(f, x):
+	if x < 0:
+		x = x + 0x100000000L
+	for i in range(4):
+		d, m = divmod(x, 256)
+		f.write(chr(int(m)))
+		x = d
+
+class Chunk:
+	def __init__(self, file):
+		self.file = file
+		self.chunkname = self.file.read(4)
+		if len(self.chunkname) < 4:
+			raise EOFError
+		self.chunksize = _read_long(self.file)
+		self.size_read = 0
+		self.offset = self.file.tell()
+
+	def rewind(self):
+		self.file.seek(self.offset, 0)
+		self.size_read = 0
+
+	def setpos(self, pos):
+		if pos < 0 or pos > self.chunksize:
+			raise RuntimeError
+		self.file.seek(self.offset + pos, 0)
+		self.size_read = pos
+		
+	def read(self, length):
+		if self.size_read >= self.chunksize:
+			return ''
+		if length > self.chunksize - self.size_read:
+ 			length = self.chunksize - self.size_read
+		data = self.file.read(length)
+		self.size_read = self.size_read + len(data)
+		return data
+
+	def skip(self):
+		try:
+			self.file.seek(self.chunksize - self.size_read, 1)
+		except RuntimeError:
+			while self.size_read < self.chunksize:
+				dummy = self.read(8192)
+				if not dummy:
+					raise EOFError
+
+class Wave_read:
+	# Variables used in this class:
+	#
+	# These variables are available to the user though appropriate
+	# methods of this class:
+	# _file -- the open file with methods read(), close(), and seek()
+	#		set through the __init__() method
+	# _nchannels -- the number of audio channels
+	#		available through the getnchannels() method
+	# _nframes -- the number of audio frames
+	#		available through the getnframes() method
+	# _sampwidth -- the number of bytes per audio sample
+	#		available through the getsampwidth() method
+	# _framerate -- the sampling frequency
+	#		available through the getframerate() method
+	# _comptype -- the AIFF-C compression type ('NONE' if AIFF)
+	#		available through the getcomptype() method
+	# _compname -- the human-readable AIFF-C compression type
+	#		available through the getcomptype() method
+	# _soundpos -- the position in the audio stream
+	#		available through the tell() method, set through the
+	#		setpos() method
+	#
+	# These variables are used internally only:
+	# _fmt_chunk_read -- 1 iff the FMT chunk has been read
+	# _data_seek_needed -- 1 iff positioned correctly in audio
+	#		file for readframes()
+	# _data_chunk -- instantiation of a chunk class for the DATA chunk
+	# _framesize -- size of one frame in the file
+
+	access _file, _nchannels, _nframes, _sampwidth, _framerate, \
+		  _comptype, _compname, _soundpos, \
+		  _fmt_chunk_read, _data_seek_needed, \
+		  _data_chunk, _framesize: private
+
+	def initfp(self, file):
+		self._file = file
+		self._convert = None
+		self._soundpos = 0
+		form = self._file.read(4)
+		if form != 'RIFF':
+			raise Error, 'file does not start with RIFF id'
+		formlength = _read_long(self._file)
+		if formlength <= 0:
+			raise Error, 'invalid FORM chunk data size'
+		formdata = self._file.read(4)
+		formlength = formlength - 4
+		if formdata != 'WAVE':
+			raise Error, 'not a WAVE file'
+		self._fmt_chunk_read = 0
+		while formlength > 0:
+			self._data_seek_needed = 1
+			chunk = Chunk(self._file)
+			if chunk.chunkname == 'fmt ':
+				self._read_fmt_chunk(chunk)
+				self._fmt_chunk_read = 1
+			elif chunk.chunkname == 'data':
+				if not self._fmt_chunk_read:
+					raise Error, 'data chunk before fmt chunk'
+				self._data_chunk = chunk
+				self._nframes = chunk.chunksize / self._framesize
+				self._data_seek_needed = 0
+			formlength = formlength - 8 - chunk.chunksize
+			if formlength > 0:
+				chunk.skip()
+		if not self._fmt_chunk_read or not self._data_chunk:
+			raise Error, 'fmt chunk and/or data chunk missing'
+
+	def __init__(self, f):
+		if type(f) == type(''):
+			f = __builtin__.open(f, 'r')
+		# else, assume it is an open file object already
+		self.initfp(f)
+
+	def __del__(self):
+		if self._file:
+			self.close()
+
+	#
+	# User visible methods.
+	#
+	def getfp(self):
+		return self._file
+
+	def rewind(self):
+		self._data_seek_needed = 1
+		self._soundpos = 0
+
+	def close(self):
+		self._file = None
+
+	def tell(self):
+		return self._soundpos
+
+	def getnchannels(self):
+		return self._nchannels
+
+	def getnframes(self):
+		return self._nframes
+
+	def getsampwidth(self):
+		return self._sampwidth
+
+	def getframerate(self):
+		return self._framerate
+
+	def getcomptype(self):
+		return self._comptype
+
+	def getcompname(self):
+		return self._compname
+
+	def getparams(self):
+		return self.getnchannels(), self.getsampwidth(), \
+			  self.getframerate(), self.getnframes(), \
+			  self.getcomptype(), self.getcompname()
+
+	def getmarkers(self):
+		return None
+
+	def getmark(self, id):
+		raise Error, 'no marks'
+
+	def setpos(self, pos):
+		if pos < 0 or pos > self._nframes:
+			raise Error, 'position not in range'
+		self._soundpos = pos
+		self._data_seek_needed = 1
+
+	def readframes(self, nframes):
+		if self._data_seek_needed:
+			self._data_chunk.rewind()
+			pos = self._soundpos * self._framesize
+			if pos:
+				self._data_chunk.setpos(pos)
+			self._data_seek_needed = 0
+		if nframes == 0:
+			return ''
+		if self._sampwidth > 1:
+			# unfortunately the fromfile() method does not take
+			# something that only looks like a file object, so
+			# we have to reach into the innards of the chunk object
+			import array
+			data = array.array(_array_fmts[self._sampwidth])
+			nitems = nframes * self._nchannels
+			if nitems * self._sampwidth > self._data_chunk.chunksize - self._data_chunk.size_read:
+				nitems = (self._data_chunk.chunksize - self._data_chunk.size_read) / self._sampwidth
+			data.fromfile(self._data_chunk.file, nitems)
+			self._data_chunk.size_read = self._data_chunk.size_read + nitems * self._sampwidth
+			data.byteswap()
+			data = data.tostring()
+		else:
+			data = self._data_chunk.read(nframes * self._framesize)
+		if self._convert and data:
+			data = self._convert(data)
+		self._soundpos = self._soundpos + len(data) / (self._nchannels * self._sampwidth)
+		return data
+
+	#
+	# Internal methods.
+	#
+	access *: private
+
+	def _read_fmt_chunk(self, chunk):
+		wFormatTag = _read_short(chunk)
+		self._nchannels = _read_short(chunk)
+		self._framerate = _read_long(chunk)
+		dwAvgBytesPerSec = _read_long(chunk)
+		wBlockAlign = _read_short(chunk)
+		if wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_PCM:
+			self._sampwidth = (_read_short(chunk) + 7) / 8
+		else:
+			raise Error, 'unknown format'
+		self._framesize = self._nchannels * self._sampwidth
+		self._comptype = 'NONE'
+		self._compname = 'not compressed'
+
+class Wave_write:
+	# Variables used in this class:
+	#
+	# These variables are user settable through appropriate methods
+	# of this class:
+	# _file -- the open file with methods write(), close(), tell(), seek()
+	#		set through the __init__() method
+	# _comptype -- the AIFF-C compression type ('NONE' in AIFF)
+	#		set through the setcomptype() or setparams() method
+	# _compname -- the human-readable AIFF-C compression type
+	#		set through the setcomptype() or setparams() method
+	# _nchannels -- the number of audio channels
+	#		set through the setnchannels() or setparams() method
+	# _sampwidth -- the number of bytes per audio sample
+	#		set through the setsampwidth() or setparams() method
+	# _framerate -- the sampling frequency
+	#		set through the setframerate() or setparams() method
+	# _nframes -- the number of audio frames written to the header
+	#		set through the setnframes() or setparams() method
+	#
+	# These variables are used internally only:
+	# _datalength -- the size of the audio samples written to the header
+	# _nframeswritten -- the number of frames actually written
+	# _datawritten -- the size of the audio samples actually written
+
+	access _file, _comptype, _compname, _nchannels, _sampwidth, \
+		  _framerate, _nframes, _nframeswritten, \
+		  _datalength, _datawritten: private
+
+	def __init__(self, f):
+		if type(f) == type(''):
+			f = __builtin__.open(f, 'w')
+		self.initfp(f)
+
+	def initfp(self, file):
+		self._file = file
+		self._convert = None
+		self._nchannels = 0
+		self._sampwidth = 0
+		self._framerate = 0
+		self._nframes = 0
+		self._nframeswritten = 0
+		self._datawritten = 0
+		self._datalength = 0
+
+	def __del__(self):
+		if self._file:
+			self.close()
+
+	#
+	# User visible methods.
+	#
+	def setnchannels(self, nchannels):
+		if self._datawritten:
+			raise Error, 'cannot change parameters after starting to write'
+		if nchannels < 1:
+			raise Error, 'bad # of channels'
+		self._nchannels = nchannels
+
+	def getnchannels(self):
+		if not self._nchannels:
+			raise Error, 'number of channels not set'
+		return self._nchannels
+
+	def setsampwidth(self, sampwidth):
+		if self._datawritten:
+			raise Error, 'cannot change parameters after starting to write'
+		if sampwidth < 1 or sampwidth > 4:
+			raise Error, 'bad sample width'
+		self._sampwidth = sampwidth
+
+	def getsampwidth(self):
+		if not self._sampwidth:
+			raise Error, 'sample width not set'
+		return self._sampwidth
+
+	def setframerate(self, framerate):
+		if self._datawritten:
+			raise Error, 'cannot change parameters after starting to write'
+		if framerate <= 0:
+			raise Error, 'bad frame rate'
+		self._framerate = framerate
+
+	def getframerate(self):
+		if not self._framerate:
+			raise Error, 'frame rate not set'
+		return self._framerate
+
+	def setnframes(self, nframes):
+		if self._datawritten:
+			raise Error, 'cannot change parameters after starting to write'
+		self._nframes = nframes
+
+	def getnframes(self):
+		return self._nframeswritten
+
+	def setcomptype(self, comptype, compname):
+		if self._datawritten:
+			raise Error, 'cannot change parameters after starting to write'
+		if comptype not in ('NONE',):
+			raise Error, 'unsupported compression type'
+		self._comptype = comptype
+		self._compname = compname
+
+	def getcomptype(self):
+		return self._comptype
+
+	def getcompname(self):
+		return self._compname
+
+	def setparams(self, (nchannels, sampwidth, framerate, nframes, comptype, compname)):
+		if self._datawritten:
+			raise Error, 'cannot change parameters after starting to write'
+		self.setnchannels(nchannels)
+		self.setsampwidth(sampwidth)
+		self.setframerate(framerate)
+		self.setnframes(nframes)
+		self.setcomptype(comptype, compname)
+
+	def getparams(self):
+		if not self._nchannels or not self._sampwidth or not self._framerate:
+			raise Error, 'not all parameters set'
+		return self._nchannels, self._sampwidth, self._framerate, \
+			  self._nframes, self._comptype, self._compname
+
+	def setmark(self, id, pos, name):
+		raise Error, 'setmark() not supported'
+
+	def getmark(self, id):
+		raise Error, 'no marks'
+
+	def getmarkers(self):
+		return None
+				
+	def tell(self):
+		return self._nframeswritten
+
+	def writeframesraw(self, data):
+		self._ensure_header_written(len(data))
+		nframes = len(data) / (self._sampwidth * self._nchannels)
+		if self._convert:
+			data = self._convert(data)
+		if self._sampwidth > 1:
+			import array
+			data = array.array(_array_fmts[self._sampwidth], data)
+			data.byteswap()
+			data.tofile(self._file)
+			self._datawritten = self._datawritten + len(data) * self._sampwidth
+		else:
+			self._file.write(data)
+			self._datawritten = self._datawritten + len(data)
+		self._nframeswritten = self._nframeswritten + nframes
+
+	def writeframes(self, data):
+		self.writeframesraw(data)
+		if self._datalength != self._datawritten:
+			self._patchheader()
+
+	def close(self):
+		self._ensure_header_written(0)
+		if self._datalength != self._datawritten:
+			self._patchheader()
+		self._file.flush()
+		self._file = None
+
+	#
+	# Internal methods.
+	#
+	access *: private
+
+	def _ensure_header_written(self, datasize):
+		if not self._datawritten:
+			if not self._nchannels:
+				raise Error, '# channels not specified'
+			if not self._sampwidth:
+				raise Error, 'sample width not specified'
+			if not self._framerate:
+				raise Error, 'sampling rate not specified'
+			self._write_header(datasize)
+
+	def _write_header(self, initlength):
+		self._file.write('RIFF')
+		if not self._nframes:
+			self._nframes = initlength / (self._nchannels * self._sampwidth)
+		self._datalength = self._nframes * self._nchannels * self._sampwidth
+		self._form_length_pos = self._file.tell()
+		_write_long(self._file, 36 + self._datalength)
+		self._file.write('WAVE')
+		self._file.write('fmt ')
+		_write_long(self._file, 16)
+		_write_short(self._file, WAVE_FORMAT_PCM)
+		_write_short(self._file, self._nchannels)
+		_write_long(self._file, self._framerate)
+		_write_long(self._file, self._nchannels * self._framerate * self._sampwidth)
+		_write_short(self._file, self._nchannels * self._sampwidth)
+		_write_short(self._file, self._sampwidth * 8)
+		self._file.write('data')
+		self._data_length_pos = self._file.tell()
+		_write_long(self._file, self._datalength)
+
+	def _patchheader(self):
+		if self._datawritten == self._datalength:
+			return
+		curpos = self._file.tell()
+		self._file.seek(self._form_length_pos, 0)
+		_write_long(36 + self._datawritten)
+		self._file.seek(self._data_length_pos, 0)
+		_write_long(self._file, self._datawritten)
+		self._file.seek(curpos, 0)
+		self._datalength = self._datawritten
+
+def open(f, mode):
+	if mode == 'r':
+		return Wave_read(f)
+	elif mode == 'w':
+		return Wave_write(f)
+	else:
+		raise Error, "mode must be 'r' or 'w'"
+
+openfp = open # B/W compatibility