• Nadav Amit's avatar
    kbuild/Makefile: Prepare for using macros in inline assembly code to work... · 77b0bf55
    Nadav Amit authored
    kbuild/Makefile: Prepare for using macros in inline assembly code to work around asm() related GCC inlining bugs
    
    Using macros in inline assembly allows us to work around bugs
    in GCC's inlining decisions.
    
    Compile macros.S and use it to assemble all C files.
    Currently only x86 will use it.
    
    Background:
    
    The inlining pass of GCC doesn't include an assembler, so it's not aware
    of basic properties of the generated code, such as its size in bytes,
    or that there are such things as discontiuous blocks of code and data
    due to the newfangled linker feature called 'sections' ...
    
    Instead GCC uses a lazy and fragile heuristic: it does a linear count of
    certain syntactic and whitespace elements in inlined assembly block source
    code, such as a count of new-lines and semicolons (!), as a poor substitute
    for "code size and complexity".
    
    Unsurprisingly this heuristic falls over and breaks its neck whith certain
    common types of kernel code that use inline assembly, such as the frequent
    practice of putting useful information into alternative sections.
    
    As a result of this fresh, 20+ years old GCC bug, GCC's inlining decisions
    are effectively disabled for inlined functions that make use of such asm()
    blocks, because GCC thinks those sections of code are "large" - when in
    reality they are often result in just a very low number of machine
    instructions.
    
    This absolute lack of inlining provess when GCC comes across such asm()
    blocks both increases generated kernel code size and causes performance
    overhead, which is particularly noticeable on paravirt kernels, which make
    frequent use of these inlining facilities in attempt to stay out of the
    way when running on baremetal hardware.
    
    Instead of fixing the compiler we use a workaround: we set an assembly macro
    and call it from the inlined assembly block. As a result GCC considers the
    inline assembly block as a single instruction. (Which it often isn't but I digress.)
    
    This uglifies and bloats the source code - for example just the refcount
    related changes have this impact:
    
     Makefile                 |    9 +++++++--
     arch/x86/Makefile        |    7 +++++++
     arch/x86/kernel/macros.S |    7 +++++++
     scripts/Kbuild.include   |    4 +++-
     scripts/mod/Makefile     |    2 ++
     5 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
    
    Yay readability and maintainability, it's not like assembly code is hard to read
    and maintain ...
    
    We also hope that GCC will eventually get fixed, but we are not holding
    our breath for that. Yet we are optimistic, it might still happen, any decade now.
    
    [ mingo: Wrote new changelog describing the background. ]
    Tested-by: default avatarKees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
    Signed-off-by: default avatarNadav Amit <namit@vmware.com>
    Acked-by: default avatarMasahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
    Acked-by: default avatarPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
    Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
    Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
    Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
    Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
    Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
    Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
    Cc: Michal Marek <michal.lkml@markovi.net>
    Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
    Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
    Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
    Cc: linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org
    Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181003213100.189959-3-namit@vmware.comSigned-off-by: default avatarIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
    77b0bf55
Makefile 58.6 KB