- 10 May, 2022 27 commits
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Joel Savitz authored
The gup_test binary will fail showing only the output of perror("open") in the case that /sys/kernel/debug/gup_test is not found. This will almost always be due to CONFIG_GUP_TEST not being set, which enables compilation of a kernel that provides this file. Add a short error message to clarify this failure and point the user to the solution. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220502224942.995427-1-jsavitz@redhat.comSigned-off-by:Joel Savitz <jsavitz@redhat.com> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Cc: Nico Pache <npache@redhat.com> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Yury Norov authored
pin_user_pages API forces FOLL_PIN in gup_flags, which means that the API requires struct page **pages to be provided (not NULL). However, the comment to pin_user_pages() clearly allows for passing in a NULL @pages argument. Remove the incorrect comments, and add WARN_ON_ONCE(!pages) calls to enforce the API. It has been independently spotted by Minchan Kim and confirmed with John Hubbard: https://lore.kernel.org/all/YgWA0ghrrzHONehH@google.com/ Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220422015839.1274328-1-yury.norov@gmail.comSigned-off-by:
Yury Norov (NVIDIA) <yury.norov@gmail.com> Reviewed-by:
John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by:
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David Hildenbrand authored
Right now, the last 5 bits (0x1f) of the swap entry are used for the type and the bit before that (0x20) is used for _PAGE_SWP_SOFT_DIRTY. We cannot use 0x40, as that collides with _RPAGE_RSV1 -- contained in _PAGE_HPTEFLAGS. The next candidate would be _RPAGE_SW3 (0x200) -- which is used for _PAGE_SOFT_DIRTY for !swp ptes. So let's just use _PAGE_SOFT_DIRTY for _PAGE_SWP_SOFT_DIRTY (to make it easier to grasp) and use 0x20 now for _PAGE_SWP_EXCLUSIVE. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220329164329.208407-9-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by:
David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Don Dutile <ddutile@redhat.com> Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Cc: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Liang Zhang <zhangliang5@huawei.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Nadav Amit <namit@vmware.com> Cc: Oded Gabbay <oded.gabbay@gmail.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Pedro Demarchi Gomes <pedrodemargomes@gmail.com> Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by:
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David Hildenbrand authored
The swap type is simply stored in bits 0x1f of the swap pte. Let's simplify by just getting rid of _PAGE_BIT_SWAP_TYPE. It's not like that we can simply change it: _PAGE_SWP_SOFT_DIRTY would suddenly fall into _RPAGE_RSV1, which isn't possible and would make the BUILD_BUG_ON(_PAGE_HPTEFLAGS & _PAGE_SWP_SOFT_DIRTY) angry. While at it, make it clearer which bit we're actually using for _PAGE_SWP_SOFT_DIRTY by just using the proper define and introduce and use SWP_TYPE_MASK. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220329164329.208407-8-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by:
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David Hildenbrand authored
Let's use bit 52, which is unused. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220329164329.208407-7-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by:
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David Hildenbrand authored
Bit 52 and bit 55 don't have to be zero: they only trigger a translation-specifiation exception if the PTE is marked as valid, which is not the case for swap ptes. Document which bits are used for what, and which ones are unused. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220329164329.208407-6-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by:
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David Hildenbrand authored
Let's use one of the type bits: core-mm only supports 5, so there is no need to consume 6. Note that we might be able to reuse bit 1, but reusing bit 1 turned out problematic in the past for PROT_NONE handling; so let's play safe and use another bit. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220329164329.208407-5-david@redhat.comReviewed-by:
Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Signed-off-by:
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David Hildenbrand authored
Let's use bit 3 to remember PG_anon_exclusive in swap ptes. [david@redhat.com: fix 32-bit swap layout] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/d875c292-46b3-f281-65ae-71d0b0c6f592@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220329164329.208407-4-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by:
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David Hildenbrand authored
Let's test that __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SWP_EXCLUSIVE works as expected. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220329164329.208407-3-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by:
Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Don Dutile <ddutile@redhat.com> Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Cc: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Liang Zhang <zhangliang5@huawei.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Nadav Amit <namit@vmware.com> Cc: Oded Gabbay <oded.gabbay@gmail.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Pedro Demarchi Gomes <pedrodemargomes@gmail.com> Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by:
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David Hildenbrand authored
Patch series "mm: COW fixes part 3: reliable GUP R/W FOLL_GET of anonymous pages", v2. This series fixes memory corruptions when a GUP R/W reference (FOLL_WRITE | FOLL_GET) was taken on an anonymous page and COW logic fails to detect exclusivity of the page to then replacing the anonymous page by a copy in the page table: The GUP reference lost synchronicity with the pages mapped into the page tables. This series focuses on x86, arm64, s390x and ppc64/book3s -- other architectures are fairly easy to support by implementing __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SWP_EXCLUSIVE. This primarily fixes the O_DIRECT memory corruptions that can happen on concurrent swapout, whereby we lose DMA reads to a page (modifying the user page by writing to it). O_DIRECT currently uses FOLL_GET for short-term (!FOLL_LONGTERM) DMA from/to a user page. In the long run, we want to convert it to properly use FOLL_PIN, and John is working on it, but that might take a while and might not be easy to backport. In the meantime, let's restore what used to work before we started modifying our COW logic: make R/W FOLL_GET references reliable as long as there is no fork() after GUP involved. This is just the natural follow-up of part 2, that will also further reduce "wrong COW" on the swapin path, for example, when we cannot remove a page from the swapcache due to concurrent writeback, or if we have two threads faulting on the same swapped-out page. Fixing O_DIRECT is just a nice side-product This issue, including other related COW issues, has been summarized in [3] under 2): " 2. Intra Process Memory Corruptions due to Wrong COW (FOLL_GET) It was discovered that we can create a memory corruption by reading a file via O_DIRECT to a part (e.g., first 512 bytes) of a page, concurrently writing to an unrelated part (e.g., last byte) of the same page, and concurrently write-protecting the page via clear_refs SOFTDIRTY tracking [6]. For the reproducer, the issue is that O_DIRECT grabs a reference of the target page (via FOLL_GET) and clear_refs write-protects the relevant page table entry. On successive write access to the page from the process itself, we wrongly COW the page when resolving the write fault, resulting in a loss of synchronicity and consequently a memory corruption. While some people might think that using clear_refs in this combination is a corner cases, it turns out to be a more generic problem unfortunately. For example, it was just recently discovered that we can similarly create a memory corruption without clear_refs, simply by concurrently swapping out the buffer pages [7]. Note that we nowadays even use the swap infrastructure in Linux without an actual swap disk/partition: the prime example is zram which is enabled as default under Fedora [10]. The root issue is that a write-fault on a page that has additional references results in a COW and thereby a loss of synchronicity and consequently a memory corruption if two parties believe they are referencing the same page. " We don't particularly care about R/O FOLL_GET references: they were never reliable and O_DIRECT doesn't expect to observe modifications from a page after DMA was started. Note that: * this only fixes the issue on x86, arm64, s390x and ppc64/book3s ("enterprise architectures"). Other architectures have to implement __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SWP_EXCLUSIVE to achieve the same. * this does *not * consider any kind of fork() after taking the reference: fork() after GUP never worked reliably with FOLL_GET. * Not losing PG_anon_exclusive during swapout was the last remaining piece. KSM already makes sure that there are no other references on a page before considering it for sharing. Page migration maintains PG_anon_exclusive and simply fails when there are additional references (freezing the refcount fails). Only swapout code dropped the PG_anon_exclusive flag because it requires more work to remember + restore it. With this series in place, most COW issues of [3] are fixed on said architectures. Other architectures can implement __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SWP_EXCLUSIVE fairly easily. [1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220329160440.193848-1-david@redhat.com [2] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211217113049.23850-1-david@redhat.com [3] https://lore.kernel.org/r/3ae33b08-d9ef-f846-56fb-645e3b9b4c66@redhat.com This patch (of 8): Currently, we clear PG_anon_exclusive in try_to_unmap() and forget about it. We do this, to keep fork() logic on swap entries easy and efficient: for example, if we wouldn't clear it when unmapping, we'd have to lookup the page in the swapcache for each and every swap entry during fork() and clear PG_anon_exclusive if set. Instead, we want to store that information directly in the swap pte, protected by the page table lock, similarly to how we handle SWP_MIGRATION_READ_EXCLUSIVE for migration entries. However, for actual swap entries, we don't want to mess with the swap type (e.g., still one bit) because it overcomplicates swap code. In try_to_unmap(), we already reject to unmap in case the page might be pinned, because we must not lose PG_anon_exclusive on pinned pages ever. Checking if there are other unexpected references reliably *before* completely unmapping a page is unfortunately not really possible: THP heavily overcomplicate the situation. Once fully unmapped it's easier -- we, for example, make sure that there are no unexpected references *after* unmapping a page before starting writeback on that page. So, we currently might end up unmapping a page and clearing PG_anon_exclusive if that page has additional references, for example, due to a FOLL_GET. do_swap_page() has to re-determine if a page is exclusive, which will easily fail if there are other references on a page, most prominently GUP references via FOLL_GET. This can currently result in memory corruptions when taking a FOLL_GET | FOLL_WRITE reference on a page even when fork() is never involved: try_to_unmap() will succeed, and when refaulting the page, it cannot be marked exclusive and will get replaced by a copy in the page tables on the next write access, resulting in writes via the GUP reference to the page being lost. In an ideal world, everybody that uses GUP and wants to modify page content, such as O_DIRECT, would properly use FOLL_PIN. However, that conversion will take a while. It's easier to fix what used to work in the past (FOLL_GET | FOLL_WRITE) remembering PG_anon_exclusive. In addition, by remembering PG_anon_exclusive we can further reduce unnecessary COW in some cases, so it's the natural thing to do. So let's transfer the PG_anon_exclusive information to the swap pte and store it via an architecture-dependant pte bit; use that information when restoring the swap pte in do_swap_page() and unuse_pte(). During fork(), we simply have to clear the pte bit and are done. Of course, there is one corner case to handle: swap backends that don't support concurrent page modifications while the page is under writeback. Special case these, and drop the exclusive marker. Add a comment why that is just fine (also, reuse_swap_page() would have done the same in the past). In the future, we'll hopefully have all architectures support __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SWP_EXCLUSIVE, such that we can get rid of the empty stubs and the define completely. Then, we can also convert SWP_MIGRATION_READ_EXCLUSIVE. For architectures it's fairly easy to support: either simply use a yet unused pte bit that can be used for swap entries, steal one from the arch type bits if they exceed 5, or steal one from the offset bits. Note: R/O FOLL_GET references were never really reliable, especially when taking one on a shared page and then writing to the page (e.g., GUP after fork()). FOLL_GET, including R/W references, were never really reliable once fork was involved (e.g., GUP before fork(), GUP during fork()). KSM steps back in case it stumbles over unexpected references and is, therefore, fine. [david@redhat.com: fix SWP_STABLE_WRITES test] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/ac725bcb-313a-4fff-250a-68ba9a8f85fb@redhat.comLink: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220329164329.208407-1-david@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220329164329.208407-2-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by: -
David Hildenbrand authored
Let's verify when (un)pinning anonymous pages that we always deal with exclusive anonymous pages, which guarantees that we'll have a reliable PIN, meaning that we cannot end up with the GUP pin being inconsistent with he pages mapped into the page tables due to a COW triggered by a write fault. When pinning pages, after conditionally triggering GUP unsharing of possibly shared anonymous pages, we should always only see exclusive anonymous pages. Note that anonymous pages that are mapped writable must be marked exclusive, otherwise we'd have a BUG. When pinning during ordinary GUP, simply add a check after our conditional GUP-triggered unsharing checks. As we know exactly how the page is mapped, we know exactly in which page we have to check for PageAnonExclusive(). When pinning via GUP-fast we have to be careful, because we can race with fork(): verify only after we made sure via the seqcount that we didn't race with concurrent fork() that we didn't end up pinning a possibly shared anonymous page. Similarly, when unpinning, verify that the pages are still marked as exclusive: otherwise something turned the pages possibly shared, which can result in random memory corruptions, which we really want to catch. With only the pinned pages at hand and not the actual page table entries we have to be a bit careful: hugetlb pages are always mapped via a single logical page table entry referencing the head page and PG_anon_exclusive of the head page applies. Anon THP are a bit more complicated, because we might have obtained the page reference either via a PMD or a PTE -- depending on the mapping type we either have to check PageAnonExclusive of the head page (PMD-mapped THP) or the tail page (PTE-mapped THP) applies: as we don't know and to make our life easier, check that either is set. Take care to not verify in case we're unpinning during GUP-fast because we detected concurrent fork(): we might stumble over an anonymous page that is now shared. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220428083441.37290-18-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by:
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David Hildenbrand authored
Whenever GUP currently ends up taking a R/O pin on an anonymous page that might be shared -- mapped R/O and !PageAnonExclusive() -- any write fault on the page table entry will end up replacing the mapped anonymous page due to COW, resulting in the GUP pin no longer being consistent with the page actually mapped into the page table. The possible ways to deal with this situation are: (1) Ignore and pin -- what we do right now. (2) Fail to pin -- which would be rather surprising to callers and could break user space. (3) Trigger unsharing and pin the now exclusive page -- reliable R/O pins. Let's implement 3) because it provides the clearest semantics and allows for checking in unpin_user_pages() and friends for possible BUGs: when trying to unpin a page that's no longer exclusive, clearly something went very wrong and might result in memory corruptions that might be hard to debug. So we better have a nice way to spot such issues. This change implies that whenever user space *wrote* to a private mapping (IOW, we have an anonymous page mapped), that GUP pins will always remain consistent: reliable R/O GUP pins of anonymous pages. As a side note, this commit fixes the COW security issue for hugetlb with FOLL_PIN as documented in: https://lore.kernel.org/r/3ae33b08-d9ef-f846-56fb-645e3b9b4c66@redhat.com The vmsplice reproducer still applies, because vmsplice uses FOLL_GET instead of FOLL_PIN. Note that follow_huge_pmd() doesn't apply because we cannot end up in there with FOLL_PIN. This commit is heavily based on prototype patches by Andrea. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220428083441.37290-17-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by:Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by:
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David Hildenbrand authored
Whenever GUP currently ends up taking a R/O pin on an anonymous page that might be shared -- mapped R/O and !PageAnonExclusive() -- any write fault on the page table entry will end up replacing the mapped anonymous page due to COW, resulting in the GUP pin no longer being consistent with the page actually mapped into the page table. The possible ways to deal with this situation are: (1) Ignore and pin -- what we do right now. (2) Fail to pin -- which would be rather surprising to callers and could break user space. (3) Trigger unsharing and pin the now exclusive page -- reliable R/O pins. We want to implement 3) because it provides the clearest semantics and allows for checking in unpin_user_pages() and friends for possible BUGs: when trying to unpin a page that's no longer exclusive, clearly something went very wrong and might result in memory corruptions that might be hard to debug. So we better have a nice way to spot such issues. To implement 3), we need a way for GUP to trigger unsharing: FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE. FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE is only applicable to R/O mapped anonymous pages and resembles COW logic during a write fault. However, in contrast to a write fault, GUP-triggered unsharing will, for example, still maintain the write protection. Let's implement FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE by hooking into the existing write fault handlers for all applicable anonymous page types: ordinary pages, THP and hugetlb. * If FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE finds a R/O-mapped anonymous page that has been marked exclusive in the meantime by someone else, there is nothing to do. * If FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE finds a R/O-mapped anonymous page that's not marked exclusive, it will try detecting if the process is the exclusive owner. If exclusive, it can be set exclusive similar to reuse logic during write faults via page_move_anon_rmap() and there is nothing else to do; otherwise, we either have to copy and map a fresh, anonymous exclusive page R/O (ordinary pages, hugetlb), or split the THP. This commit is heavily based on patches by Andrea. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220428083441.37290-16-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by: -
David Hildenbrand authored
We want to change the way we handle R/O pins on anonymous pages that might be shared: if we detect a possibly shared anonymous page -- mapped R/O and not !PageAnonExclusive() -- we want to trigger unsharing via a page fault, resulting in an exclusive anonymous page that can be pinned reliably without getting replaced via COW on the next write fault. However, the required page fault will be problematic for follow_page(): in contrast to ordinary GUP, follow_page() doesn't trigger faults internally. So we would have to end up failing a R/O pin via follow_page(), although there is something mapped R/O into the page table, which might be rather surprising. We don't seem to have follow_page(FOLL_PIN) users, and it's a purely internal MM function. Let's just make our life easier and the semantics of follow_page() clearer by just disallowing FOLL_PIN for follow_page() completely. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220428083441.37290-15-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by:
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David Hildenbrand authored
Let's fail right away in case we cannot clear PG_anon_exclusive because the anon THP may be pinned. Right now, we continue trying to install migration entries and the caller of try_to_migrate() will realize that the page is still mapped and has to restore the migration entries. Let's just fail fast just like for PTE migration entries. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220428083441.37290-14-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by:
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David Hildenbrand authored
Let's mark exclusively mapped anonymous pages with PG_anon_exclusive as exclusive, and use that information to make GUP pins reliable and stay consistent with the page mapped into the page table even if the page table entry gets write-protected. With that information at hand, we can extend our COW logic to always reuse anonymous pages that are exclusive. For anonymous pages that might be shared, the existing logic applies. As already documented, PG_anon_exclusive is usually only expressive in combination with a page table entry. Especially PTE vs. PMD-mapped anonymous pages require more thought, some examples: due to mremap() we can easily have a single compound page PTE-mapped into multiple page tables exclusively in a single process -- multiple page table locks apply. Further, due to MADV_WIPEONFORK we might not necessarily write-protect all PTEs, and only some subpages might be pinned. Long story short: once PTE-mapped, we have to track information about exclusivity per sub-page, but until then, we can just track it for the compound page in the head page and not having to update a whole bunch of subpages all of the time for a simple PMD mapping of a THP. For simplicity, this commit mostly talks about "anonymous pages", while it's for THP actually "the part of an anonymous folio referenced via a page table entry". To not spill PG_anon_exclusive code all over the mm code-base, we let the anon rmap code to handle all PG_anon_exclusive logic it can easily handle. If a writable, present page table entry points at an anonymous (sub)page, that (sub)page must be PG_anon_exclusive. If GUP wants to take a reliably pin (FOLL_PIN) on an anonymous page references via a present page table entry, it must only pin if PG_anon_exclusive is set for the mapped (sub)page. This commit doesn't adjust GUP, so this is only implicitly handled for FOLL_WRITE, follow-up commits will teach GUP to also respect it for FOLL_PIN without FOLL_WRITE, to make all GUP pins of anonymous pages fully reliable. Whenever an anonymous page is to be shared (fork(), KSM), or when temporarily unmapping an anonymous page (swap, migration), the relevant PG_anon_exclusive bit has to be cleared to mark the anonymous page possibly shared. Clearing will fail if there are GUP pins on the page: * For fork(), this means having to copy the page and not being able to share it. fork() protects against concurrent GUP using the PT lock and the src_mm->write_protect_seq. * For KSM, this means sharing will fail. For swap this means, unmapping will fail, For migration this means, migration will fail early. All three cases protect against concurrent GUP using the PT lock and a proper clear/invalidate+flush of the relevant page table entry. This fixes memory corruptions reported for FOLL_PIN | FOLL_WRITE, when a pinned page gets mapped R/O and the successive write fault ends up replacing the page instead of reusing it. It improves the situation for O_DIRECT/vmsplice/... that still use FOLL_GET instead of FOLL_PIN, if fork() is *not* involved, however swapout and fork() are still problematic. Properly using FOLL_PIN instead of FOLL_GET for these GUP users will fix the issue for them. I. Details about basic handling I.1. Fresh anonymous pages page_add_new_anon_rmap() and hugepage_add_new_anon_rmap() will mark the given page exclusive via __page_set_anon_rmap(exclusive=1). As that is the mechanism fresh anonymous pages come into life (besides migration code where we copy the page->mapping), all fresh anonymous pages will start out as exclusive. I.2. COW reuse handling of anonymous pages When a COW handler stumbles over a (sub)page that's marked exclusive, it simply reuses it. Otherwise, the handler tries harder under page lock to detect if the (sub)page is exclusive and can be reused. If exclusive, page_move_anon_rmap() will mark the given (sub)page exclusive. Note that hugetlb code does not yet check for PageAnonExclusive(), as it still uses the old COW logic that is prone to the COW security issue because hugetlb code cannot really tolerate unnecessary/wrong COW as huge pages are a scarce resource. I.3. Migration handling try_to_migrate() has to try marking an exclusive anonymous page shared via page_try_share_anon_rmap(). If it fails because there are GUP pins on the page, unmap fails. migrate_vma_collect_pmd() and __split_huge_pmd_locked() are handled similarly. Writable migration entries implicitly point at shared anonymous pages. For readable migration entries that information is stored via a new "readable-exclusive" migration entry, specific to anonymous pages. When restoring a migration entry in remove_migration_pte(), information about exlusivity is detected via the migration entry type, and RMAP_EXCLUSIVE is set accordingly for page_add_anon_rmap()/hugepage_add_anon_rmap() to restore that information. I.4. Swapout handling try_to_unmap() has to try marking the mapped page possibly shared via page_try_share_anon_rmap(). If it fails because there are GUP pins on the page, unmap fails. For now, information about exclusivity is lost. In the future, we might want to remember that information in the swap entry in some cases, however, it requires more thought, care, and a way to store that information in swap entries. I.5. Swapin handling do_swap_page() will never stumble over exclusive anonymous pages in the swap cache, as try_to_migrate() prohibits that. do_swap_page() always has to detect manually if an anonymous page is exclusive and has to set RMAP_EXCLUSIVE for page_add_anon_rmap() accordingly. I.6. THP handling __split_huge_pmd_locked() has to move the information about exclusivity from the PMD to the PTEs. a) In case we have a readable-exclusive PMD migration entry, simply insert readable-exclusive PTE migration entries. b) In case we have a present PMD entry and we don't want to freeze ("convert to migration entries"), simply forward PG_anon_exclusive to all sub-pages, no need to temporarily clear the bit. c) In case we have a present PMD entry and want to freeze, handle it similar to try_to_migrate(): try marking the page shared first. In case we fail, we ignore the "freeze" instruction and simply split ordinarily. try_to_migrate() will properly fail because the THP is still mapped via PTEs. When splitting a compound anonymous folio (THP), the information about exclusivity is implicitly handled via the migration entries: no need to replicate PG_anon_exclusive manually. I.7. fork() handling fork() handling is relatively easy, because PG_anon_exclusive is only expressive for some page table entry types. a) Present anonymous pages page_try_dup_anon_rmap() will mark the given subpage shared -- which will fail if the page is pinned. If it failed, we have to copy (or PTE-map a PMD to handle it on the PTE level). Note that device exclusive entries are just a pointer at a PageAnon() page. fork() will first convert a device exclusive entry to a present page table and handle it just like present anonymous pages. b) Device private entry Device private entries point at PageAnon() pages that cannot be mapped directly and, therefore, cannot get pinned. page_try_dup_anon_rmap() will mark the given subpage shared, which cannot fail because they cannot get pinned. c) HW poison entries PG_anon_exclusive will remain untouched and is stale -- the page table entry is just a placeholder after all. d) Migration entries Writable and readable-exclusive entries are converted to readable entries: possibly shared. I.8. mprotect() handling mprotect() only has to properly handle the new readable-exclusive migration entry: When write-protecting a migration entry that points at an anonymous page, remember the information about exclusivity via the "readable-exclusive" migration entry type. II. Migration and GUP-fast Whenever replacing a present page table entry that maps an exclusive anonymous page by a migration entry, we have to mark the page possibly shared and synchronize against GUP-fast by a proper clear/invalidate+flush to make the following scenario impossible: 1. try_to_migrate() places a migration entry after checking for GUP pins and marks the page possibly shared. 2. GUP-fast pins the page due to lack of synchronization 3. fork() converts the "writable/readable-exclusive" migration entry into a readable migration entry 4. Migration fails due to the GUP pin (failing to freeze the refcount) 5. Migration entries are restored. PG_anon_exclusive is lost -> We have a pinned page that is not marked exclusive anymore. Note that we move information about exclusivity from the page to the migration entry as it otherwise highly overcomplicates fork() and PTE-mapping a THP. III. Swapout and GUP-fast Whenever replacing a present page table entry that maps an exclusive anonymous page by a swap entry, we have to mark the page possibly shared and synchronize against GUP-fast by a proper clear/invalidate+flush to make the following scenario impossible: 1. try_to_unmap() places a swap entry after checking for GUP pins and clears exclusivity information on the page. 2. GUP-fast pins the page due to lack of synchronization. -> We have a pinned page that is not marked exclusive anymore. If we'd ever store information about exclusivity in the swap entry, similar to migration handling, the same considerations as in II would apply. This is future work. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220428083441.37290-13-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by: -
David Hildenbrand authored
The basic question we would like to have a reliable and efficient answer to is: is this anonymous page exclusive to a single process or might it be shared? We need that information for ordinary/single pages, hugetlb pages, and possibly each subpage of a THP. Introduce a way to mark an anonymous page as exclusive, with the ultimate goal of teaching our COW logic to not do "wrong COWs", whereby GUP pins lose consistency with the pages mapped into the page table, resulting in reported memory corruptions. Most pageflags already have semantics for anonymous pages, however, PG_mappedtodisk should never apply to pages in the swapcache, so let's reuse that flag. As PG_has_hwpoisoned also uses that flag on the second tail page of a compound page, convert it to PG_error instead, which is marked as PF_NO_TAIL, so never used for tail pages. Use custom page flag modification functions such that we can do additional sanity checks. The semantics we'll put into some kernel doc in the future are: " PG_anon_exclusive is *usually* only expressive in combination with a page table entry. Depending on the page table entry type it might store the following information: Is what's mapped via this page table entry exclusive to the single process and can be mapped writable without further checks? If not, it might be shared and we might have to COW. For now, we only expect PTE-mapped THPs to make use of PG_anon_exclusive in subpages. For other anonymous compound folios (i.e., hugetlb), only the head page is logically mapped and holds this information. For example, an exclusive, PMD-mapped THP only has PG_anon_exclusive set on the head page. When replacing the PMD by a page table full of PTEs, PG_anon_exclusive, if set on the head page, will be set on all tail pages accordingly. Note that converting from a PTE-mapping to a PMD mapping using the same compound page is currently not possible and consequently doesn't require care. If GUP wants to take a reliable pin (FOLL_PIN) on an anonymous page, it should only pin if the relevant PG_anon_exclusive is set. In that case, the pin will be fully reliable and stay consistent with the pages mapped into the page table, as the bit cannot get cleared (e.g., by fork(), KSM) while the page is pinned. For anonymous pages that are mapped R/W, PG_anon_exclusive can be assumed to always be set because such pages cannot possibly be shared. The page table lock protecting the page table entry is the primary synchronization mechanism for PG_anon_exclusive; GUP-fast that does not take the PT lock needs special care when trying to clear the flag. Page table entry types and PG_anon_exclusive: * Present: PG_anon_exclusive applies. * Swap: the information is lost. PG_anon_exclusive was cleared. * Migration: the entry holds this information instead. PG_anon_exclusive was cleared. * Device private: PG_anon_exclusive applies. * Device exclusive: PG_anon_exclusive applies. * HW Poison: PG_anon_exclusive is stale and not changed. If the page may be pinned (FOLL_PIN), clearing PG_anon_exclusive is not allowed and the flag will stick around until the page is freed and folio->mapping is cleared. " We won't be clearing PG_anon_exclusive on destructive unmapping (i.e., zapping) of page table entries, page freeing code will handle that when also invalidate page->mapping to not indicate PageAnon() anymore. Letting information about exclusivity stick around will be an important property when adding sanity checks to unpinning code. Note that we properly clear the flag in free_pages_prepare() via PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP for each individual subpage of a compound page, so there is no need to manually clear the flag. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220428083441.37290-12-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by: -
David Hildenbrand authored
We can already theoretically fail to unmap (still having page_mapped()) in case arch_unmap_one() fails, which can happen on sparc. Failures to unmap are handled gracefully, just as if there are other references on the target page: freezing the refcount in split_huge_page_to_list() will fail if still mapped and we'll simply remap. In commit 504e070d ("mm: thp: replace DEBUG_VM BUG with VM_WARN when unmap fails for split") we already converted to VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_PAGE, let's get rid of it completely now. This is a preparation for making try_to_migrate() fail on anonymous pages with GUP pins, which will make this VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_PAGE trigger more frequently. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220428083441.37290-11-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by:
Yang Shi <shy828301@gmail.com> Reviewed-by:
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David Hildenbrand authored
We want to mark anonymous pages exclusive, and when using page_move_anon_rmap() we know that we are the exclusive user, as properly documented. This is a preparation for marking anonymous pages exclusive in page_move_anon_rmap(). In both instances, we're holding page lock and are sure that we're the exclusive owner (page_count() == 1). hugetlb already properly uses page_move_anon_rmap() in the write fault handler. Note that in case of a PTE-mapped THP, we'll only end up calling this function if the whole THP is only referenced by the single PTE mapping a single subpage (page_count() == 1); consequently, it's fine to modify the compound page mapping inside page_move_anon_rmap(). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220428083441.37290-10-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by:
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David Hildenbrand authored
New anonymous pages are always mapped natively: only THP/khugepaged code maps a new compound anonymous page and passes "true". Otherwise, we're just dealing with simple, non-compound pages. Let's give the interface clearer semantics and document these. Remove the PageTransCompound() sanity check from page_add_new_anon_rmap(). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220428083441.37290-9-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by:
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David Hildenbrand authored
Let's prepare for passing RMAP_EXCLUSIVE, similarly as we do for page_add_anon_rmap() now. RMAP_COMPOUND is implicit for hugetlb pages and ignored. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220428083441.37290-8-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by:
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David Hildenbrand authored
... and instead convert page_add_anon_rmap() to accept flags. Passing flags instead of bools is usually nicer either way, and we want to more often also pass RMAP_EXCLUSIVE in follow up patches when detecting that an anonymous page is exclusive: for example, when restoring an anonymous page from a writable migration entry. This is a preparation for marking an anonymous page inside page_add_anon_rmap() as exclusive when RMAP_EXCLUSIVE is passed. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220428083441.37290-7-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by:
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David Hildenbrand authored
We want to pass the flags to more than one anon rmap function, getting rid of special "do_page_add_anon_rmap()". So let's pass around a distinct __bitwise type and refine documentation. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220428083441.37290-6-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by:
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David Hildenbrand authored
... and move the special check for pinned pages into page_try_dup_anon_rmap() to prepare for tracking exclusive anonymous pages via a new pageflag, clearing it only after making sure that there are no GUP pins on the anonymous page. We really only care about pins on anonymous pages, because they are prone to getting replaced in the COW handler once mapped R/O. For !anon pages in cow-mappings (!VM_SHARED && VM_MAYWRITE) we shouldn't really care about that, at least not that I could come up with an example. Let's drop the is_cow_mapping() check from page_needs_cow_for_dma(), as we know we're dealing with anonymous pages. Also, drop the handling of pinned pages from copy_huge_pud() and add a comment if ever supporting anonymous pages on the PUD level. This is a preparation for tracking exclusivity of anonymous pages in the rmap code, and disallowing marking a page shared (-> failing to duplicate) if there are GUP pins on a page. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220428083441.37290-5-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by:
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David Hildenbrand authored
Let's move the pinning check into the caller, to simplify return code logic and prepare for further changes: relocating the page_needs_cow_for_dma() into rmap handling code. While at it, remove the unused pte parameter and simplify the comments a bit. No functional change intended. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220428083441.37290-4-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by:
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David Hildenbrand authored
Let's do it just like copy_page_range(), taking the seqlock and making sure the mmap_lock is held in write mode. This allows for add a VM_BUG_ON to page_needs_cow_for_dma() and properly synchronizes concurrent fork() with GUP-fast of hugetlb pages, which will be relevant for further changes. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220428083441.37290-3-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by:
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David Hildenbrand authored
Patch series "mm: COW fixes part 2: reliable GUP pins of anonymous pages", v4. This series is the result of the discussion on the previous approach [2]. More information on the general COW issues can be found there. It is based on latest linus/master (post v5.17, with relevant core-MM changes for v5.18-rc1). This series fixes memory corruptions when a GUP pin (FOLL_PIN) was taken on an anonymous page and COW logic fails to detect exclusivity of the page to then replacing the anonymous page by a copy in the page table: The GUP pin lost synchronicity with the pages mapped into the page tables. This issue, including other related COW issues, has been summarized in [3] under 3): " 3. Intra Process Memory Corruptions due to Wrong COW (FOLL_PIN) page_maybe_dma_pinned() is used to check if a page may be pinned for DMA (using FOLL_PIN instead of FOLL_GET). While false positives are tolerable, false negatives are problematic: pages that are pinned for DMA must not be added to the swapcache. If it happens, the (now pinned) page could be faulted back from the swapcache into page tables read-only. Future write-access would detect the pinning and COW the page, losing synchronicity. For the interested reader, this is nicely documented in feb889fb ("mm: don't put pinned pages into the swap cache"). Peter reports [8] that page_maybe_dma_pinned() as used is racy in some cases and can result in a violation of the documented semantics: giving false negatives because of the race. There are cases where we call it without properly taking a per-process sequence lock, turning the usage of page_maybe_dma_pinned() racy. While one case (clear_refs SOFTDIRTY tracking, see below) seems to be easy to handle, there is especially one rmap case (shrink_page_list) that's hard to fix: in the rmap world, we're not limited to a single process. The shrink_page_list() issue is really subtle. If we race with someone pinning a page, we can trigger the same issue as in the FOLL_GET case. See the detail section at the end of this mail on a discussion how bad this can bite us with VFIO or other FOLL_PIN user. It's harder to reproduce, but I managed to modify the O_DIRECT reproducer to use io_uring fixed buffers [15] instead, which ends up using FOLL_PIN | FOLL_WRITE | FOLL_LONGTERM to pin buffer pages and can similarly trigger a loss of synchronicity and consequently a memory corruption. Again, the root issue is that a write-fault on a page that has additional references results in a COW and thereby a loss of synchronicity and consequently a memory corruption if two parties believe they are referencing the same page. " This series makes GUP pins (R/O and R/W) on anonymous pages fully reliable, especially also taking care of concurrent pinning via GUP-fast, for example, also fully fixing an issue reported regarding NUMA balancing [4] recently. While doing that, it further reduces "unnecessary COWs", especially when we don't fork()/KSM and don't swapout, and fixes the COW security for hugetlb for FOLL_PIN. In summary, we track via a pageflag (PG_anon_exclusive) whether a mapped anonymous page is exclusive. Exclusive anonymous pages that are mapped R/O can directly be mapped R/W by the COW logic in the write fault handler. Exclusive anonymous pages that want to be shared (fork(), KSM) first have to be marked shared -- which will fail if there are GUP pins on the page. GUP is only allowed to take a pin on anonymous pages that are exclusive. The PT lock is the primary mechanism to synchronize modifications of PG_anon_exclusive. We synchronize against GUP-fast either via the src_mm->write_protect_seq (during fork()) or via clear/invalidate+flush of the relevant page table entry. Special care has to be taken about swap, migration, and THPs (whereby a PMD-mapping can be converted to a PTE mapping and we have to track information for subpages). Besides these, we let the rmap code handle most magic. For reliable R/O pins of anonymous pages, we need FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE logic as part of our previous approach [2], however, it's now 100% mapcount free and I further simplified it a bit. #1 is a fix #3-#10 are mostly rmap preparations for PG_anon_exclusive handling #11 introduces PG_anon_exclusive #12 uses PG_anon_exclusive and make R/W pins of anonymous pages reliable #13 is a preparation for reliable R/O pins #14 and #15 is reused/modified GUP-triggered unsharing for R/O GUP pins make R/O pins of anonymous pages reliable #16 adds sanity check when (un)pinning anonymous pages [1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220131162940.210846-1-david@redhat.com [2] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211217113049.23850-1-david@redhat.com [3] https://lore.kernel.org/r/3ae33b08-d9ef-f846-56fb-645e3b9b4c66@redhat.com [4] https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=215616 This patch (of 17): In case arch_unmap_one() fails, we already did a swap_duplicate(). let's undo that properly via swap_free(). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220428083441.37290-1-david@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220428083441.37290-2-david@redhat.com Fixes: ca827d55 ("mm, swap: Add infrastructure for saving page metadata on swap") Signed-off-by:
Khalid Aziz <khalid.aziz@oracle.com> Acked-by:
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- 29 Apr, 2022 13 commits
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Hailong Tu authored
The timer stays active even if the reclaim mechanism is never enabled. It is unnecessary overhead can be completely avoided by using module_param_cb() for enabled flag. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220421125910.1052459-1-tuhailong@gmail.comSigned-off-by:
Hailong Tu <tuhailong@gmail.com> Reviewed-by:
SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by:
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Yu Zhe authored
Remove unnecessary void* type castings. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220421153056.8474-1-yuzhe@nfschina.comSigned-off-by:
Yu Zhe <yuzhe@nfschina.com> Cc: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: liqiong <liqiong@nfschina.com> Signed-off-by:
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SeongJae Park authored
This commit adds a simple kunit test case for DAMON operations registration feature. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220419122225.290518-1-sj@kernel.orgSigned-off-by:
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Xiaomeng Tong authored
Move these two lines into the damon_for_each_region loop, it is always for testing the last region. And also avoid to use a list iterator 'r' outside the loop which is considered harmful[1]. [1]: https://lkml.org/lkml/2022/2/17/1032 Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220328115252.31675-1-xiam0nd.tong@gmail.comSigned-off-by:
Xiaomeng Tong <xiam0nd.tong@gmail.com> Reviewed-by:
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Yosry Ahmed authored
Add a new test for memory.reclaim that verifies that the interface correctly reclaims memory as intended, from both anon and file pages. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220425190040.2475377-5-yosryahmed@google.comSigned-off-by:
Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com> Acked-by:
Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Acked-by:
David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Chen Wandun <chenwandun@huawei.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: "Michal Koutn" <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Vaibhav Jain <vaibhav@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yu Zhao <yuzhao@google.com> Cc: Zefan Li <lizefan.x@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by:
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Yosry Ahmed authored
Currently, alloc_anon_noexit() calls alloc_anon() which instantly frees the allocated memory. alloc_anon_noexit() is usually used with cg_run_nowait() to run a process in the background that allocates memory. It makes sense for the background process to keep the memory allocated and not instantly free it (otherwise there is no point of running it in the background). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220425190040.2475377-4-yosryahmed@google.comSigned-off-by:
Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Acked-by:
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Yosry Ahmed authored
Currently, cg_read()/cg_write() returns 0 on success and -1 on failure. Modify them to return the -errno on failure. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220425190040.2475377-3-yosryahmed@google.comSigned-off-by:
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Shakeel Butt authored
This patch series adds a memory.reclaim proactive reclaim interface. The rationale behind the interface and how it works are in the first patch. This patch (of 4): Introduce a memcg interface to trigger memory reclaim on a memory cgroup. Use case: Proactive Reclaim --------------------------- A userspace proactive reclaimer can continuously probe the memcg to reclaim a small amount of memory. This gives more accurate and up-to-date workingset estimation as the LRUs are continuously sorted and can potentially provide more deterministic memory overcommit behavior. The memory overcommit controller can provide more proactive response to the changing behavior of the running applications instead of being reactive. A userspace reclaimer's purpose in this case is not a complete replacement for kswapd or direct reclaim, it is to proactively identify memory savings opportunities and reclaim some amount of cold pages set by the policy to free up the memory for more demanding jobs or scheduling new jobs. A user space proactive reclaimer is used in Google data centers. Additionally, Meta's TMO paper recently referenced a very similar interface used for user space proactive reclaim: https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3503222.3507731 Benefits of a user space reclaimer: ----------------------------------- 1) More flexible on who should be charged for the cpu of the memory reclaim. For proactive reclaim, it makes more sense to be centralized. 2) More flexible on dedicating the resources (like cpu). The memory overcommit controller can balance the cost between the cpu usage and the memory reclaimed. 3) Provides a way to the applications to keep their LRUs sorted, so, under memory pressure better reclaim candidates are selected. This also gives more accurate and uptodate notion of working set for an application. Why memory.high is not enough? ------------------------------ - memory.high can be used to trigger reclaim in a memcg and can potentially be used for proactive reclaim. However there is a big downside in using memory.high. It can potentially introduce high reclaim stalls in the target application as the allocations from the processes or the threads of the application can hit the temporary memory.high limit. - Userspace proactive reclaimers usually use feedback loops to decide how much memory to proactively reclaim from a workload. The metrics used for this are usually either refaults or PSI, and these metrics will become messy if the application gets throttled by hitting the high limit. - memory.high is a stateful interface, if the userspace proactive reclaimer crashes for any reason while triggering reclaim it can leave the application in a bad state. - If a workload is rapidly expanding, setting memory.high to proactively reclaim memory can result in actually reclaiming more memory than intended. The benefits of such interface and shortcomings of existing interface were further discussed in this RFC thread: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/5df21376-7dd1-bf81-8414-32a73cea45dd@google.com/ Interface: ---------- Introducing a very simple memcg interface 'echo 10M > memory.reclaim' to trigger reclaim in the target memory cgroup. The interface is introduced as a nested-keyed file to allow for future optional arguments to be easily added to configure the behavior of reclaim. Possible Extensions: -------------------- - This interface can be extended with an additional parameter or flags to allow specifying one or more types of memory to reclaim from (e.g. file, anon, ..). - The interface can also be extended with a node mask to reclaim from specific nodes. This has use cases for reclaim-based demotion in memory tiering systens. - A similar per-node interface can also be added to support proactive reclaim and reclaim-based demotion in systems without memcg. - Add a timeout parameter to make it easier for user space to call the interface without worrying about being blocked for an undefined amount of time. For now, let's keep things simple by adding the basic functionality. [yosryahmed@google.com: worked on versions v2 onwards, refreshed to current master, updated commit message based on recent discussions and use cases] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220425190040.2475377-1-yosryahmed@google.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220425190040.2475377-2-yosryahmed@google.comSigned-off-by:
Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by:
Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Acked-by:
Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Acked-by:
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Brian Geffon authored
Today it's only possible to write back as a page, idle, or huge. A user might want to writeback pages which are huge and idle first as these idle pages do not require decompression and make a good first pass for writeback. Idle writeback specifically has the advantage that a refault is unlikely given that the page has been swapped for some amount of time without being refaulted. Huge writeback has the advantage that you're guaranteed to get the maximum benefit from a single page writeback, that is, you're reclaiming one full page of memory. Pages which are compressed in zram being written back result in some benefit which is always less than a page size because of the fact that it was compressed. The primary use of this is for minimizing refaults in situations where the device has to be sensitive to storage endurance. On ChromeOS we have devices with slow eMMC and repeated writes and refaults can negatively affect performance and endurance. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220322215821.1196994-1-bgeffon@google.comSigned-off-by:
Brian Geffon <bgeffon@google.com> Acked-by:
Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org> Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org> Signed-off-by:
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Chen Wandun authored
There is no need to update last_pgdat for each zone, only update last_pgdat when iterating the first zone of a node. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220322115635.2708989-1-chenwandun@huawei.comSigned-off-by:
Chen Wandun <chenwandun@huawei.com> Reviewed-by:
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Andrey Konovalov authored
Fix sparse warning: mm/kasan/shadow.c:496:15: warning: restricted kasan_vmalloc_flags_t degrades to integer Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/52d8fccdd3a48d4bdfd0ff522553bac2a13f1579.1649351254.git.andreyknvl@google.comSigned-off-by:
Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com> Reported-by:
kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com> Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@gmail.com> Cc: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com> Signed-off-by:
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Zqiang authored
BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at kernel/locking/spinlock_rt.c:46 in_atomic(): 1, irqs_disabled(): 1, non_block: 0, pid: 1, name: swapper/0 preempt_count: 1, expected: 0 ........... CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 5.17.1-rt16-yocto-preempt-rt #22 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS rel-1.15.0-0-g2dd4b9b3f840-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 Call Trace: <TASK> dump_stack_lvl+0x60/0x8c dump_stack+0x10/0x12 __might_resched.cold+0x13b/0x173 rt_spin_lock+0x5b/0xf0 ___cache_free+0xa5/0x180 qlist_free_all+0x7a/0x160 per_cpu_remove_cache+0x5f/0x70 smp_call_function_many_cond+0x4c4/0x4f0 on_each_cpu_cond_mask+0x49/0xc0 kasan_quarantine_remove_cache+0x54/0xf0 kasan_cache_shrink+0x9/0x10 kmem_cache_shrink+0x13/0x20 acpi_os_purge_cache+0xe/0x20 acpi_purge_cached_objects+0x21/0x6d acpi_initialize_objects+0x15/0x3b acpi_init+0x130/0x5ba do_one_initcall+0xe5/0x5b0 kernel_init_freeable+0x34f/0x3ad kernel_init+0x1e/0x140 ret_from_fork+0x22/0x30 When the kmem_cache_shrink() was called, the IPI was triggered, the ___cache_free() is called in IPI interrupt context, the local-lock or spin-lock will be acquired. On PREEMPT_RT kernel, these locks are replaced with sleepbale rt-spinlock, so the above problem is triggered. Fix it by moving the qlist_free_allfrom() from IPI interrupt context to task context when PREEMPT_RT is enabled. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: reduce ifdeffery] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220401134649.2222485-1-qiang1.zhang@intel.comSigned-off-by:
Zqiang <qiang1.zhang@intel.com> Acked-by:
Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com> Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@gmail.com> Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by:
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Baolin Wang authored
Missed calling flush_cache_range() before removing the sharing PMD entrires, otherwise data consistence issue may be occurred on some architectures whose caches are strict and require a virtual>physical translation to exist for a virtual address. Thus add it. Now no architectures enabling PMD sharing will be affected, since they do not have a VIVT cache. That means this issue can not be happened in practice so far. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/47441086affcabb6ecbe403173e9283b0d904b38.1650956489.git.baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/419b0e777c9e6d1454dcd906e0f5b752a736d335.1650781755.git.baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com Fixes: 6dfeaff9 ("hugetlb/userfaultfd: unshare all pmds for hugetlbfs when register wp") Signed-off-by:
Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Reviewed-by:
Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Reviewed-by:
Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> Signed-off-by:
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