Merge pull request #129 from zopefoundation/storage-byte-appreciation

transaction user and description: text above, bytes below

CHANGES.rst

@@ -2,6 +2,15 @@
  Change History
 ================
 
+- ZODB now translates transaction meta data, ``user`` and
+  ``description`` from text to bytes before passing them to storages,
+  and converts them back to text when retrieving them from storages in
+  the ``history``, ``undoLog`` and ``undoInfo`` methods.
+
+  The ``IDatabase`` interface was updated to reflect that ``history``,
+  ``undoLog`` and ``undoInfo`` are available on database objects.
+  (They were always available, but not documented in the interface.)
+
 5.0.1 (2016-11-17)
 ==================
 

doc/guide/transactions-and-threading.rst

@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ statement. Transaction managers are context managers, so we can use
 them with the ``with`` statement directly::
 
   with my_transaction_manager as trans:
-     trans.note("incrementing x")
+     trans.note(u"incrementing x")
      conn.root.x += 1
 
 .. -> src
@@ -181,14 +181,15 @@ So, for example, if we wanted to set a transaction note::
 
 
   with db.transaction() as conn2:
-     conn2.transaction_manager.get().note("incrementing x again")
+     conn2.transaction_manager.get().note(u"incrementing x again")
      conn2.root.x += 1
 
 .. -> src
 
    >>> exec(src)
-   >>> str(db.history(conn.root()._p_oid)[0]['description'])
-   'incrementing x again'
+   >>> (db.history(conn.root()._p_oid)[0]['description'] ==
+   ...  u'incrementing x again')
+   True
 
 Here, we used the
 :meth:`~transaction.interfaces.ITransactionManager.get` method to get

setup.py

@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ setup(name="ZODB",
         'persistent >= 4.2.0',
         'BTrees >= 4.2.0',
         'ZConfig',
-        'transaction >= 1.6.1',
+        'transaction >= 2.0.3',
         'six',
         'zc.lockfile',
         'zope.interface',

src/ZODB/BaseStorage.py

@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ class BaseStorage(UndoLogCompatible):
 
             user = transaction.user
             desc = transaction.description
-            ext = transaction._extension
+            ext = transaction.extension
             if ext:
                 ext = dumps(ext, _protocol)
             else:

src/ZODB/Connection.py

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ from persistent import PickleCache
 from persistent.interfaces import IPersistentDataManager
 from ZODB.interfaces import IConnection
 from ZODB.interfaces import IBlobStorage
+from ZODB.interfaces import IStorageTransactionMetaData
 from ZODB.blob import Blob, rename_or_copy_blob, remove_committed_dir
 from transaction.interfaces import ISavepointDataManager
 from transaction.interfaces import IDataManagerSavepoint
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ import six
 from .mvccadapter import HistoricalStorageAdapter
 
 from . import valuedoc
+from . import _compat
 
 global_reset_counter = 0
 
@@ -458,15 +460,22 @@ class Connection(ExportImport, object):
     def tpc_begin(self, transaction):
         """Begin commit of a transaction, starting the two-phase commit."""
         self._modified = []
+        meta_data = TransactionMetaData(
+            transaction.user,
+            transaction.description,
+            transaction.extension)
+        transaction.set_data(self, meta_data)
 
         # _creating is a list of oids of new objects, which is used to
         # remove them from the cache if a transaction aborts.
         self._creating.clear()
-        self._normal_storage.tpc_begin(transaction)
+        self._normal_storage.tpc_begin(meta_data)
 
     def commit(self, transaction):
         """Commit changes to an object"""
 
+        transaction = transaction.data(self)
+
         if self._savepoint_storage is not None:
 
             # We first checkpoint the current changes to the savepoint
@@ -611,6 +620,8 @@ class Connection(ExportImport, object):
                 obj._p_serial = s
 
     def tpc_abort(self, transaction):
+        transaction = transaction.data(self)
+
         if self._import:
             self._import = None
 
@@ -667,6 +678,9 @@ class Connection(ExportImport, object):
             vote = self._storage.tpc_vote
         except AttributeError:
             return
+
+        transaction = transaction.data(self)
+
         try:
             s = vote(transaction)
         except ReadConflictError as v:
@@ -683,6 +697,8 @@ class Connection(ExportImport, object):
     def tpc_finish(self, transaction):
         """Indicate confirmation that the transaction is done.
         """
+        transaction = transaction.data(self)
+
         serial = self._storage.tpc_finish(transaction)
         assert type(serial) is bytes, repr(serial)
         for oid_iterator in self._modified, self._creating:
@@ -1270,3 +1286,38 @@ large_record_size option of the ZODB.DB constructor (or the
 large-record-size option in a configuration file) to specify a larger
 size.
 """
+
+@implementer(IStorageTransactionMetaData)
+class TransactionMetaData(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, user=u'', description=u'', extension=b''):
+        if not isinstance(user, bytes):
+            user = user.encode('utf-8')
+        self.user = user
+
+        if not isinstance(description, bytes):
+            description = description.encode('utf-8')
+        self.description = description
+
+        if not isinstance(extension, dict):
+            extension = _compat.loads(extension) if extension else {}
+        self.extension = extension
+
+    def note(self, text): # for tests
+        text = text.strip()
+        if not isinstance(text, bytes):
+            text = text.encode('utf-8')
+        if self.description:
+            self.description = self.description.strip() + b' ' + text
+        else:
+            self.description = text
+
+    @property
+    def _extension(self):
+        warnings.warn("_extension is deprecated, use extension",
+                      DeprecationWarning)
+        return self.extension
+
+    @_extension.setter
+    def _extension(self, v):
+        self.extension = v

src/ZODB/DB.py

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ from . import utils
 
 from ZODB.broken import find_global
 from ZODB.utils import z64
-from ZODB.Connection import Connection
+from ZODB.Connection import Connection, TransactionMetaData
 from ZODB._compat import Pickler, _protocol, BytesIO
 import ZODB.serialize
 
@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ class DB(object):
         self.large_record_size = large_record_size
 
         # Make sure we have a root:
-        with self.transaction('initial database creation') as conn:
+        with self.transaction(u'initial database creation') as conn:
             try:
                 conn.get(z64)
             except KeyError:
@@ -901,7 +901,7 @@ class DB(object):
 
         See :meth:`ZODB.interfaces.IStorage.history`.
         """
-        return self.storage.history(oid, size)
+        return _text_transaction_info(self.storage.history(oid, size))
 
     def supportsUndo(self):
         """Return whether the database supports undo.
@@ -920,7 +920,7 @@ class DB(object):
 
         if not self.supportsUndo():
             return ()
-        return self.storage.undoLog(*args, **kw)
+        return _text_transaction_info(self.storage.undoLog(*args, **kw))
 
     def undoInfo(self, *args, **kw):
         """Return a sequence of descriptions for transactions.
@@ -929,7 +929,7 @@ class DB(object):
         """
         if not self.supportsUndo():
             return ()
-        return self.storage.undoInfo(*args, **kw)
+        return _text_transaction_info(self.storage.undoInfo(*args, **kw))
 
     def undoMultiple(self, ids, txn=None):
         """Undo multiple transactions identified by ids.
@@ -1037,19 +1037,28 @@ class TransactionalUndo(object):
         pass
 
     def tpc_begin(self, transaction):
-        self._storage.tpc_begin(transaction)
+        tdata = TransactionMetaData(
+            transaction.user,
+            transaction.description,
+            transaction.extension)
+        transaction.set_data(self, tdata)
+        self._storage.tpc_begin(tdata)
 
     def commit(self, transaction):
+        transaction = transaction.data(self)
         for tid in self._tids:
             self._storage.undo(tid, transaction)
 
     def tpc_vote(self, transaction):
+        transaction = transaction.data(self)
         self._storage.tpc_vote(transaction)
 
     def tpc_finish(self, transaction):
+        transaction = transaction.data(self)
         self._storage.tpc_finish(transaction)
 
     def tpc_abort(self, transaction):
+        transaction = transaction.data(self)
         self._storage.tpc_abort(transaction)
 
     def sortKey(self):
@@ -1064,3 +1073,12 @@ def connection(*args, **kw):
     managing a separate database object.
     """
     return DB(*args, **kw).open_then_close_db_when_connection_closes()
+
+_transaction_meta_data_text_variables = 'user_name', 'description'
+def _text_transaction_info(info):
+    for d in info:
+        for name in _transaction_meta_data_text_variables:
+            if name in d:
+                d[name] = d[name].decode('utf-8')
+
+    return info

src/ZODB/FileStorage/tests.py

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import unittest
 import ZODB.blob
 import ZODB.FileStorage
 import ZODB.tests.util
+from ZODB.Connection import TransactionMetaData
 from zope.testing import renormalizing
 
 checker = renormalizing.RENormalizing([
@@ -124,7 +125,7 @@ def pack_with_repeated_blob_records():
 
     Now, create a transaction with multiple saves:
 
-    >>> trans = tm.begin()
+    >>> trans = TransactionMetaData()
     >>> fs.tpc_begin(trans)
     >>> with open('ablob', 'w') as file:
     ...     _ = file.write('some data')
@@ -151,7 +152,7 @@ _save_index can fail for large indexes.
     >>> import ZODB.utils
     >>> fs = ZODB.FileStorage.FileStorage('data.fs')
 
-    >>> t = transaction.begin()
+    >>> t = TransactionMetaData()
     >>> fs.tpc_begin(t)
     >>> oid = 0
     >>> for i in range(5000):

src/ZODB/MappingStorage.py

@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ class TransactionRecord:
         self.tid = tid
         self.user = transaction.user
         self.description = transaction.description
-        extension = transaction._extension
+        extension = transaction.extension
         self.extension = extension
         self.data = data
 

src/ZODB/tests/BasicStorage.py

@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@ http://www.zope.org/Documentation/Developer/Models/ZODB/ZODB_Architecture_Storag
 All storages should be able to pass these tests.
 """
 from ZODB import POSException
+from ZODB.Connection import TransactionMetaData
 from ZODB.tests.MinPO import MinPO
 from ZODB.tests.StorageTestBase import zodb_unpickle, zodb_pickle
 
 import threading
 import time
-import transaction
 import zope.interface
 import zope.interface.verify
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class BasicStorage:
     def checkBasics(self):
         self.assertEqual(self._storage.lastTransaction(), ZERO)
 
-        t = transaction.Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
         self.assertRaises(POSException.StorageTransactionError,
                           self._storage.tpc_begin, t)
@@ -48,22 +48,22 @@ class BasicStorage:
         self.assertRaises(
             POSException.StorageTransactionError,
             self._storage.store,
-            ZERO, ZERO, b'', '', transaction.Transaction())
+            ZERO, ZERO, b'', '', TransactionMetaData())
 
         self.assertRaises(
             POSException.StorageTransactionError,
             self._storage.store,
-            ZERO, 1, b'2', '', transaction.Transaction())
+            ZERO, 1, b'2', '', TransactionMetaData())
 
         self.assertRaises(
             POSException.StorageTransactionError,
-            self._storage.tpc_vote, transaction.Transaction())
+            self._storage.tpc_vote, TransactionMetaData())
         self._storage.tpc_abort(t)
 
     def checkSerialIsNoneForInitialRevision(self):
         eq = self.assertEqual
         oid = self._storage.new_oid()
-        txn = transaction.Transaction()
+        txn = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(txn)
         # Use None for serial.  Don't use _dostore() here because that coerces
         # serial=None to serial=ZERO.
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ class BasicStorage:
 
     def checkWriteAfterAbort(self):
         oid = self._storage.new_oid()
-        t = transaction.Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
         self._storage.store(oid, ZERO, zodb_pickle(MinPO(5)), '', t)
         # Now abort this transaction
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ class BasicStorage:
         oid1 = self._storage.new_oid()
         revid1 = self._dostore(oid=oid1, data=MinPO(-2))
         oid = self._storage.new_oid()
-        t = transaction.Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
         self._storage.store(oid, ZERO, zodb_pickle(MinPO(5)), '', t)
         # Now abort this transaction
@@ -180,9 +180,9 @@ class BasicStorage:
 
     def checkNote(self):
         oid = self._storage.new_oid()
-        t = transaction.Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
-        t.note('this is a test')
+        t.note(u'this is a test')
         self._storage.store(oid, ZERO, zodb_pickle(MinPO(5)), '', t)
         self._storage.tpc_vote(t)
         self._storage.tpc_finish(t)
@@ -194,18 +194,14 @@ class BasicStorage:
     def checkMultipleEmptyTransactions(self):
         # There was a bug in handling empty transactions in mapping
         # storage that caused the commit lock not to be released. :(
-        transaction.begin()
-        t = transaction.get()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
         self._storage.tpc_vote(t)
         self._storage.tpc_finish(t)
-        t.commit()
-        transaction.begin()
-        t = transaction.get()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)      # Hung here before
         self._storage.tpc_vote(t)
         self._storage.tpc_finish(t)
-        t.commit()
 
     def _do_store_in_separate_thread(self, oid, revid, voted):
         # We'll run the competing trans in a separate thread:
@@ -224,8 +220,7 @@ class BasicStorage:
 
         #----------------------------------------------------------------------
         # stale read
-        transaction.begin()
-        t = transaction.get()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
         try:
             self._storage.store(b'\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\xf1',
@@ -243,8 +238,7 @@ class BasicStorage:
 
         #----------------------------------------------------------------------
         # non-stale read, no stress. :)
-        transaction.begin()
-        t = transaction.get()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
         self._storage.store(b'\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\xf2',
                             b'\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0', data, '', t)
@@ -255,8 +249,7 @@ class BasicStorage:
         #----------------------------------------------------------------------
         # non-stale read, competition after vote.  The competing
         # transaction must produce a tid > this transaction's tid
-        transaction.begin()
-        t = transaction.get()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
         self._storage.store(b'\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\xf3',
                             b'\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0', data, '', t)
@@ -275,8 +268,7 @@ class BasicStorage:
 
         #----------------------------------------------------------------------
         # non-stale competing trans after checkCurrentSerialInTransaction
-        transaction.begin()
-        t = transaction.get()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
         self._storage.store(b'\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\xf4',
                             b'\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0', data, '', t)
@@ -312,7 +304,7 @@ class BasicStorage:
         # verify that a storage gets it right.
 
         # First, some initial data.
-        t = transaction.get()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
         self._storage.store(ZERO, ZERO, b'x', '', t)
         self._storage.tpc_vote(t)
@@ -322,7 +314,7 @@ class BasicStorage:
         # OK, now we'll start a new transaction, take it to finish,
         # and then block finish while we do some other operations.
 
-        t = transaction.get()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
         self._storage.store(ZERO, tids[0], b'y', '', t)
         self._storage.tpc_vote(t)

src/ZODB/tests/ConflictResolution.py

@@ -14,9 +14,10 @@
 """Tests for application-level conflict resolution."""
 
 from ZODB import DB
+from ZODB.Connection import TransactionMetaData
 from ZODB.POSException import ConflictError, UndoError
 from persistent import Persistent
-from transaction import Transaction, TransactionManager
+from transaction import TransactionManager
 
 from ZODB.tests.StorageTestBase import zodb_unpickle, zodb_pickle
 
@@ -148,7 +149,7 @@ class ConflictResolvingTransUndoStorage:
         # Start the undo
         info = self._storage.undoInfo()
         tid = info[1]['id']
-        t = Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
         self._storage.undo(tid, t)
         self._storage.tpc_vote(t)
@@ -170,6 +171,6 @@ class ConflictResolvingTransUndoStorage:
         # Start the undo
         info = self._storage.undoInfo()
         tid = info[1]['id']
-        t = Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self.assertRaises(UndoError, self._begin_undos_vote, t, tid)
         self._storage.tpc_abort(t)

src/ZODB/tests/IExternalGC.test

@@ -41,7 +41,8 @@ Now we'll use the new deleteObject API to delete the objects. We can't
 go through the database to do this, so we'll have to manage the
 transaction ourselves.
 
-    >>> txn = transaction.begin()
+    >>> from ZODB.Connection import TransactionMetaData
+    >>> txn = TransactionMetaData()
     >>> storage.tpc_begin(txn)
     >>> storage.deleteObject(oid0, s0, txn)
     >>> storage.deleteObject(oid1, s1, txn)
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ isn't current:
     >>> conn.root()[0].x = 1
     >>> transaction.commit()
 
-    >>> txn = transaction.begin()
+    >>> txn = TransactionMetaData()
     >>> storage.tpc_begin(txn)
     >>> storage.deleteObject(oid, bad_serial, txn); storage.tpc_vote(txn)
     ... # doctest: +ELLIPSIS

src/ZODB/tests/IteratorStorage.py

@@ -18,12 +18,11 @@ all these tests.
 
 """
 
+from ZODB.Connection import TransactionMetaData
 from ZODB.tests.MinPO import MinPO
 from ZODB.tests.StorageTestBase import zodb_pickle, zodb_unpickle
 from ZODB.utils import U64, p64, load_current
 
-from transaction import Transaction
-
 import ZODB.blob
 
 try:
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ class IteratorStorage(IteratorCompare):
         info = self._storage.undoInfo()
         tid = info[0]['id']
         # Undo the creation of the object, rendering it a zombie
-        t = Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
         oids = self._storage.undo(tid, t)
         self._storage.tpc_vote(t)
@@ -105,7 +104,7 @@ class IteratorStorage(IteratorCompare):
         # Then the code in FileIterator.next() hasn't yet been fixed.
         # Should automate that check.
         oid = self._storage.new_oid()
-        t = Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         data = zodb_pickle(MinPO(0))
         try:
             self._storage.tpc_begin(t)

src/ZODB/tests/MTStorage.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import six
 import transaction
 
 import ZODB
+from ZODB.Connection import TransactionMetaData
 from ZODB.tests.StorageTestBase import zodb_pickle, zodb_unpickle
 from ZODB.tests.MinPO import MinPO
 from ZODB.POSException import ConflictError
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ class StorageClientThread(TestThread):
 
     def dostore(self, i):
         data = zodb_pickle(MinPO((self.getName(), i)))
-        t = transaction.Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         oid = self.oid()
         self.pause()
 

src/ZODB/tests/PackableStorage.py

@@ -144,13 +144,13 @@ class PackableStorageBase:
         try:
             load_current(self._storage, ZERO)
         except KeyError:
-            from transaction import Transaction
+            from ZODB.Connection import TransactionMetaData
             file = BytesIO()
             p = Pickler(file, _protocol)
             p.dump((PersistentMapping, None))
             p.dump({'_container': {}})
-            t=Transaction()
-            t.description='initial database creation'
+            t = TransactionMetaData()
+            t.description = u'initial database creation'
             self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
             self._storage.store(ZERO, None, file.getvalue(), '', t)
             self._storage.tpc_vote(t)
@@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ class PackableUndoStorage(PackableStorageBase):
         root = conn.root()
 
         txn = transaction.get()
-        txn.note('root')
+        txn.note(u'root')
         txn.commit()
 
         now = packtime = time.time()
@@ -587,12 +587,12 @@ class PackableUndoStorage(PackableStorageBase):
 
         root['obj'] = obj
         txn = transaction.get()
-        txn.note('root -> o1')
+        txn.note(u'root -> o1')
         txn.commit()
 
         del root['obj']
         txn = transaction.get()
-        txn.note('root -x-> o1')
+        txn.note(u'root -x-> o1')
         txn.commit()
 
         self._storage.pack(packtime, referencesf)
@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ class PackableUndoStorage(PackableStorageBase):
         tid = log[0]['id']
         db.undo(tid)
         txn = transaction.get()
-        txn.note('undo root -x-> o1')
+        txn.note(u'undo root -x-> o1')
         txn.commit()
 
         conn.sync()

src/ZODB/tests/ReadOnlyStorage.py

@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
 # FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 #
 ##############################################################################
+from ZODB.Connection import TransactionMetaData
 from ZODB.POSException import ReadOnlyError, Unsupported
-import transaction
 
 from ZODB.utils import load_current
 
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class ReadOnlyStorage:
     def checkWriteMethods(self):
         self._make_readonly()
         self.assertRaises(ReadOnlyError, self._storage.new_oid)
-        t = transaction.Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self.assertRaises(ReadOnlyError, self._storage.tpc_begin, t)
 
         self.assertRaises(ReadOnlyError, self._storage.store,

src/ZODB/tests/RecoveryStorage.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 """More recovery and iterator tests."""
 
 import transaction
-from transaction import Transaction
+from ZODB.Connection import TransactionMetaData
 from ZODB.tests.IteratorStorage import IteratorDeepCompare
 from ZODB.tests.StorageTestBase import MinPO, snooze
 from ZODB import DB
@@ -73,15 +73,15 @@ class RecoveryStorage(IteratorDeepCompare):
         root = conn.root()
         root.obj = obj1 = MinPO(1)
         txn = transaction.get()
-        txn.note('root -> obj')
+        txn.note(u'root -> obj')
         txn.commit()
         root.obj.obj = obj2 = MinPO(2)
         txn = transaction.get()
-        txn.note('root -> obj -> obj')
+        txn.note(u'root -> obj -> obj')
         txn.commit()
         del root.obj
         txn = transaction.get()
-        txn.note('root -X->')
+        txn.note(u'root -X->')
         txn.commit()
         # Now copy the transactions to the destination
         self._dst.copyTransactionsFrom(self._storage)
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ class RecoveryStorage(IteratorDeepCompare):
         # Undo the attribute creation.
         info = self._storage.undoInfo()
         tid = info[0]['id']
-        t = Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
         oids = self._storage.undo(tid, t)
         self._storage.tpc_vote(t)
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ class RecoveryStorage(IteratorDeepCompare):
         # Undo the undo (restore the attributes).
         info = self._storage.undoInfo()
         tid = info[0]['id']
-        t = Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
         oids = self._storage.undo(tid, t)
         self._storage.tpc_vote(t)

src/ZODB/tests/RevisionStorage.py

@@ -13,12 +13,11 @@
 ##############################################################################
 """Check loadSerial() on storages that support historical revisions."""
 
+from ZODB.Connection import TransactionMetaData
 from ZODB.tests.MinPO import MinPO
 from ZODB.tests.StorageTestBase import zodb_unpickle, zodb_pickle, snooze
 from ZODB.utils import p64, u64, load_current
 
-import transaction
-
 ZERO = '\0'*8
 
 class RevisionStorage:
@@ -142,7 +141,7 @@ class RevisionStorage:
         oid = self._storage.new_oid()
         def helper(tid, revid, x):
             data = zodb_pickle(MinPO(x))
-            t = transaction.Transaction()
+            t = TransactionMetaData()
             try:
                 self._storage.tpc_begin(t, p64(tid))
                 self._storage.store(oid, revid, data, '', t)

src/ZODB/tests/StorageTestBase.py

@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ single object revision.
 from __future__ import print_function
 import sys
 import time
-import transaction
 
+from ZODB.Connection import TransactionMetaData
 from ZODB.utils import u64, z64
 from ZODB.tests.MinPO import MinPO
 from ZODB._compat import PersistentPickler, Unpickler, BytesIO, _protocol
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ class StorageTestBase(ZODB.tests.util.TestCase):
         if not already_pickled:
             data = zodb_pickle(data)
         # Begin the transaction
-        t = transaction.Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         if user is not None:
             t.user = user
         if description is not None:
@@ -170,8 +170,8 @@ class StorageTestBase(ZODB.tests.util.TestCase):
     def _undo(self, tid, expected_oids=None, note=None):
         # Undo a tid that affects a single object (oid).
         # This is very specialized.
-        t = transaction.Transaction()
-        t.note(note or "undo")
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
+        t.note(note or u"undo")
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
         undo_result = self._storage.undo(tid, t)
         vote_result = self._storage.tpc_vote(t)

src/ZODB/tests/Synchronization.py

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ tested?  Is it a general restriction?
 
 """
 
-from transaction import Transaction
+from ZODB.Connection import TransactionMetaData
 from ZODB.POSException import StorageTransactionError
 
 OID = "\000" * 8
@@ -75,43 +75,43 @@ class SynchronizedStorage:
         self.assertRaises(StorageTransactionError, callable, *args)
 
     def verifyWrongTrans(self, callable, *args):
-        t = Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
         self.assertRaises(StorageTransactionError, callable, *args)
         self._storage.tpc_abort(t)
 
     def checkStoreNotCommitting(self):
         self.verifyNotCommitting(self._storage.store,
-                                 OID, SERIALNO, b"", "", Transaction())
+                                 OID, SERIALNO, b"", "", TransactionMetaData())
 
     def checkStoreWrongTrans(self):
         self.verifyWrongTrans(self._storage.store,
-                              OID, SERIALNO, b"", "", Transaction())
+                              OID, SERIALNO, b"", "", TransactionMetaData())
 
     def checkAbortNotCommitting(self):
-        self._storage.tpc_abort(Transaction())
+        self._storage.tpc_abort(TransactionMetaData())
 
     def checkAbortWrongTrans(self):
-        t = Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
-        self._storage.tpc_abort(Transaction())
+        self._storage.tpc_abort(TransactionMetaData())
         self._storage.tpc_abort(t)
 
     def checkFinishNotCommitting(self):
-        t = Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self.assertRaises(StorageTransactionError,
                           self._storage.tpc_finish, t)
         self._storage.tpc_abort(t)
 
     def checkFinishWrongTrans(self):
-        t = Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
         self.assertRaises(StorageTransactionError,
-                          self._storage.tpc_finish, Transaction())
+                          self._storage.tpc_finish, TransactionMetaData())
         self._storage.tpc_abort(t)
 
     def checkBeginCommitting(self):
-        t = Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
         self._storage.tpc_abort(t)
 

src/ZODB/tests/TransactionalUndoStorage.py

@@ -17,11 +17,14 @@ Any storage that supports undo() must pass these tests.
 """
 import time
 
+from six import PY3
+
 from persistent import Persistent
 import transaction
 from transaction import Transaction
 
 from ZODB import POSException
+from ZODB.Connection import TransactionMetaData
 from ZODB.serialize import referencesf
 from ZODB.utils import p64, load_current
 from ZODB import DB
@@ -53,7 +56,7 @@ def listeq(L1, L2):
 class TransactionalUndoStorage:
 
     def _multi_obj_transaction(self, objs):
-        t = Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
         for oid, rev, data in objs:
             self._storage.store(oid, rev, data, '', t)
@@ -82,7 +85,7 @@ class TransactionalUndoStorage:
         return oids
 
     def undo(self, tid, note=None):
-        t = Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         if note is not None:
             t.note(note)
         oids = self._begin_undos_vote(t, tid)
@@ -182,7 +185,7 @@ class TransactionalUndoStorage:
         oid2 = self._storage.new_oid()
         revid1 = revid2 = ZERO
         # Store two objects in the same transaction
-        t = Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
         self._storage.store(oid1, revid1, p31, '', t)
         self._storage.store(oid2, revid2, p51, '', t)
@@ -190,7 +193,7 @@ class TransactionalUndoStorage:
         self._storage.tpc_vote(t)
         tid = self._storage.tpc_finish(t)
         # Update those same two objects
-        t = Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
         self._storage.store(oid1, tid, p32, '', t)
         self._storage.store(oid2, tid, p52, '', t)
@@ -242,7 +245,7 @@ class TransactionalUndoStorage:
         info = self._storage.undoInfo()
         tid = info[0]['id']
         tid1 = info[1]['id']
-        t = Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         oids = self._begin_undos_vote(t, tid, tid1)
         serial = self._storage.tpc_finish(t)
         # We may get the finalization stuff called an extra time,
@@ -275,7 +278,7 @@ class TransactionalUndoStorage:
         revid1 = self._dostore(oid1, data=p31, already_pickled=1)
         revid2 = self._dostore(oid2, data=p51, already_pickled=1)
         # Update those same two objects
-        t = Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
         self._storage.store(oid1, revid1, p32, '', t)
         self._storage.store(oid2, revid2, p52, '', t)
@@ -291,7 +294,7 @@ class TransactionalUndoStorage:
         eq(zodb_unpickle(data), MinPO(51))
         # Like the above, but this time, the second transaction contains only
         # one object.
-        t = Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
         self._storage.store(oid1, revid1, p33, '', t)
         self._storage.store(oid2, revid2, p53, '', t)
@@ -320,7 +323,7 @@ class TransactionalUndoStorage:
         # Start the undo
         info = self._storage.undoInfo()
         tid = info[1]['id']
-        t = Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self.assertRaises(POSException.UndoError,
                           self._begin_undos_vote, t, tid)
         self._storage.tpc_abort(t)
@@ -334,7 +337,7 @@ class TransactionalUndoStorage:
         p81, p82, p91, p92 = map(zodb_pickle,
                                  map(MinPO, (81, 82, 91, 92)))
 
-        t = Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
         self._storage.store(oid1, revid1, p81, '', t)
         self._storage.store(oid2, revid2, p91, '', t)
@@ -352,7 +355,7 @@ class TransactionalUndoStorage:
         self.assertNotEqual(tid, revid2)
         info = self._storage.undoInfo()
         tid = info[1]['id']
-        t = Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self.assertRaises(POSException.UndoError,
                           self._begin_undos_vote, t, tid)
         self._storage.tpc_abort(t)
@@ -411,7 +414,7 @@ class TransactionalUndoStorage:
         root['obj'] = o1
         o1.obj = o2
         txn = transaction.get()
-        txn.note('o1 -> o2')
+        txn.note(u'o1 -> o2')
         txn.commit()
         now = packtime = time.time()
         while packtime <= now:
@@ -420,12 +423,12 @@ class TransactionalUndoStorage:
         o3 = C()
         o2.obj = o3
         txn = transaction.get()
-        txn.note('o1 -> o2 -> o3')
+        txn.note(u'o1 -> o2 -> o3')
         txn.commit()
 
         o1.obj = o3
         txn = transaction.get()
-        txn.note('o1 -> o3')
+        txn.note(u'o1 -> o3')
         txn.commit()
 
         log = self._storage.undoLog()
@@ -443,7 +446,7 @@ class TransactionalUndoStorage:
         tid = log[0]['id']
         db.undo(tid)
         txn = transaction.get()
-        txn.note('undo')
+        txn.note(u'undo')
         txn.commit()
         # undo does a txn-undo, but doesn't invalidate
         conn.sync()
@@ -470,14 +473,14 @@ class TransactionalUndoStorage:
         root["key1"] = MinPO(1)
         root["key2"] = MinPO(2)
         txn = transaction.get()
-        txn.note("create 3 keys")
+        txn.note(u"create 3 keys")
         txn.commit()
 
         set_pack_time()
 
         del root["key1"]
         txn = transaction.get()
-        txn.note("delete 1 key")
+        txn.note(u"delete 1 key")
         txn.commit()
 
         set_pack_time()
@@ -489,7 +492,7 @@ class TransactionalUndoStorage:
         L = db.undoInfo()
         db.undo(L[0]["id"])
         txn = transaction.get()
-        txn.note("undo deletion")
+        txn.note(u"undo deletion")
         txn.commit()
 
         set_pack_time()
@@ -521,7 +524,7 @@ class TransactionalUndoStorage:
         transaction.commit()
         rt["test"] = MinPO(3)
         txn = transaction.get()
-        txn.note("root of undo")
+        txn.note(u"root of undo")
         txn.commit()
 
         packtimes = []
@@ -529,7 +532,7 @@ class TransactionalUndoStorage:
             L = db.undoInfo()
             db.undo(L[0]["id"])
             txn = transaction.get()
-            txn.note("undo %d" % i)
+            txn.note(u"undo %d" % i)
             txn.commit()
             rt._p_deactivate()
             cn.sync()
@@ -570,7 +573,7 @@ class TransactionalUndoStorage:
 
         orig = []
         for i in range(BATCHES):
-            t = Transaction()
+            t = TransactionMetaData()
             tid = p64(i + 1)
             s.tpc_begin(t, tid)
             for j in range(OBJECTS):
@@ -593,7 +596,7 @@ class TransactionalUndoStorage:
 
         def undo(i):
             info = s.undoInfo()
-            t = Transaction()
+            t = TransactionMetaData()
             s.tpc_begin(t)
             base = i * OBJECTS + i
             for j in range(OBJECTS):
@@ -646,9 +649,9 @@ class TransactionalUndoStorage:
     def checkUndoLogMetadata(self):
         # test that the metadata is correct in the undo log
         t = transaction.get()
-        t.note('t1')
+        t.note(u't1')
         t.setExtendedInfo('k2', 'this is transaction metadata')
-        t.setUser('u3',path='p3')
+        t.setUser(u'u3',path=u'p3')
         db = DB(self._storage)
         conn = db.open()
         root = conn.root()
@@ -733,7 +736,8 @@ class TransactionalUndoStorage:
 
         for i in range(4):
             with db.transaction() as conn:
-                conn.transaction_manager.get().note(str(i))
+                conn.transaction_manager.get().note(
+                    (str if PY3 else unicode)(i))
                 conn.root.x.inc()
 
         ids = [l['id'] for l in db.undoLog(1, 3)]

src/ZODB/tests/blob_transaction.txt

@@ -377,7 +377,8 @@ If a transaction is aborted in the middle of 2-phase commit, any data
 stored are discarded.
 
     >>> olddata, oldserial = blob_storage.load(blob._p_oid, '')
-    >>> t = transaction.get()
+    >>> from ZODB.Connection import TransactionMetaData
+    >>> t = TransactionMetaData()
     >>> blob_storage.tpc_begin(t)
     >>> with open('blobfile', 'wb') as file:
     ...     _ = file.write(b'This data should go away')

src/ZODB/tests/dangle.py

@@ -30,19 +30,19 @@ def create_dangling_ref(db):
     rt = db.open().root()
 
     rt[1] = o1 = P()
-    transaction.get().note("create o1")
+    transaction.get().note(u"create o1")
     transaction.commit()
 
     rt[2] = o2 = P()
-    transaction.get().note("create o2")
+    transaction.get().note(u"create o2")
     transaction.commit()
 
     c = o1.child = P()
-    transaction.get().note("set child on o1")
+    transaction.get().note(u"set child on o1")
     transaction.commit()
 
     o1.child = P()
-    transaction.get().note("replace child on o1")
+    transaction.get().note(u"replace child on o1")
     transaction.commit()
 
     time.sleep(2)
@@ -53,11 +53,11 @@ def create_dangling_ref(db):
 
     print(repr(c._p_oid))
     o2.child = c
-    transaction.get().note("set child on o2")
+    transaction.get().note(u"set child on o2")
     transaction.commit()
 
 def main():
-    fs = FileStorage("dangle.fs")
+    fs = FileStorage(u"dangle.fs")
     db = DB(fs)
     create_dangling_ref(db)
     db.close()

src/ZODB/tests/testConnection.py

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ import sys
 import unittest
 
 import transaction
+from transaction import Transaction
+
 import ZODB.tests.util
 from ZODB.config import databaseFromString
 from ZODB.utils import p64, u64, z64
@@ -52,7 +54,7 @@ class ConnectionDotAdd(ZODB.tests.util.TestCase):
         self.db = StubDatabase()
         self.datamgr = Connection(self.db)
         self.datamgr.open()
-        self.transaction = StubTransaction()
+        self.transaction = Transaction()
 
     def test_add(self):
         from ZODB.POSException import InvalidObjectReference
@@ -492,7 +494,7 @@ def doctest_transaction_retry_convenience():
     >>> import ZODB.POSException
     >>> for attempt in transaction.manager.attempts():
     ...     with attempt as t:
-    ...         t.note('test')
+    ...         t.note(u'test')
     ...         six.print_(dm['ntry'], ntry)
     ...         ntry += 1
     ...         dm['ntry'] = ntry
@@ -700,7 +702,6 @@ def doctest_readCurrent():
     >>> bad = set()
     >>> def checkCurrentSerialInTransaction(oid, serial, trans):
     ...     six.print_('checkCurrentSerialInTransaction', repr(oid))
-    ...     if trans != transaction.get(): print('oops')
     ...     if oid in bad:
     ...         raise ReadConflictError(oid=oid)
 
@@ -1192,9 +1193,6 @@ class EstimatedSizeTests(ZODB.tests.util.TestCase):
 class StubObject(Persistent):
     pass
 
-class StubTransaction:
-    pass
-
 class ErrorOnGetstateException(Exception):
     pass
 

src/ZODB/tests/testDB.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 # FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 #
 ##############################################################################
+from six import PY2
 
 from ZODB.tests.MinPO import MinPO
 import doctest
@@ -75,6 +76,39 @@ class DBTests(ZODB.tests.util.TestCase):
         import ZODB.serialize
         self.assertTrue(self.db.references is ZODB.serialize.referencesf)
 
+    def test_history_and_undo_meta_data_text_handlinf(self):
+        db = self.db
+        conn = db.open()
+        for i in range(3):
+            with conn.transaction_manager as t:
+                t.note(u'work %s' % i)
+                t.setUser(u'user%s' % i)
+                conn.root()[i] = 42
+
+        conn.close()
+
+        from ZODB.utils import z64
+
+        def check(info, text):
+            for i, h in enumerate(reversed(info)):
+                for (name, expect) in (('description', 'work %s'),
+                                       ('user_name', '/ user%s')):
+                    expect = expect % i
+                    if not text:
+                        expect = expect.encode('ascii')
+                    self.assertEqual(h[name], expect)
+
+                if PY2:
+                    expect = unicode if text else str
+                    for name in 'description', 'user_name':
+                        self.assertTrue(isinstance(h[name], expect))
+
+        check(db.storage.history(z64, 3), False)
+        check(db.storage.undoLog(0, 3)  , False)
+        check(db.storage.undoInfo(0, 3) , False)
+        check(db.history(z64, 3), True)
+        check(db.undoLog(0, 3)  , True)
+        check(db.undoInfo(0, 3) , True)
 
 def test_invalidateCache():
     """The invalidateCache method invalidates a connection caches for all of

src/ZODB/tests/testFileStorage.py

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import ZODB.tests.testblob
 import zope.testing.setupstack
 from ZODB import POSException
 from ZODB import DB
+from ZODB.Connection import TransactionMetaData
 from ZODB.fsIndex import fsIndex
 from ZODB.utils import U64, p64, z64, load_current
 
@@ -182,7 +183,7 @@ class FileStorageTests(
         # If .store() is handed an oid bigger than the storage knows
         # about already, it's crucial that the storage bump its notion
         # of the largest oid in use.
-        t = transaction.Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
         giant_oid = b'\xee' * 8
         # Store an object.
@@ -199,7 +200,7 @@ class FileStorageTests(
         # knows about already, it's crucial that the storage bump its notion
         # of the largest oid in use.  Because copyTransactionsFrom(), and
         # ZRS recovery, use the .restore() method, this is plain critical.
-        t = transaction.Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
         giant_oid = b'\xee' * 8
         # Store an object.
@@ -289,7 +290,7 @@ class FileStorageTests(
     def checkFlushAfterTruncate(self, fail=False):
         r0 = self._dostore(z64)
         storage = self._storage
-        t = transaction.Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         storage.tpc_begin(t)
         storage.store(z64, r0, b'foo', b'', t)
         storage.tpc_vote(t)
@@ -421,7 +422,7 @@ class AnalyzeDotPyTest(StorageTestBase.StorageTestBase):
             self._storage.store(oid, revid, data, "", t)
 
         for i in range(2):
-            t = transaction.Transaction()
+            t = TransactionMetaData()
             self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
 
             # sometimes data is in this format

src/ZODB/tests/testMVCCMappingStorage.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import unittest
 
 from persistent.mapping import PersistentMapping
 import transaction
+from ZODB.Connection import TransactionMetaData
 from ZODB.DB import DB
 from ZODB.tests.MVCCMappingStorage import MVCCMappingStorage
 import ZODB.blob
@@ -83,11 +84,11 @@ class MVCCTests:
 
             storage = c1._storage
             t = transaction.Transaction()
-            t.description = 'isolation test 1'
-            storage.tpc_begin(t)
+            t.description = u'isolation test 1'
+            c1.tpc_begin(t)
             c1.commit(t)
-            storage.tpc_vote(t)
-            storage.tpc_finish(t)
+            storage.tpc_vote(t.data(c1))
+            storage.tpc_finish(t.data(c1))
 
             # The second connection will now load root['alpha'], but due to
             # MVCC, it should continue to see the old state.
@@ -109,11 +110,11 @@ class MVCCTests:
 
             storage = c1._storage
             t = transaction.Transaction()
-            t.description = 'isolation test 2'
-            storage.tpc_begin(t)
+            t.description = u'isolation test 2'
+            c1.tpc_begin(t)
             c1.commit(t)
-            storage.tpc_vote(t)
-            storage.tpc_finish(t)
+            storage.tpc_vote(t.data(c1))
+            storage.tpc_finish(t.data(c1))
 
             # The second connection will now load root[3], but due to MVCC,
             # it should continue to see the old state.
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ class MVCCMappingStorageTests(
         import time
         from ZODB.utils import newTid
         from ZODB.TimeStamp import TimeStamp
-        t = transaction.Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
         self._storage.tpc_vote(t)
         self._storage.tpc_finish(t)
@@ -173,7 +174,7 @@ class MVCCMappingStorageTests(
         transactions[fake_timestamp] = transactions.values()[0]
 
         # Verify the next transaction comes after the fake transaction
-        t = transaction.Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         self._storage.tpc_begin(t)
         self.assertEqual(self._storage._tid, b'zzzzzzzz')
 

src/ZODB/tests/testPersistentMapping.py

@@ -23,9 +23,8 @@ old code, developers will have a hard time testing the new code.
 import unittest
 import sys
 
-from transaction import Transaction
-
 import ZODB
+from ZODB.Connection import TransactionMetaData
 from ZODB.MappingStorage import MappingStorage
 
 from six import PY2
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ class PMTests(unittest.TestCase):
             return
         # insert the pickle in place of the root
         s = MappingStorage()
-        t = Transaction()
+        t = TransactionMetaData()
         s.tpc_begin(t)
         s.store('\000' * 8, None, pickle, '', t)
         s.tpc_vote(t)

src/ZODB/tests/testZODB.py

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class ZODBTests(ZODB.tests.util.TestCase):
         root['test'] = pm = PersistentMapping()
         for n in range(100):
             pm[n] = PersistentMapping({0: 100 - n})
-        transaction.get().note('created test data')
+        transaction.get().note(u'created test data')
         transaction.commit()
         conn.close()
 
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class ZODBTests(ZODB.tests.util.TestCase):
 
     def duplicate(self, conn, abort_it):
         transaction.begin()
-        transaction.get().note('duplication')
+        transaction.get().note(u'duplication')
         root = conn.root()
         ob = root['test']
         assert len(ob) > 10, 'Insufficient test data'
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ class ZODBTests(ZODB.tests.util.TestCase):
             for state_num in range(6):
                 transaction.begin()
                 root['state'] = state_num
-                transaction.get().note('root["state"] = %d' % state_num)
+                transaction.get().note(u'root["state"] = %d' % state_num)
                 transaction.commit()
 
             # Undo all but the first.  Note that no work is actually
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ class ZODBTests(ZODB.tests.util.TestCase):
             log = self._db.undoLog()
             self._db.undoMultiple([log[i]['id'] for i in range(5)])
 
-            transaction.get().note('undo states 1 through 5')
+            transaction.get().note(u'undo states 1 through 5')
 
             # Now attempt all those undo operations.
             transaction.commit()

src/ZODB/tests/test_fsdump.py

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ Let's add a BTree:
 
 >>> root = db.open().root()
 >>> root['tree'] = OOBTree()
->>> txn.get().note('added an OOBTree')
+>>> txn.get().note(u'added an OOBTree')
 >>> txn.get().commit()
 >>> fsdump(path) #doctest: +ELLIPSIS
 Trans #00000 tid=... time=... offset=<OFFSET>

src/ZODB/tests/testfsoids.py

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ Let's add a BTree and try again:
 
 >>> root = db.open().root()
 >>> root['tree'] = OOBTree()
->>> txn.get().note('added an OOBTree')
+>>> txn.get().note(u'added an OOBTree')
 >>> txn.get().commit()
 >>> t = Tracer(path)
 >>> t.register_oids(0, 1)
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ One more, storing a reference in the BTree back to the root object:
 
 >>> tree = root['tree']
 >>> tree['root'] = root
->>> txn.get().note('circling back to the root')
+>>> txn.get().note(u'circling back to the root')
 >>> txn.get().commit()
 >>> t = Tracer(path)
 >>> t.register_oids(0, 1, 2)

src/ZODB/tests/util.py

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import transaction
 import unittest
 import warnings
 import ZODB.utils
+from ZODB.Connection import TransactionMetaData
 import zope.testing.setupstack
 from zope.testing import renormalizing
 
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ def store(storage, oid, value='x', serial=ZODB.utils.z64):
         oid = ZODB.utils.p64(oid)
     if not isinstance(serial, bytes):
         serial = ZODB.utils.p64(serial)
-    t = transaction.get()
+    t = TransactionMetaData()
     storage.tpc_begin(t)
     storage.store(oid, serial, value, '', t)
     storage.tpc_vote(t)