.. Converse.js documentation master file, created by
   sphinx-quickstart on Fri Apr 26 20:48:03 2013.
   You can adapt this file completely to your liking, but it should at least
   contain the root `toctree` directive.

.. toctree::
   :maxdepth: 2

.. contents:: Table of Contents
   :depth: 3
   :local:


=========================================
Quickstart (to get a demo up and running)
=========================================

When you download a specific release of *Converse.js* there will be two minified files inside the zip file.

* builds/converse.min.js
* css/converse.min.css

You can include these two files inside the *<head>* element of your website via the *script* and *link*
tags:

::

    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="css/converse.min.css">
    <script src="builds/converse.min.js"></script>

You need to initialize Converse.js with configuration settings according to
your requirements.

Please refer to the `Configuration variables`_ section further below for info on
all the available configuration settings.

To configure Converse.js, put the following inline Javascript code at the
bottom of your page (after the closing *</body>* element).

::

    require(['converse'], function (converse) {
        converse.initialize({
            auto_list_rooms: false,
            auto_subscribe: false,
            bosh_service_url: 'https://bind.conversejs.org', // Please use this connection manager only for testing purposes
            hide_muc_server: false,
            i18n: locales.en, // Refer to ./locale/locales.js to see which locales are supported
            prebind: false,
            show_controlbox_by_default: true,
            roster_groups: true
        });
    });

The `index.html <https://github.com/jcbrand/converse.js/blob/master/index.html>`_ file inside the
Converse.js repository may serve as a nice usable example.

These minified files provide the same demo-like functionality as is available
on the `conversejs.org <http://conversejs.org>`_ website. Useful for testing or demoing.

You'll most likely want to implement some kind of single persistent session solution for
your website, where users authenticate once in your website and then stay
logged in to their XMPP session upon the next page reload.

For more info on this, read: `Prebinding and Single Session Support`_.

You might also want to have more fine-grained control of what gets included in
the minified Javascript file. Read `Configuration`_ and `Minification`_ for more info on how to do
that.


============
Introduction
============

Even though you can connect to public XMPP servers on the `conversejs.org`_
website, *Converse.js* is not really meant to be a "Software-as-a-service" (SaaS)
webchat.

Instead, its goal is to provide the means for website owners to add a tightly
integrated instant messaging service to their own websites.

As a website owner, you are expected to host *Converse.js* yourself, and to do some legwork to
properly configure and integrate it into your site.

The benefit in doing this, is that your users have a much more streamlined and integrated
webchat experience and that you have control over the data. The latter being a
requirement for many sites dealing with sensitive information.

You'll need to set up your own XMPP server and in order to have
`Session Support`_ (i.e. single-signon functionality whereby users are authenticated once and stay
logged in to XMPP upon page reload) you will likely also have to add some server-side
code.

The `What you will need`_ section has more information on all these
requirements.


========
Features
========

Off-the-record encryption
=========================

Converse.js supports `Off-the-record (OTR) <https://otr.cypherpunks.ca/>`_
encrypted messaging.

The OTR protocol not only **encrypts your messages**, it provides ways to
**verify the identity** of the person you are talking to,
**plausible deniability** and **perfect forward secrecy** by generating
new encryption keys for each conversation.

In its current state, Javascript cryptography is fraught with dangers and
challenges that make it impossible to reach the same standard of security that
is available with native "desktop" software.

This is due to its runtime malleability, the way it is "installed" (e.g.
served) and the browser's lack of cryptographic primitives needed to implement
secure crypto.

For harsh but fairly valid criticism of Javascript cryptography, read:
`Javascript Cryptography Considered Harmful <http://www.matasano.com/articles/javascript-cryptography/>`_.

To get an idea on how this applies to OTR support in Converse.js, please read
`my thoughts on it <https://opkode.com/media/blog/2013/11/11/conversejs-otr-support>`_.

For now, suffice to say that although its useful to have OTR support in
Converse.js in order to avoid most eavesdroppers, if you need serious
communications privacy, then you're much better off using native software.

Sound Notifications
===================

From version 0.8.1 Converse.js can play a sound notification when you receive a
message.

For more info, please see the `play_sounds`_ configuration setting.

Multilingual Support
====================

Converse.js is translated into multiple languages. The default build,
``converse.min.js``, includes all languages.

Languages increase the size of the Converse.js significantly.

If you only need one, or a subset of the available languages, it's better to
make a custom build which includes only those languages that you need.

Chat Rooms
==========

Commands
--------

Here are the different commands that may be used in a chat room:

+------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Event Type | When is it triggered?                                                                        | Example (substitue $nickname with an actual user's nickname)  |
+============+==============================================================================================+===============================================================+
| **ban**    | Ban a user from the chat room. They will not be able to join again.                          | /ban $nickname                                                |
+------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| **clear**  | Clear the messages shown in the chat room.                                                   | /clear                                                        |
+------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| **deop**   | Make a moderator a normal participant.                                                       | /deop $nickname [$reason]                                     |
+------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| **help**   | Show the list of available commands.                                                         | /help                                                         |
+------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| **kick**   | Kick a user out of a room. They will be able to join again.                                  | /kick $nickname [$reason]                                     |
+------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| **me**     | Speak in the 3rd person.                                                                     | /me $message                                                  |
+------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| **mute**   | Remove a user's ability to post messages to the room. They will still be able to observe.    | /mute $nickname [$reason]                                     |
+------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| **nick**   | Change your nickname.                                                                        | /nick $nickname                                               |
+------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| **op**     | Make a normal participant a moderator.                                                       | /op $nickname [$reason]                                       |
+------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| **topic**  | Set the topic of the chat room.                                                              | /topic ${topic text}                                          |
+------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| **voice**  | Allow a muted user to post messages to the room.                                             | /voice $nickname [$reason]                                    |
+------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+


==================
What you will need
==================

An XMPP server
==============

*Converse.js* implements `XMPP`_ as its messaging protocol, and therefore needs
to connect to an XMPP/Jabber server (Jabber is really just a synonym for XMPP).

You can connect to public XMPP servers like ``jabber.org`` but if you want to
have `Session Support`_ you'll have to set up your own XMPP server.

You can find a list of public XMPP servers/providers on `xmpp.net`_ and a list of
servers that you can set up yourself on `xmpp.org`_.


A BOSH Connection Manager
=========================

Your website and *Converse.js* use `HTTP`_ as protocol to communicate with
the webserver. HTTP connections are stateless and usually shortlived.

`XMPP`_ on the other hand, is the protocol that enables instant messaging, and
its connections are stateful and usually longer.

To enable a web application like *Converse.js* to communicate with an XMPP
server, we need a proxy in the middle that can act as a bridge between the two
protocols.

The `index.html <https://github.com/jcbrand/converse.js/blob/master/index.html>`_ file inside the

This is the job of a connection manager. A connection manager can be either a
standalone application or part of an XMPP server. Popular XMPP servers such as
`ejabberd <http://www.ejabberd.im>`_, `prosody <http://prosody.im/doc/setting_up_bosh>`_ and
`openfire <http://www.igniterealtime.org/projects/openfire/>`_ all include their own connection managers
(but you usually have to enable them in the configuration).

Standalone connection managers also exist, see for example `Punjab <https://github.com/twonds/punjab>`_.

The demo on the `Converse.js homepage`_ uses a connection manager located at https://bind.conversejs.org.
This connection manager is available for testing purposes only, please don't use it in production.

Overcoming cross-domain request restrictions
--------------------------------------------

Lets say your domain is *example.org*, but the domain of your connection
manager is *example.com*.

HTTP requests are made by *Converse.js* to the connection manager via XmlHttpRequests (XHR).
Until recently, it was not possible to make such requests to a different domain
than the one currently being served (to prevent XSS attacks).

Luckily there is now a standard called `CORS`_ (Cross-origin resource sharing), which enables exactly that.
Modern browsers support CORS, but there are problems with Internet Explorer <
10.

IE 8 and 9 partially support CORS via a proprietary implementation called
XDomainRequest. There is a `Strophe.js plugin`_ which you can use to enable
support for XDomainRequest when it is present.

In IE < 8, there is no support for CORS.

Instead of using CORS, you can add a reverse proxy in
Apache/Nginx which serves the connection manager under the same domain as your
website. This will remove the need for any cross-domain XHR support.

For example:
~~~~~~~~~~~~

Assuming your site is accessible on port ``80`` for the domain ``mysite.com``
and your connection manager manager is running at ``someothersite.com/http-bind``.

The *bosh_service_url* value you want to give Converse.js to overcome
the cross-domain restriction is ``mysite.com/http-bind`` and not
``someothersite.com/http-bind``.

Your ``nginx`` or ``apache`` configuration will look as follows:

Nginx
~~~~~
::

    http {
        server {
            listen       80
            server_name  mysite.com;
            location ~ ^/http-bind/ {
                proxy_pass http://someothersite.com;
            }
        }
    }

Apache
~~~~~~
::

    <VirtualHost *:80>
        ServerName mysite.com
        RewriteEngine On
        RewriteRule ^/http-bind(.*) http://someothersite.com/http-bind$1 [P,L]
    </VirtualHost>


Server-side authentication
==========================

.. _`Session Support`:

Prebinding and Single Session Support
-------------------------------------

It's possible to enable single-site login, whereby users already
authenticated in your website will also automatically be logged in on the chat server,

This session should also persist across page loads. In other words, we don't
want the user to have to give their chat credentials every time they reload the
page.

To do this you will require a `BOSH server <http://xmpp.org/about-xmpp/technology-overview/bosh/>`_
for converse.js to connect to (see the `bosh_service_url`_ under `Configuration variables`_)
as well as a BOSH client on your own server (written for example in Python, Ruby or PHP) that will
do the pre-authentication before the web page loads.

.. note::
    A BOSH server acts as a bridge between HTTP, the protocol of the web, and
    XMPP, the instant messaging protocol.
    Converse.js can only communicate via HTTP, but we need to communicate with
    an XMPP server in order to chat. So the BOSH server acts as a middle man,
    translating our HTTP requests into XMPP stanzas and vice versa.

Jack Moffitt has a great `blogpost`_ about this and even provides an `example Django application`_ to demonstrate it.

When you authenticate to the XMPP server on your backend application (for
example via a BOSH client in Django), you'll receive two tokens, RID (request ID) and SID (session ID).

The **Session ID (SID)** is a unique identifier for the current *session*. This
number stays constant for the entire session.

The **Request ID (RID)** is a unique identifier for the current *request* (i.e.
page load). Each page load is a new request which requires a new unique RID.
The best way to achieve this is to simply increment the RID with each page
load.

When you initialize converse.js in your browser, you need to pass it these two
tokens. Converse.js will then use them to attach to the session you just
created.

You can embed the RID and SID tokens in your HTML markup or you can do an
XMLHttpRequest call to your server and ask it to return them for you.

Below is one example of how this could work. An Ajax call is made to the
relative URL **/prebind** and it expects to receive JSON data back.

::

    $.getJSON('/prebind', function (data) {
        converse.initialize({
            prebind: true,
            bosh_service_url: data.bosh_service_url,
            jid: data.jid,
            sid: data.sid,
            rid: data.rid
        });
    );

**Here's what's happening:**

The JSON data returned from the Ajax call to example.com/prebind contains the user's JID (jabber ID), RID, SID and the URL to the
BOSH server (also called a *connection manager*).

These values are then passed to converse.js's ``initialize`` method.

.. note::
   If you want to enable single session support, you need to set **prebind: true**
   when calling **converse.initialize** (see ./index.html).
   Additionally you need to pass in valid **jid**, **sid**, **rid** and
   **bosh_service_url** values.


Example code for server-side prebinding
---------------------------------------

* PHP:
    See `xmpp-prebind-php <https://github.com/candy-chat/xmpp-prebind-php>`_ by
    Michael Weibel and the folks from Candy chat.

* Python:
    See this `example Django application`_ by Jack Moffitt.


===========
Development
===========

If you want to work with the non-minified Javascript and CSS files you'll soon
notice that there are references to a missing *components* folder. Please
follow the instructions below to create this folder and fetch Converse's
3rd-party dependencies.

.. note::
    Users have reported that converse.js cannot be built on Windows. Patches to
    fix this are welcome.


Install the development and front-end dependencies
==================================================

We use development tools (`Grunt <http://gruntjs.com>`_ and `Bower <http://bower.io>`_)
which depend on Node.js and npm (the Node package manager).

If you don't have Node.js installed, you can download and install the latest
version `here <https://nodejs.org/download>`_.

Also make sure you have ``git`` installed. `Details <http://git-scm.com/book/en/Getting-Started-Installing-Git>`_.

Once you have *Node.js* and *git* installed, run the following command inside the Converse.js
directory:

::

    make dev

Or alternatively, if you don't have GNU Make:

::

    npm install
    bower update

This will first install the Node.js development tools (like Grunt and Bower)
and then use Bower to install all of Converse.js's front-end dependencies.

The front-end dependencies are those javascript files on which
Converse.js directly depends and which will be loaded in the browser.

If you are curious to know what the different dependencies are:

* Development dependencies:
    Take a look at whats under the *devDependencies* key in
    `package.json <https://github.com/jcbrand/converse.js/blob/master/package.json>`_.

* Front-end dependencies:
    See *dependencies* in
    `bower.json <https://github.com/jcbrand/converse.js/blob/master/bower.json>`_.

.. note::
    After running ```make dev```, you should now have a new directory *components*,
    which contains all the front-end dependencies of Converse.js.
    If this directory does NOT exist, something must have gone wrong.
    Double-check the output of ```make dev``` to see if there are any errors
    listed. For support, you can write to the mailing list: conversejs@librelist.com


With AMD and require.js (recommended)
=====================================

Converse.js uses `require.js <http://requirejs.org>`_ to asynchronously load dependencies.

If you want to develop or customize converse.js, you'll want to load the
non-minified javascript files.

Add the following two lines to the *<head>* section of your webpage:

::

    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="converse.css">
    <script data-main="main" src="components/requirejs/require.js"></script>

require.js will then let the main.js file be parsed (because of the *data-main*
attribute on the *script* tag), which will in turn cause converse.js to be
parsed.

Without AMD and require.js
==========================

Converse.js can also be used without require.js. If you for some reason prefer
to use it this way, please refer to
`non_amd.html <https://github.com/jcbrand/converse.js/blob/master/non_amd.html>`_
for an example of how and in what order all the Javascript files that converse.js
depends on need to be loaded.


Before submitting a pull request
================================

Add tests for your bugfix or feature
------------------------------------

Add a test for any bug fixed or feature added. We use Jasmine
for testing.

Take a look at ``tests.html`` and ``spec/MainSpec.js`` to see how
the tests are implemented.

If you are unsure how to write tests, please
`contact me <http://opkode.com/contact>`_ and I'll be happy to help.

Check that the tests pass
-------------------------

Check that the Jasmine tests complete sucessfully. Open
`tests.html <https://github.com/jcbrand/converse.js/blob/master/tests.html>`_
in your browser, and the tests will run automatically.

On the command line you can run:

::

    grunt test

Check your code for errors or bad habits by running JSHint
----------------------------------------------------------

`JSHint <http://jshint.com>`_ will do a static analysis of your code and hightlight potential errors
and/or bad habits.

::

    grunt jshint


You can run both the tests and jshint in one go by calling:

::

    grunt check


Developer API
=============

.. note:: The API documented here is available in Converse.js 0.8.4 and higher.
        Earlier versions of Converse.js might have different API methods or none at all.

In the Converse.js API, you traverse towards a logical grouping, from
which you can then call certain standardised accessors and mutators, like::

    .get
    .set
    .add
    .all
    .remove

This is done to increase readability and to allow intuitive method chaining.

For example, to get a contact, you would do the following::

    converse.contacts.get('jid@example.com');

To get multiple contacts, just pass in an array of jids::

    converse.contacts.get(['jid1@example.com', 'jid2@example.com']);


**Here follows now a breakdown of all API groupings and methods**:


initialize
----------

.. note:: This method is the one exception of a method which is not logically grouped
    as explained above.

Initializes converse.js. This method must always be called when using
converse.js.

The `initialize` method takes a map (also called a hash or dictionary) of
`configuration variables`_.

Example::

    converse.initialize({
            allow_otr: true,
            auto_list_rooms: false,
            auto_subscribe: false,
            bosh_service_url: 'https://bind.example.com',
            hide_muc_server: false,
            i18n: locales['en'],
            keepalive: true,
            play_sounds: true,
            prebind: false,
            show_controlbox_by_default: true,
            debug: false,
            roster_groups: true
        });


"contacts" grouping
-------------------

get
~~~

Returns a map of attributes for a given buddy (i.e. roster contact), specified
by JID (Jabber ID).

Example::

    converse.contacts.get('buddy@example.com')

The map of attributes:

+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Attribute      |                                                                                                                                      |
+================+======================================================================================================================================+
| ask            | If ask === 'subscribe', then we have asked this person to be our chat buddy.                                                         |
+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| fullname       | The person's full name.                                                                                                              |
+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| jid            | The person's Jabber/XMPP username.                                                                                                   |
+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| requesting     | If true, then this person is asking to be our chat buddy.                                                                            |
+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| subscription   | The subscription state between the current user and this chat buddy. Can be `none`, `to`, `from` or `both`.                          |
+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| id             | A unique id, same as the jid.                                                                                                        |
+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| chat_status    | The person's chat status. Can be `online`, `offline`, `busy`, `xa` (extended away) or `away`.                                        |
+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| user_id        | The user id part of the JID (the part before the `@`).                                                                               |
+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| resources      | The known resources for this chat buddy. Each resource denotes a separate and connected chat client.                                 |
+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| groups         | The roster groups in which this chat buddy was placed.                                                                               |
+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| status         | Their human readable custom status message.                                                                                          |
+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| image_type     | The image's file type.                                                                                                               |
+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| image          | The Base64 encoded image data.                                                                                                       |
+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| url            | The buddy's website URL, as specified in their VCard data.                                                                           |
+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| vcard_updated  | When last the buddy's VCard was updated.                                                                                             |
+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

"chats" grouping
----------------

get
~~~

Returns an object/map representing a chat box (without opening or affecting that chat box). 

Example::

    converse.chats.get('buddy@example.com')

*The returned chat box contains the following methods:*

+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| Method      | Description                              |
+=============+==========================================+
| endOTR      | End an OTR (Off-the-record) session.     |
+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| get         | Get an attribute (i.e. accessor).        |
+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| initiateOTR | Start an OTR (off-the-record) session.   |
+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| maximize    | Minimize the chat box.                   |
+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| minimize    | Maximize the chat box.                   |
+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| set         | Set an attribute (i.e. mutator).         |
+-------------+------------------------------------------+

*The get and set methods can be used to retrieve and change the following attributes:*

+-------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Attribute   | Description                                         |
+=============+=====================================================+
| height      | The height of the chat box.                         |
+-------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| url         | The URL of the chat box heading.                    |
+-------------+-----------------------------------------------------+

"tokens" grouping
-----------------

get
~~~

Returns a token, either the RID or SID token depending on what's asked for.

Example::

    converse.tokens.get('rid')

"listen" grouping
-----------------

Converse.js emits events to which you can subscribe from your own Javascript.

Concerning events, the following methods are available under the "listen"
grouping:

* **on(eventName, callback)**:

    Calling the ``on`` method allows you to subscribe to an event.
    Every time the event fires, the callback method specified by ``callback`` will be
    called.

    Parameters:

    * ``eventName`` is the event name as a string.
    * ``callback`` is the callback method to be called when the event is emitted.

    For example::

        converse.listen.on('message', function (messageXML) { ... });

* **once(eventName, callback)**:

    Calling the ``once`` method allows you to listen to an event
    exactly once.

    Parameters:

    * ``eventName`` is the event name as a string.
    * ``callback`` is the callback method to be called when the event is emitted.

    For example::

        converse.listen.once('message', function (messageXML) { ... });

* **not(eventName, callback)**

    To stop listening to an event, you can use the ``not`` method.

    Parameters:

    * ``eventName`` is the event name as a string.
    * ``callback`` refers to the function that is to be no longer executed.

    For example::

        converse.listen.not('message', function (messageXML) { ... });

Events
======

.. note:: see also the `"listen" grouping`_ API section above.

Event Types
-----------

Here are the different events that are emitted:

+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Event Type                     | When is it triggered?                                                                             | Example                                                                                 |
+================================+===================================================================================================+=========================================================================================+
| **initialized**                | Once converse.js has been initialized.                                                            | ``converse.on('initialized', function () { ... });``                                    |
+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **ready**                      | After connection has been established and converse.js has got all its ducks in a row.             | ``converse.on('ready', function () { ... });``                                          |
+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **reconnect**                  | After the connection has dropped. Converse.js will attempt to reconnect when not in prebind mode. | ``converse.on('reconnect', function () { ... });``                                      |
+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **message**                    | When a message is received.                                                                       | ``converse.on('message', function (messageXML) { ... });``                              |
+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **messageSend**                | When a message will be sent out.                                                                  | ``converse.on('messageSend', function (messageText) { ... });``                         |
+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **noResumeableSession**        | When keepalive=true but there aren't any stored prebind tokens.                                   | ``converse.on('noResumeableSession', function () { ... });``                            |
+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **roster**                     | When the roster is updated.                                                                       | ``converse.on('roster', function (items) { ... });``                                    |
+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **callButtonClicked**          | When a call button (i.e. with class .toggle-call) on a chat box has been clicked.                 | ``converse.on('callButtonClicked', function (connection, model) { ... });``             |
+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **chatBoxOpened**              | When a chat box has been opened.                                                                  | ``converse.on('chatBoxOpened', function (chatbox) { ... });``                           |
+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **chatRoomOpened**             | When a chat room has been opened.                                                                 | ``converse.on('chatRoomOpened', function (chatbox) { ... });``                          |
+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **chatBoxClosed**              | When a chat box has been closed.                                                                  | ``converse.on('chatBoxClosed', function (chatbox) { ... });``                           |
+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **chatBoxFocused**             | When the focus has been moved to a chat box.                                                      | ``converse.on('chatBoxFocused', function (chatbox) { ... });``                          |
+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **chatBoxToggled**             | When a chat box has been minimized or maximized.                                                  | ``converse.on('chatBoxToggled', function (chatbox) { ... });``                          |
+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **roomInviteSent**             | After the user has sent out a direct invitation, to a roster contact, asking them to join a room. | ``converse.on('roomInvite', function (roomview, invitee_jid, reason) { ... });``        |
+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **roomInviteReceived**         | After the user has sent out a direct invitation, to a roster contact, asking them to join a room. | ``converse.on('roomInvite', function (roomview, invitee_jid, reason) { ... });``        |
+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **statusChanged**              | When own chat status has changed.                                                                 | ``converse.on('statusChanged', function (status) { ... });``                            |
+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **statusMessageChanged**       | When own custom status message has changed.                                                       | ``converse.on('statusMessageChanged', function (message) { ... });``                    |
+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **contactStatusChanged**         | When a chat buddy's chat status has changed.                                                      | ``converse.on('contactStatusChanged', function (buddy, status) { ... });``                |
+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **contactStatusMessageChanged**  | When a chat buddy's custom status message has changed.                                            | ``converse.on('contactStatusMessageChanged', function (buddy, messageText) { ... });``    |
+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+


Minification
============

Minifying Javascript and CSS
----------------------------

Please make sure to read the section `Development`_ and that you have installed
all development dependencies (long story short, you can run ``npm install``
and then ``grunt fetch``).

We  use `require.js`_ to keep track of *Converse.js* and its dependencies and to
to bundle them together in a single minified file fit for deployment to a
production site.

To minify the Javascript and CSS, run the following command:

::

    grunt minify

Javascript will be bundled and minified with `require.js`_'s optimization tool,
using `almond <https://github.com/jrburke/almond>`_.

You can `read more about require.js's optimizer here`_.

CSS is minified via `cssmin <https://github.com/gruntjs/grunt-contrib-cssmin>`_.

Translations
============

.. note::
   Translations take up a lot of space and will bloat your minified file.
   At the time of writing, all the translations add about 50KB of extra data to
   the minified javascript file. Therefore, make sure to only
   include those languages that you intend to support and remove from
   ./locale/locales.js those which you don't need. Remember to rebuild the
   minified file afterwards.

The gettext POT file located in ./locale/converse.pot is the template
containing all translations and from which for each language an individual PO
file is generated.

The POT file contains all translateable strings extracted from converse.js.

To make a user facing string translateable, wrap it in the double underscore helper
function like so:

::

    __('This string will be translated at runtime');

After adding the string, you'll need to regenerate the POT file, like so:

::

    make pot

To create a new PO file for a language in which converse.js is not yet
translated into, do the following

.. note:: In this example we use Polish (pl), you need to substitute 'pl' to your own language's code.

::

    mkdir -p ./locale/pl/LC_MESSAGES
    msginit -i ./locale/converse.pot -o ./locale/pl/LC_MESSAGES/converse.po -l pl

You can then create or update the PO file for a specific language by doing the following:

.. note:: In this example we use German (de), you need to substitute 'de' to your own language's code.

::

    msgmerge ./locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/converse.po ./locale/converse.pot -U

To do this for ALL languages, run:

::

    make po

The resulting PO file is then what gets translated.

If you've created a new PO file, please make sure to add the following
attributes at the top of the file (under *Content-Transfer-Encoding*). They are
required as configuration settings for Jed, the Javascript translations library
that we're using.

::

    "domain: converse\n"
    "lang: de\n"
    "plural_forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"


Unfortunately `Jed <http://slexaxton.github.io/Jed>`_ cannot use the PO files directly. We have to generate from it
a file in JSON format and then put that in a .js file for the specific
language.

To generate JSON from a PO file, you'll need po2json for node.js. Run the
following command to install it (npm being the node.js package manager):

::

    npm install po2json

You can then convert the translations into JSON format:

::

    po2json locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/converse.po locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/converse.json

Now from converse.json paste the data as a value for the "locale_data" key in the
object in the language's .js file.

So, if you are for example translating into German (language code 'de'), you'll
create or update the file ./locale/LC_MESSAGES/de.js with the following code:

::

    (function (root, factory) {
        define("de", ['jed'], function () {
            return factory(new Jed({
                "domain": "converse",
                "locale_data": {
                    // Paste the JSON data from converse.json here
                }
            })
        }
    }(this, function (i18n) {
        return i18n;
    }));

making sure to also paste the JSON data as value to the "locale_data" key.

.. note::
    If you are adding translations for a new language that is not already supported,
    you'll have to add the language path in main.js and make one more edit in ./locale/locales.js
    to make sure the language is loaded by require.js.

Congratulations, you've now succesfully added your translations. Sorry for all
those hoops you had to jump through.



===============
Troubleshooting
===============

Conflicts with other Javascript libraries
=========================================

Problem:
---------

You are using other Javascript libraries (like JQuery plugins), and
get errors like these in your browser console::

    Uncaught TypeError: Object [object Object] has no method 'xxx' from example.js

Solution:
---------

First, find out which object is referred to by ``Object [object Object]``.

It will probably be the jQuery object ``$`` or perhaps the underscore.js object ``_``.

For the purpose of demonstration, I'm going to assume its ``$``, but the same
rules apply if its something else.

The bundled and minified default build of converse.js, ``converse.min.js``
includes within it all of converse.js's dependencies, which include for example *jQuery*.

If you are having conflicts where attributes or methods aren't available
on the jQuery object, you are probably loading ``converse.min.js`` (which
includes jQuery) as well as your own jQuery version separately.

What then happens is that there are two ``$`` objects (one from
converse.js and one from the jQuery version you included manually)
and only one of them has been extended to have the methods or attributes you require.

Which jQuery object you get depends on the order in which you load the libraries.

There are multiple ways to solve this issue.

Firstly, make sure whether you really need to include a separate version of
jQuery. Chances are that you don't. If you can remove the separate
version, your problem should be solved, as long as your libraries are loaded in
the right order.

Either case, whether you need to keep two versions or not, the solution depends
on whether you'll use require.js to manage your libraries or whether you'll
load them manually.

With require.js
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Instead of using ``converse.min.js``, manage all the libraries in your project
(i.e. converse.js and its dependencies plus all other libraries you use) as one
require.js project, making sure everything is loaded in the correct order.

Then, before deployment, you make your own custom minified build that bundles everything
you need.

With <script> tags
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Take a look at `non_amd.html <https://github.com/jcbrand/converse.js/blob/master/non_amd.html>`_
in the converse.js repo.

It shows in which order the libraries must be loaded via ``<script>`` tags. Add
your own libraries, making sure that they are loaded in the correct order (e.g.
jQuery plugins must load after jQuery).


=============
Configuration
=============

The included minified JS and CSS files can be used for demoing or testing, but
you'll want to configure *Converse.js* to suit your needs before you deploy it
on your website.

*Converse.js* is passed its configuration settings when you call its
*initialize* method.

You'll most likely want to call the *initialize* method in your HTML page. For
an example of how this is done, please see the bottom of the *./index.html* page.

Please refer to the `Configuration variables`_ section below for info on
all the available configuration settings.

After you have configured *Converse.js*, you'll have to regenerate the minified
JS file so that it will include the new settings. Please refer to the
`Minification`_ section for more info on how to do this.




Configuration variables
=======================

allow_contact_requests
----------------------

Default:  ``true``

Allow users to add one another as contacts. If this is set to false, the
**Add a contact** widget, **Contact Requests** and **Pending Contacts** roster
sections will all not appear. Additionally, all incoming contact requests will be
ignored.

allow_muc
---------

Default:  ``true``

Allow multi-user chat (muc) in chatrooms. Setting this to ``false`` will remove
the ``Chatrooms`` tab from the control box.

allow_otr
---------

Default:  ``true``

Allow Off-the-record encryption of single-user chat messages.

animate
-------

Default:  ``true``

Show animations, for example when opening and closing chat boxes.

auto_list_rooms
---------------

Default:  ``false``

If true, and the XMPP server on which the current user is logged in supports
multi-user chat, then a list of rooms on that server will be fetched.

Not recommended for servers with lots of chat rooms.

For each room on the server a query is made to fetch further details (e.g.
features, number of occupants etc.), so on servers with many rooms this
option will create lots of extra connection traffic.

auto_reconnect
--------------

Default:  ``true``

Automatically reconnect to the XMPP server if the connection drops
unexpectedly.

auto_subscribe
--------------

Default:  ``false``

If true, the user will automatically subscribe back to any contact requests.

bosh_service_url
----------------

Connections to an XMPP server depend on a BOSH connection manager which acts as
a middle man between HTTP and XMPP.

See `here <http://metajack.im/2008/09/08/which-bosh-server-do-you-need>`_ for more information.

cache_otr_key
-------------

Default:  ``false``

Let the `OTR (Off-the-record encryption) <https://otr.cypherpunks.ca>`_ private
key be cached in your browser's session storage.

The browser's session storage persists across page loads but is deleted once
the tab or window is closed.

If this option is set to ``false``, a new OTR private key will be generated
for each page load. While more inconvenient, this is a much more secure option.

This setting can only be used together with ``allow_otr = true``.

.. note::
    A browser window's session storage is accessible by all javascript that
    is served from the same domain. So if there is malicious javascript served by
    the same server (or somehow injected via an attacker), then they will be able
    to retrieve your private key and read your all the chat messages in your
    current session. Previous sessions however cannot be decrypted.

debug
-----

Default:  ``false``

If set to true, debugging output will be logged to the browser console.

keepalive
---------

Default:    ``true``

Determines whether Converse.js will maintain the chat session across page
loads.

See also:

* `Prebinding and Single Session Support`_
* `Using prebind in connection with keepalive`_

message_carbons
---------------

Default:  ``false``

Support for `XEP-0280: Message Carbons <https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0280.html>`_

In order to keep all IM clients for a user engaged in a conversation,
outbound messages are carbon-copied to all interested resources.

This is especially important in webchat, like converse.js, where each browser
tab serves as a separate IM client.

Both message_carbons and `forward_messages`_ try to solve the same problem
(showing sent messages in all connected chat clients aka resources), but go about it
in two different ways.

Message carbons is the XEP (Jabber protocol extension) specifically drafted to
solve this problem, while `forwarded_messages`_ uses
`stanza forwarding <http://www.xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0297.html>`_

expose_rid_and_sid
------------------

Default:  ``false``

Allow the prebind tokens, RID (request ID) and SID (session ID), to be exposed
globally via the API. This allows other scripts served on the same page to use
these values.

*Beware*: a malicious script could use these tokens to assume your identity
and inject fake chat messages.

forward_messages
----------------

Default:  ``false``

If set to ``true``, sent messages will also be forwarded to the sending user's
bare JID (their Jabber ID independent of any chat clients aka resources).

This means that sent messages are visible from all the user's chat clients,
and not just the one from which it was actually sent.

This is especially important for web chat, such as converse.js, where each
browser tab functions as a separate chat client, with its own resource.

This feature uses Stanza forwarding, see also `XEP 0297: Stanza Forwarding <http://www.xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0297.html>`_

For an alternative approach, see also `message carbons`_.

fullname
--------

If you are using prebinding, can specify the fullname of the currently
logged in user, otherwise the user's vCard will be fetched.

hide_muc_server
---------------

Default:  ``false``

Hide the ``server`` input field of the form inside the ``Room`` panel of the
controlbox. Useful if you want to restrict users to a specific XMPP server of
your choosing.

hide_offline_users
------------------

Default:  ``false``

If set to ``true``, then don't show offline users.

i18n
----

Specify the locale/language. The language must be in the ``locales`` object. Refer to
``./locale/locales.js`` to see which locales are supported.

play_sounds
-----------

Default:  ``false``

Plays a notification sound when you receive a personal message or when your
nickname is mentioned in a chat room.

Inside the ``./sounds`` directory of the Converse.js repo, you'll see MP3 and Ogg
formatted sound files. We need both, because neither format is supported by all browsers.

For now, sound files are looked up by convention, not configuration. So to have
a sound play when a message is received, make sure that your webserver serves
it in both formats as ``http://yoursite.com/sounds/msg_received.mp3`` and
``http://yoursite.com/sounds/msg_received.ogg``.

``http://yoursite.com`` should of course be your site's URL.

prebind
--------

Default:  ``false``

See also: `Prebinding and Single Session Support`_

Use this option when you want to attach to an existing XMPP connection that was
already authenticated (usually on the backend before page load).

This is useful when you don't want to render the login form on the chat control
box with each page load.

For prebinding to work, you must set up a pre-authenticated BOSH session,
for which you will receive a JID (jabber ID), SID (session ID) and RID
(Request ID).

These values (``rid``, ``sid`` and ``jid``) need to be passed into
``converse.initialize`` (with the exception of ``keepalive``, see below).

Additionally, you also have to specify a ``bosh_service_url``.

Using prebind in connection with keepalive
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The ``prebind`` and `keepalive`_ options can be used together.

The ``keepalive`` option caches the ``rid``, ``sid`` and ``jid`` values
(henceforth referred to as *session tokens*) one receives from a prebinded
BOSH session, in order to re-use them when the page reloads.

However, if besides setting ``keepalive`` to ``true``, you also set ``prebind``
to ``true``, and you pass in valid session tokens to ``converse.initialize``,
then those passed in session tokens will be used instead of any tokens cached by
``keepalive``.

If you set ``prebind`` to ``true``  and don't pass in the session tokens to
``converse.initialize``, then converse.js will look for tokens cached by
``keepalive``.

If you've set ``keepalive`` and ``prebind`` to ``true``, don't pass in session
tokens and converse.js doesn't find any cached session tokens, then
converse.js will emit an event ``noResumeableSession`` and exit.

This allows you to start a prebinded session with valid tokens, and then fall
back to ``keepalive`` for maintaining that session across page reloads. When
for some reason ``keepalive`` doesn't have cached session tokens anymore, you
can listen for the ``noResumeableSession`` event and take that as a cue that
you should again prebind in order to get valid session tokens.

Here is a code example::

        converse.on('noResumeableSession', function () {
            $.getJSON('/prebind', function (data) {
                converse.initialize({
                    prebind: true,
                    keepalive: true,
                    bosh_service_url: 'https://bind.example.com',
                    jid: data.jid,
                    sid: data.sid,
                    rid: data.rid
                });
            });
        });
        converse.initialize({
            prebind: true,
            keepalive: true,
            bosh_service_url: 'https://bind.example.com'
        }));


roster_groups
-------------

Default:  ``false``

If set to ``true``, converse.js will show any roster groups you might have
configured.

.. note::
    It's currently not possible to use converse.js to assign contacts to groups.
    Converse.js can only show users and groups that were previously configured
    elsewhere.

show_controlbox_by_default
--------------------------

Default:  ``false``

The "controlbox" refers to the special chatbox containing your contacts roster,
status widget, chatrooms and other controls.

By default this box is hidden and can be toggled by clicking on any element in
the page with class *toggle-controlbox*.

If this options is set to true, the controlbox will by default be shown upon
page load.

show_only_online_users
----------------------

Default:  ``false``

If set to ``true``, only online users will be shown in the contacts roster.
Users with any other status (e.g. away, busy etc.) will not be shown.

storage
-------

Default: ``session``

Valid options: ``session``, ``local``.

This option determines the type of `storage <https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Guide/API/DOM/Storage>`_
(``localStorage`` or ``sessionStorage``) used by converse.js to cache user data.

Originally converse.js used only localStorage, however sessionStorage is from a
privacy perspective a better choice.

The main difference between the two is that sessionStorage only persists while
the current tab or window containing a converse.js instance is open. As soon as
it's closed, the data is cleared.

Data in localStorage on the other hand is kept indefinitely.

.. note::
    Since version 0.8.0, the use of local storage is not recommended. The
    statuses (online, away, busy etc.) of your roster contacts are cached in
    the browser storage. If you use local storage, these values are stored for
    multiple sessions, and they will likely become out of sync with your contacts'
    actual statuses. The session storage doesn't have this problem, because
    roster contact statuses will not become out of sync in a single session,
    only across more than one session.


use_otr_by_default
------------------

Default:  ``false``

If set to ``true``, Converse.js will automatically try to initiate an OTR (off-the-record)
encrypted chat session every time you open a chat box.

use_vcards
----------

Default:  ``true``

Determines whether the XMPP server will be queried for roster contacts' VCards
or not. VCards contain extra personal information such as your fullname and
avatar image.

visible_toolbar_buttons
-----------------------

Default:

::

    {
        call: false,
        clear: true,
        emoticons: true,
        toggle_participants: true
    }

Allows you to show or hide buttons on the chat boxes' toolbars.

* *call*:
    Provides a button with a picture of a telephone on it.
    When the call button is pressed, it will emit an event that can be used by a third-party library to initiate a call.::

        converse.on('callButtonClicked', function(event, data) {
            console.log('Strophe connection is', data.connection);
            console.log('Bare buddy JID is', data.model.get('jid'));
            // ... Third-party library code ...
        });
* *clear*:
    Provides a button for clearing messages from a chat box.
* *emoticons*:
    Enables rendering of emoticons and provides a toolbar button for choosing them.
* toggle_participants:
    Shows a button for toggling (i.e. showing/hiding) the list of participants in a chat room.

xhr_custom_status
-----------------

Default:  ``false``

.. note::
    XHR stands for XMLHTTPRequest, and is meant here in the AJAX sense (Asynchronous Javascript and XML).

This option will let converse.js make an AJAX POST with your changed custom chat status to a
remote server.

xhr_custom_status_url
---------------------

.. note::
    XHR stands for XMLHTTPRequest, and is meant here in the AJAX sense (Asynchronous Javascript and XML).

Default:  Empty string

Used only in conjunction with ``xhr_custom_status``.

This is the URL to which the AJAX POST request to set the user's custom status
message will be made.

The message itself is sent in the request under the key ``msg``.

xhr_user_search
---------------

Default:  ``false``

.. note::
    XHR stands for XMLHTTPRequest, and is meant here in the AJAX sense (Asynchronous Javascript and XML).

There are two ways to add users.

* The user inputs a valid JID (Jabber ID), and the user is added as a pending contact.
* The user inputs some text (for example part of a firstname or lastname), an XHR (Ajax Request) will be made to a remote server, and a list of matches are returned. The user can then choose one of the matches to add as a contact.

This setting enables the second mechanism, otherwise by default the first will be used.

*What is expected from the remote server?*

A default JSON encoded list of objects must be returned. Each object
corresponds to a matched user and needs the keys ``id`` and ``fullname``.

xhr_user_search_url
-------------------

.. note::
    XHR stands for XMLHTTPRequest, and is meant here in the AJAX sense (Asynchronous Javascript and XML).

Default:  Empty string

Used only in conjunction with ``xhr_user_search``.

This is the URL to which an AJAX GET request will be made to fetch user data from your remote server.
The query string will be included in the request with ``q`` as its key.

The calendar can be configured through a `data-pat-calendar` attribute.
The available options are:


.. _`read more about require.js's optimizer here`: http://requirejs.org/docs/optimization.html
.. _`HTTP`: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol
.. _`XMPP`: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xmpp
.. _`Converse.js homepage`: http://conversejs.org
.. _`CORS`: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-origin_resource_sharing
.. _`Strophe.js plugin`: https://gist.github.com/1095825/6b4517276f26b66b01fa97b0a78c01275fdc6ff2
.. _`xmpp.net`: http://xmpp.net
.. _`xmpp.org`: http://xmpp.org/xmpp-software/servers/
.. _`ejabberd`: http://www.ejabberd.im
.. _`blogpost`: http://metajack.im/2008/10/03/getting-attached-to-strophe
.. _`example Django application`: https://github.com/metajack/strophejs/tree/master/examples/attach
