pidfd: check pid has attached task in fdinfo

Currently, when a task is dead we still print the pid it used to use in
the fdinfo files of its pidfds. This doesn't make much sense since the
pid may have already been reused. So verify that the task is still alive
by introducing the pid_has_task() helper which will be used by other
callers in follow-up patches.
If the task is not alive anymore, we will print -1. This allows us to
differentiate between a task not being present in a given pid namespace
- in which case we already print 0 - and a task having been reaped.

Note that this uses PIDTYPE_PID for the check. Technically, we could've
checked PIDTYPE_TGID since pidfds currently only refer to thread-group
leaders but if they won't anymore in the future then this check becomes
problematic without it being immediately obvious to non-experts imho. If
a thread is created via clone(CLONE_THREAD) than struct pid has a single
non-empty list pid->tasks[PIDTYPE_PID] and this pid can't be used as a
PIDTYPE_TGID meaning pid->tasks[PIDTYPE_TGID] will return NULL even
though the thread-group leader might still be very much alive. So
checking PIDTYPE_PID is fine and is easier to maintain should we ever
allow pidfds to refer to threads.

Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Cc: Christian Kellner <christian@kellner.me>
Cc: linux-api@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Reviewed-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20191017101832.5985-1-christian.brauner@ubuntu.com

include/linux/pid.h

@@ -85,6 +85,10 @@ static inline struct pid *get_pid(struct pid *pid)
 
 extern void put_pid(struct pid *pid);
 extern struct task_struct *pid_task(struct pid *pid, enum pid_type);
+static inline bool pid_has_task(struct pid *pid, enum pid_type type)
+{
+	return !hlist_empty(&pid->tasks[type]);
+}
 extern struct task_struct *get_pid_task(struct pid *pid, enum pid_type);
 
 extern struct pid *get_task_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type);

kernel/fork.c

@@ -1732,15 +1732,20 @@ static int pidfd_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
  */
 static void pidfd_show_fdinfo(struct seq_file *m, struct file *f)
 {
-	struct pid_namespace *ns = proc_pid_ns(file_inode(m->file));
 	struct pid *pid = f->private_data;
-	pid_t nr = pid_nr_ns(pid, ns);
+	struct pid_namespace *ns;
+	pid_t nr = -1;
 
-	seq_put_decimal_ull(m, "Pid:\t", nr);
+	if (likely(pid_has_task(pid, PIDTYPE_PID))) {
+		ns = proc_pid_ns(file_inode(m->file));
+		nr = pid_nr_ns(pid, ns);
+	}
+
+	seq_put_decimal_ll(m, "Pid:\t", nr);
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_PID_NS
-	seq_put_decimal_ull(m, "\nNSpid:\t", nr);
-	if (nr) {
+	seq_put_decimal_ll(m, "\nNSpid:\t", nr);
+	if (nr > 0) {
 		int i;
 
 		/* If nr is non-zero it means that 'pid' is valid and that
@@ -1749,7 +1754,7 @@ static void pidfd_show_fdinfo(struct seq_file *m, struct file *f)
 		 * Start at one below the already printed level.
 		 */
 		for (i = ns->level + 1; i <= pid->level; i++)
-			seq_put_decimal_ull(m, "\t", pid->numbers[i].nr);
+			seq_put_decimal_ll(m, "\t", pid->numbers[i].nr);
 	}
 #endif
 	seq_putc(m, '\n');