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Boxiang Sun
cython
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50e86dd4
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50e86dd4
authored
Nov 01, 2014
by
Stefan Behnel
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add tips+tricks section to pure mode docs
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06e44270
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docs/src/tutorial/pure.rst
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50e86dd4
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@@ -308,3 +308,70 @@ can be augmented with the following :file:`.pxd` file :file:`dostuff.pxd`::
...
@@ -308,3 +308,70 @@ can be augmented with the following :file:`.pxd` file :file:`dostuff.pxd`::
The :func:`cython.declare()` function can be used to specify types for global
The :func:`cython.declare()` function can be used to specify types for global
variables in the augmenting :file:`.pxd` file.
variables in the augmenting :file:`.pxd` file.
Tips and Tricks
---------------
Calling C functions
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Normally, it isn't possible to call C functions in pure Python mode as there
is no general way to support it in normal (uncompiled) Python. However, in
cases where an equivalent Python function exists, this can be achieved by
combining C function coercion with a conditional import as follows::
# in mymodule.pxd:
# declare a C function as "cpdef" to export it to the module
cdef extern from "math.h":
cpdef double sin(double x)
# in mymodule.py:
import cython
# override with Python import if not in compiled code
if not cython.compiled:
from math import sin
# calls sin() from math.h when compiled with Cython and math.sin() in Python
print(sin(0))
Note that the "sin" function will show up in the module namespace of "mymodule"
here (i.e. there will be a ``mymodule.sin()`` function). You can mark it as an
internal name according to Python conventions by renaming it to "_sin" in the
``.pxd`` file as follows::
cdef extern from "math.h":
cpdef double _sin "sin" (double x)
You would then also change the Python import to ``from math import sin as _sin``
to make the names match again.
Using C arrays for fixed size lists
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Since Cython 0.22, C arrays can automatically coerce to Python lists or tuples.
This can be exploited to replace fixed size Python lists in Python code by C
arrays when compiled. An example::
import cython
@cython.locals(counts=cython.int[10], digit=cython.int)
def count_digits(digits):
"""
>>> digits = '01112222333334445667788899'
>>> count_digits(map(int, digits))
[1, 3, 4, 5, 3, 1, 2, 2, 3, 2]
"""
counts = [0] * 10
for digit in digits:
assert 0 <= digit <= 9
counts[digit] += 1
return counts
In normal Python, this will use a Python list to collect the counts, whereas
Cython will generate C code that uses a C array of C ints.
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