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Kirill Smelkov
cpython
Commits
035cedb4
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035cedb4
authored
Sep 19, 2010
by
Georg Brandl
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Edit concurrent docs, add versionadded and see also reference to the PEP.
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Doc/library/concurrent.futures.rst
Doc/library/concurrent.futures.rst
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Doc/library/concurrent.futures.rst
View file @
035cedb4
...
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@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
.. module:: concurrent.futures
:synopsis: Execute computations concurrently using threads or processes.
.. versionadded:: 3.2
The :mod:`concurrent.futures` module provides a high-level interface for
asynchronously executing callables.
...
...
@@ -12,8 +14,9 @@ The asynchronous execution can be be performed with threads, using
:class:`ProcessPoolExecutor`. Both implement the same interface, which is
defined by the abstract :class:`Executor` class.
Executor Objects
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
----------------
.. class:: Executor
...
...
@@ -24,9 +27,7 @@ Executor Objects
Schedules the callable, *fn*, to be executed as ``fn(*args **kwargs)``
and returns a :class:`Future` object representing the execution of the
callable.
::
callable. ::
with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1) as executor:
future = executor.submit(pow, 323, 1235)
...
...
@@ -40,8 +41,8 @@ Executor Objects
called and the result isn't available after *timeout* seconds from the
original call to :meth:`Executor.map`. *timeout* can be an int or a
float. If *timeout* is not specified or ``None``, there is no limit to
the wait time.
If a call raises an exception, then that exception will be
raised when its value is retrieved from the iterator.
the wait time.
If a call raises an exception, then that exception will
be
raised when its value is retrieved from the iterator.
.. method:: shutdown(wait=True)
...
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@@ -58,11 +59,10 @@ Executor Objects
value of *wait*, the entire Python program will not exit until all
pending futures are done executing.
You can avoid having to call this method explicitly if you use the `with`
statement, which will shutdown the `Executor` (waiting as if
`Executor.shutdown` were called with *wait* set to `True`):
::
You can avoid having to call this method explicitly if you use the
:keyword:`with` statement, which will shutdown the :class:`Executor`
(waiting as if :meth:`Executor.shutdown` were called with *wait* set to
``True``)::
import shutil
with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=4) as e:
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@@ -71,16 +71,15 @@ Executor Objects
e.submit(shutil.copy, 'src3.txt', 'dest3.txt')
e.submit(shutil.copy, 'src3.txt', 'dest4.txt')
ThreadPoolExecutor
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
------------------
:class:`ThreadPoolExecutor` is a :class:`Executor` subclass that uses a pool of
threads to execute calls asynchronously.
Deadlocks can occur when the callable associated with a :class:`Future` waits on
the results of another :class:`Future`. For example:
::
the results of another :class:`Future`. For example::
import time
def wait_on_b():
...
...
@@ -98,9 +97,7 @@ the results of another :class:`Future`. For example:
a = executor.submit(wait_on_b)
b = executor.submit(wait_on_a)
And:
::
And::
def wait_on_future():
f = executor.submit(pow, 5, 2)
...
...
@@ -117,10 +114,11 @@ And:
An :class:`Executor` subclass that uses a pool of at most *max_workers*
threads to execute calls asynchronously.
.. _threadpoolexecutor-example:
ThreadPoolExecutor Example
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
::
import concurrent.futures
...
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@@ -149,7 +147,7 @@ ThreadPoolExecutor Example
ProcessPoolExecutor
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-------------------
The :class:`ProcessPoolExecutor` class is an :class:`Executor` subclass that
uses a pool of processes to execute calls asynchronously.
...
...
@@ -166,10 +164,11 @@ to a :class:`ProcessPoolExecutor` will result in deadlock.
of at most *max_workers* processes. If *max_workers* is ``None`` or not
given, it will default to the number of processors on the machine.
.. _processpoolexecutor-example:
ProcessPoolExecutor Example
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
::
import concurrent.futures
...
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@@ -201,8 +200,9 @@ ProcessPoolExecutor Example
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Future Objects
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
--------------
The :class:`Future` class encapulates the asynchronous execution of a callable.
:class:`Future` instances are created by :meth:`Executor.submit`.
...
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@@ -248,11 +248,11 @@ The :class:`Future` class encapulates the asynchronous execution of a callable.
.. method:: exception(timeout=None)
Return the exception raised by the call.
If the call hasn't yet completed
then this method will wait up to *timeout* seconds. If the call hasn't
c
ompleted in *timeout* seconds, then a :exc:`TimeoutError` will be
raised. *timeout* can be an int or float. If *timeout* is not specified
or ``None``, there is no limit to the wait time.
Return the exception raised by the call.
If the call hasn't yet
completed then this method will wait up to *timeout* seconds. If the
c
all hasn't completed in *timeout* seconds, then a :exc:`TimeoutError`
will be raised. *timeout* can be an int or float. If *timeout* is not
specified
or ``None``, there is no limit to the wait time.
If the future is cancelled before completing then :exc:`CancelledError`
will be raised.
...
...
@@ -280,16 +280,16 @@ The :class:`Future` class encapulates the asynchronous execution of a callable.
.. method:: set_running_or_notify_cancel()
This method should only be called by :class:`Executor` implementations
before executing the work associated with the :class:`Future` and by
unit
tests.
before executing the work associated with the :class:`Future` and by
unit
tests.
If the method returns `False` then the :class:`Future` was cancelled
i.e.
:meth:`Future.cancel` was called and returned `True`. Any threads waiting
on the :class:`Future` completing (i.e. through :func:`as_completed` or
:func:`wait`) will be woken up.
If the method returns `False` then the :class:`Future` was cancelled
,
i.e. :meth:`Future.cancel` was called and returned `True`. Any threads
waiting on the :class:`Future` completing (i.e. through
:func:`
as_completed` or :func:`
wait`) will be woken up.
If the method returns `True` then the :class:`Future` was not cancelled
and has been put in the running state i.e. calls to
and has been put in the running state
,
i.e. calls to
:meth:`Future.running` will return `True`.
This method can only be called once and cannot be called after
...
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@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ The :class:`Future` class encapulates the asynchronous execution of a callable.
Module Functions
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
----------------
.. function:: wait(fs, timeout=None, return_when=ALL_COMPLETED)
...
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@@ -325,8 +325,8 @@ Module Functions
set, named ``not_done``, contains uncompleted futures.
*timeout* can be used to control the maximum number of seconds to wait before
returning.
*timeout* can be an int or float. If *timeout* is not specified or
``None``, there is no limit to the wait time.
returning.
*timeout* can be an int or float. If *timeout* is not specified
or
``None``, there is no limit to the wait time.
*return_when* indicates when this function should return. It must be one of
the following constants:
...
...
@@ -351,9 +351,16 @@ Module Functions
Returns an iterator over the :class:`Future` instances (possibly created by
different :class:`Executor` instances) given by *fs* that yields futures as
they complete (finished or were cancelled).
Any futures that completed before
:func:`as_completed` is called will be yielded first. The returned iterator
raises a :exc:`TimeoutError` if :meth:`__next__` is called and the result
isn't available after *timeout* seconds from the original call to
they complete (finished or were cancelled).
Any futures that completed
before :func:`as_completed` is called will be yielded first. The returned
iterator raises a :exc:`TimeoutError` if :meth:`__next__` is called and the
result
isn't available after *timeout* seconds from the original call to
:func:`as_completed`. *timeout* can be an int or float. If *timeout* is not
specified or ``None``, there is no limit to the wait time.
.. seealso::
:pep:`3148` -- futures - execute computations asynchronously
The proposal which described this feature for inclusion in the Python
standard library.
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