Commit 9af9498c authored by Georg Brandl's avatar Georg Brandl

Remove things specific to the old Macintosh, and spell "Mac OS X" consistently.

parent f2a2c796
...@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ This module provides the following functions. ...@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ This module provides the following functions.
``'posix'``, ``'nt'``), and *compiler* defaults to the default compiler for ``'posix'``, ``'nt'``), and *compiler* defaults to the default compiler for
that platform. Currently only ``'posix'`` and ``'nt'`` are supported, and the that platform. Currently only ``'posix'`` and ``'nt'`` are supported, and the
default compilers are "traditional Unix interface" (:class:`UnixCCompiler` default compilers are "traditional Unix interface" (:class:`UnixCCompiler`
class) and Visual C++(:class:`MSVCCompiler` class). Note that it's perfectly class) and Visual C++ (:class:`MSVCCompiler` class). Note that it's perfectly
possible to ask for a Unix compiler object under Windows, and a Microsoft possible to ask for a Unix compiler object under Windows, and a Microsoft
compiler object under Unix---if you supply a value for *compiler*, *plat* is compiler object under Unix---if you supply a value for *compiler*, *plat* is
ignored. ignored.
......
...@@ -302,8 +302,8 @@ or the :command:`bdist` command with the :option:`--formats` option:: ...@@ -302,8 +302,8 @@ or the :command:`bdist` command with the :option:`--formats` option::
If you have a pure module distribution (only containing pure Python modules and If you have a pure module distribution (only containing pure Python modules and
packages), the resulting installer will be version independent and have a name packages), the resulting installer will be version independent and have a name
like :file:`foo-1.0.win32.exe`. These installers can even be created on Unix or like :file:`foo-1.0.win32.exe`. These installers can even be created on Unix
Mac OS platforms. platforms or Mac OS X.
If you have a non-pure distribution, the extensions can only be created on a If you have a non-pure distribution, the extensions can only be created on a
Windows platform, and will be Python version dependent. The installer filename Windows platform, and will be Python version dependent. The installer filename
......
...@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ regular filename characters, ``?`` matches any single regular filename ...@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ regular filename characters, ``?`` matches any single regular filename
character, and ``[range]`` matches any of the characters in *range* (e.g., character, and ``[range]`` matches any of the characters in *range* (e.g.,
``a-z``, ``a-zA-Z``, ``a-f0-9_.``). The definition of "regular filename ``a-z``, ``a-zA-Z``, ``a-f0-9_.``). The definition of "regular filename
character" is platform-specific: on Unix it is anything except slash; on Windows character" is platform-specific: on Unix it is anything except slash; on Windows
anything except backslash or colon; on Mac OS 9 anything except colon. anything except backslash or colon.
**\*\*** Windows support not there yet **\*\*** **\*\*** Windows support not there yet **\*\***
......
...@@ -46,9 +46,7 @@ Distutils will take care of converting this platform-neutral representation into ...@@ -46,9 +46,7 @@ Distutils will take care of converting this platform-neutral representation into
whatever is appropriate on your current platform before actually using the whatever is appropriate on your current platform before actually using the
pathname. This makes your setup script portable across operating systems, which pathname. This makes your setup script portable across operating systems, which
of course is one of the major goals of the Distutils. In this spirit, all of course is one of the major goals of the Distutils. In this spirit, all
pathnames in this document are slash-separated. (Mac OS 9 programmers should pathnames in this document are slash-separated.
keep in mind that the *absence* of a leading slash indicates a relative path,
the opposite of the Mac OS convention with colons.)
This, of course, only applies to pathnames given to Distutils functions. If This, of course, only applies to pathnames given to Distutils functions. If
you, for example, use standard Python functions such as :func:`glob.glob` or you, for example, use standard Python functions such as :func:`glob.glob` or
......
...@@ -25,10 +25,9 @@ the Python interpreter to run some Python code. ...@@ -25,10 +25,9 @@ the Python interpreter to run some Python code.
So if you are embedding Python, you are providing your own main program. One of So if you are embedding Python, you are providing your own main program. One of
the things this main program has to do is initialize the Python interpreter. At the things this main program has to do is initialize the Python interpreter. At
the very least, you have to call the function :cfunc:`Py_Initialize` (on Mac OS, the very least, you have to call the function :cfunc:`Py_Initialize`. There are
call :cfunc:`PyMac_Initialize` instead). There are optional calls to pass optional calls to pass command line arguments to Python. Then later you can
command line arguments to Python. Then later you can call the interpreter from call the interpreter from any part of the application.
any part of the application.
There are several different ways to call the interpreter: you can pass a string There are several different ways to call the interpreter: you can pass a string
containing Python statements to :cfunc:`PyRun_SimpleString`, or you can pass a containing Python statements to :cfunc:`PyRun_SimpleString`, or you can pass a
......
...@@ -390,8 +390,7 @@ files. Don't try this on Windows. On Windows, ``select`` works with sockets ...@@ -390,8 +390,7 @@ files. Don't try this on Windows. On Windows, ``select`` works with sockets
only. Also note that in C, many of the more advanced socket options are done only. Also note that in C, many of the more advanced socket options are done
differently on Windows. In fact, on Windows I usually use threads (which work differently on Windows. In fact, on Windows I usually use threads (which work
very, very well) with my sockets. Face it, if you want any kind of performance, very, very well) with my sockets. Face it, if you want any kind of performance,
your code will look very different on Windows than on Unix. (I haven't the your code will look very different on Windows than on Unix.
foggiest how you do this stuff on a Mac.)
Performance Performance
......
...@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ Unicode filenames ...@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ Unicode filenames
Most of the operating systems in common use today support filenames that contain Most of the operating systems in common use today support filenames that contain
arbitrary Unicode characters. Usually this is implemented by converting the arbitrary Unicode characters. Usually this is implemented by converting the
Unicode string into some encoding that varies depending on the system. For Unicode string into some encoding that varies depending on the system. For
example, MacOS X uses UTF-8 while Windows uses a configurable encoding; on example, Mac OS X uses UTF-8 while Windows uses a configurable encoding; on
Windows, Python uses the name "mbcs" to refer to whatever the currently Windows, Python uses the name "mbcs" to refer to whatever the currently
configured encoding is. On Unix systems, there will only be a filesystem configured encoding is. On Unix systems, there will only be a filesystem
encoding if you've set the ``LANG`` or ``LC_CTYPE`` environment variables; if encoding if you've set the ``LANG`` or ``LC_CTYPE`` environment variables; if
......
...@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ There is an alternative, more powerful interface to the coder and decoder, see ...@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ There is an alternative, more powerful interface to the coder and decoder, see
the source for details. the source for details.
If you code or decode textfiles on non-Macintosh platforms they will still use If you code or decode textfiles on non-Macintosh platforms they will still use
the Macintosh newline convention (carriage-return as end of line). the old Macintosh newline convention (carriage-return as end of line).
As of this writing, :func:`hexbin` appears to not work in all cases. As of this writing, :func:`hexbin` appears to not work in all cases.
.. _toolbox: .. _toolbox:
********************* **********************
MacOS Toolbox Modules Mac OS Toolbox Modules
********************* **********************
There are a set of modules that provide interfaces to various MacOS toolboxes. There are a set of modules that provide interfaces to various Mac OS toolboxes.
If applicable the module will define a number of Python objects for the various If applicable the module will define a number of Python objects for the various
structures declared by the toolbox, and operations will be implemented as structures declared by the toolbox, and operations will be implemented as
methods of the object. Other operations will be implemented as functions in the methods of the object. Other operations will be implemented as functions in the
...@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ The ``CFBase``, ``CFArray``, ``CFData``, ``CFDictionary``, ``CFString`` and ...@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ The ``CFBase``, ``CFArray``, ``CFData``, ``CFDictionary``, ``CFString`` and
:deprecated: :deprecated:
This module is only fully available on MacOS9 and earlier under classic PPC This module is only fully available on Mac OS 9 and earlier under classic PPC
MacPython. Very limited functionality is available under Carbon MacPython. MacPython. Very limited functionality is available under Carbon MacPython.
.. index:: single: Scrap Manager .. index:: single: Scrap Manager
......
...@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@ run CGI scripts. ...@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@ run CGI scripts.
.. note:: .. note::
This module can run CGI scripts on Unix and Windows systems; on Mac OS it will This module can run CGI scripts on Unix and Windows systems.
only be able to run Python scripts within the same process as itself.
.. note:: .. note::
......
...@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ Window objects have the following methods, among others: ...@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ Window objects have the following methods, among others:
.. method:: Window.open() .. method:: Window.open()
Override this method to open a window. Store the MacOS window-id in Override this method to open a window. Store the Mac OS window-id in
:attr:`self.wid` and call the :meth:`do_postopen` method to register the window :attr:`self.wid` and call the :meth:`do_postopen` method to register the window
with the parent application. with the parent application.
......
...@@ -16,8 +16,7 @@ IDLE has the following features: ...@@ -16,8 +16,7 @@ IDLE has the following features:
* coded in 100% pure Python, using the :mod:`tkinter` GUI toolkit * coded in 100% pure Python, using the :mod:`tkinter` GUI toolkit
* cross-platform: works on Windows and Unix (on Mac OS, there are currently * cross-platform: works on Windows and Unix
problems with Tcl/Tk)
* multi-window text editor with multiple undo, Python colorizing and many other * multi-window text editor with multiple undo, Python colorizing and many other
features, e.g. smart indent and call tips features, e.g. smart indent and call tips
......
...@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ This module provides an interface to the mechanisms used to implement the ...@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ This module provides an interface to the mechanisms used to implement the
searched, but first it searches a few special places: it tries to find a searched, but first it searches a few special places: it tries to find a
built-in module with the given name (:const:`C_BUILTIN`), then a frozen built-in module with the given name (:const:`C_BUILTIN`), then a frozen
module (:const:`PY_FROZEN`), and on some systems some other places are looked module (:const:`PY_FROZEN`), and on some systems some other places are looked
in as well (on the Mac, it looks for a resource (:const:`PY_RESOURCE`); on in as well (on Windows, it looks in the registry which may point to a
Windows, it looks in the registry which may point to a specific file). specific file).
If search is successful, the return value is a 3-element tuple ``(file, If search is successful, the return value is a 3-element tuple ``(file,
pathname, description)``: pathname, description)``:
...@@ -153,12 +153,6 @@ indicate the search result of :func:`find_module`. ...@@ -153,12 +153,6 @@ indicate the search result of :func:`find_module`.
The module was found as dynamically loadable shared library. The module was found as dynamically loadable shared library.
.. data:: PY_RESOURCE
The module was found as a Mac OS 9 resource. This value can only be returned on
a Mac OS 9 or earlier Macintosh.
.. data:: PKG_DIRECTORY .. data:: PKG_DIRECTORY
The module was found as a package directory. The module was found as a package directory.
......
...@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ everyday programming. Some of these modules are explicitly designed to ...@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ everyday programming. Some of these modules are explicitly designed to
encourage and enhance the portability of Python programs by abstracting encourage and enhance the portability of Python programs by abstracting
away platform-specifics into platform-neutral APIs. away platform-specifics into platform-neutral APIs.
The Python installers for the Windows and Mac platforms usually include The Python installers for the Windows platform usually includes
the entire standard library and often also include many additional the entire standard library and often also include many additional
components. For Unix-like operating systems Python is normally provided components. For Unix-like operating systems Python is normally provided
as a collection of packages, so it may be necessary to use the packaging as a collection of packages, so it may be necessary to use the packaging
......
.. _mac-specific-services: .. _mac-specific-services:
************************* **************************
MacOS X specific services Mac OS X specific services
************************* **************************
This chapter describes modules that are only available on the Mac OS X platform. This chapter describes modules that are only available on the Mac OS X platform.
...@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Mac-specific Python programming. ...@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Mac-specific Python programming.
.. warning:: .. warning::
These modules are deprecated and are removed in 3.0 These modules are deprecated and are removed in 3.0.
.. toctree:: .. toctree::
......
:mod:`MacOS` --- Access to Mac OS interpreter features :mod:`MacOS` --- Access to Mac OS interpreter features
====================================================== ======================================================
......
:mod:`macpath` --- MacOS 9 path manipulation functions :mod:`macpath` --- Mac OS 9 path manipulation functions
====================================================== =======================================================
.. module:: macpath .. module:: macpath
:synopsis: MacOS 9 path manipulation functions. :synopsis: Mac OS 9 path manipulation functions.
This module is the Mac OS 9 (and earlier) implementation of the :mod:`os.path` This module is the Mac OS 9 (and earlier) implementation of the :mod:`os.path`
......
...@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ For an example of the usage of queues for interprocess communication see ...@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ For an example of the usage of queues for interprocess communication see
multithreading/multiprocessing semantics, this number is not reliable. multithreading/multiprocessing semantics, this number is not reliable.
Note that this may raise :exc:`NotImplementedError` on Unix platforms like Note that this may raise :exc:`NotImplementedError` on Unix platforms like
MacOS X where ``sem_getvalue()`` is not implemented. Mac OS X where ``sem_getvalue()`` is not implemented.
.. method:: empty() .. method:: empty()
...@@ -774,7 +774,7 @@ object -- see :ref:`multiprocessing-managers`. ...@@ -774,7 +774,7 @@ object -- see :ref:`multiprocessing-managers`.
A bounded semaphore object: a clone of :class:`threading.BoundedSemaphore`. A bounded semaphore object: a clone of :class:`threading.BoundedSemaphore`.
(On Mac OSX this is indistinguishable from :class:`Semaphore` because (On Mac OS X this is indistinguishable from :class:`Semaphore` because
``sem_getvalue()`` is not implemented on that platform). ``sem_getvalue()`` is not implemented on that platform).
.. class:: Condition([lock]) .. class:: Condition([lock])
......
...@@ -226,13 +226,13 @@ write files see :func:`open`, and for accessing the filesystem see the ...@@ -226,13 +226,13 @@ write files see :func:`open`, and for accessing the filesystem see the
Return ``True`` if both pathname arguments refer to the same file or directory Return ``True`` if both pathname arguments refer to the same file or directory
(as indicated by device number and i-node number). Raise an exception if a (as indicated by device number and i-node number). Raise an exception if a
:func:`os.stat` call on either pathname fails. Availability: Macintosh, Unix. :func:`os.stat` call on either pathname fails. Availability: Unix.
.. function:: sameopenfile(fp1, fp2) .. function:: sameopenfile(fp1, fp2)
Return ``True`` if the file descriptors *fp1* and *fp2* refer to the same file. Return ``True`` if the file descriptors *fp1* and *fp2* refer to the same file.
Availability: Macintosh, Unix. Availability: Unix.
.. function:: samestat(stat1, stat2) .. function:: samestat(stat1, stat2)
...@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ write files see :func:`open`, and for accessing the filesystem see the ...@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ write files see :func:`open`, and for accessing the filesystem see the
Return ``True`` if the stat tuples *stat1* and *stat2* refer to the same file. Return ``True`` if the stat tuples *stat1* and *stat2* refer to the same file.
These structures may have been returned by :func:`fstat`, :func:`lstat`, or These structures may have been returned by :func:`fstat`, :func:`lstat`, or
:func:`stat`. This function implements the underlying comparison used by :func:`stat`. This function implements the underlying comparison used by
:func:`samefile` and :func:`sameopenfile`. Availability: Macintosh, Unix. :func:`samefile` and :func:`sameopenfile`. Availability: Unix.
.. function:: split(path) .. function:: split(path)
......
...@@ -22,6 +22,11 @@ interface). ...@@ -22,6 +22,11 @@ interface).
Extensions peculiar to a particular operating system are also available through Extensions peculiar to a particular operating system are also available through
the :mod:`os` module, but using them is of course a threat to portability! the :mod:`os` module, but using them is of course a threat to portability!
.. note::
If not separately noted, all functions that claim "Availability: Unix" are
supported on Mac OS X, which builds on a Unix core.
.. note:: .. note::
All functions in this module raise :exc:`OSError` in the case of invalid or All functions in this module raise :exc:`OSError` in the case of invalid or
...@@ -44,7 +49,7 @@ the :mod:`os` module, but using them is of course a threat to portability! ...@@ -44,7 +49,7 @@ the :mod:`os` module, but using them is of course a threat to portability!
.. data:: path .. data:: path
The corresponding operating system dependent standard module for pathname The corresponding operating system dependent standard module for pathname
operations, such as :mod:`posixpath` or :mod:`macpath`. Thus, given the proper operations, such as :mod:`posixpath` or :mod:`ntpath`. Thus, given the proper
imports, ``os.path.split(file)`` is equivalent to but more portable than imports, ``os.path.split(file)`` is equivalent to but more portable than
``posixpath.split(file)``. Note that this is also an importable module: it may ``posixpath.split(file)``. Note that this is also an importable module: it may
be imported directly as :mod:`os.path`. be imported directly as :mod:`os.path`.
...@@ -81,8 +86,9 @@ process and user. ...@@ -81,8 +86,9 @@ process and user.
.. note:: .. note::
On some platforms, including FreeBSD and Mac OS X, setting ``environ`` may cause On some platforms, including FreeBSD and Mac OS X, setting ``environ`` may
memory leaks. Refer to the system documentation for :cfunc:`putenv`. cause memory leaks. Refer to the system documentation for
:cfunc:`putenv`.
If :func:`putenv` is not provided, a modified copy of this mapping may be If :func:`putenv` is not provided, a modified copy of this mapping may be
passed to the appropriate process-creation functions to cause child processes passed to the appropriate process-creation functions to cause child processes
...@@ -202,8 +208,8 @@ process and user. ...@@ -202,8 +208,8 @@ process and user.
.. note:: .. note::
On some platforms, including FreeBSD and Mac OS X, setting ``environ`` may cause On some platforms, including FreeBSD and Mac OS X, setting ``environ`` may
memory leaks. Refer to the system documentation for putenv. cause memory leaks. Refer to the system documentation for putenv.
When :func:`putenv` is supported, assignments to items in ``os.environ`` are When :func:`putenv` is supported, assignments to items in ``os.environ`` are
automatically translated into corresponding calls to :func:`putenv`; however, automatically translated into corresponding calls to :func:`putenv`; however,
...@@ -338,7 +344,7 @@ These functions create new file objects. (See also :func:`open`.) ...@@ -338,7 +344,7 @@ These functions create new file objects. (See also :func:`open`.)
Return an open file object connected to the file descriptor *fd*. The *mode* Return an open file object connected to the file descriptor *fd*. The *mode*
and *bufsize* arguments have the same meaning as the corresponding arguments to and *bufsize* arguments have the same meaning as the corresponding arguments to
the built-in :func:`open` function. Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Windows. the built-in :func:`open` function. Availability: Unix, Windows.
.. versionchanged:: 2.3 .. versionchanged:: 2.3
When specified, the *mode* argument must now start with one of the letters When specified, the *mode* argument must now start with one of the letters
...@@ -359,7 +365,7 @@ These functions create new file objects. (See also :func:`open`.) ...@@ -359,7 +365,7 @@ These functions create new file objects. (See also :func:`open`.)
status of the command (encoded in the format specified for :func:`wait`) is status of the command (encoded in the format specified for :func:`wait`) is
available as the return value of the :meth:`close` method of the file object, available as the return value of the :meth:`close` method of the file object,
except that when the exit status is zero (termination without errors), ``None`` except that when the exit status is zero (termination without errors), ``None``
is returned. Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Windows. is returned. Availability: Unix, Windows.
.. deprecated:: 2.6 .. deprecated:: 2.6
This function is obsolete. Use the :mod:`subprocess` module. Check This function is obsolete. Use the :mod:`subprocess` module. Check
...@@ -376,7 +382,7 @@ These functions create new file objects. (See also :func:`open`.) ...@@ -376,7 +382,7 @@ These functions create new file objects. (See also :func:`open`.)
Return a new file object opened in update mode (``w+b``). The file has no Return a new file object opened in update mode (``w+b``). The file has no
directory entries associated with it and will be automatically deleted once directory entries associated with it and will be automatically deleted once
there are no file descriptors for the file. Availability: Macintosh, Unix, there are no file descriptors for the file. Availability: Unix,
Windows. Windows.
There are a number of different :func:`popen\*` functions that provide slightly There are a number of different :func:`popen\*` functions that provide slightly
...@@ -415,7 +421,7 @@ functions, see :ref:`popen2-flow-control`. ...@@ -415,7 +421,7 @@ functions, see :ref:`popen2-flow-control`.
This function is obsolete. Use the :mod:`subprocess` module. Check This function is obsolete. Use the :mod:`subprocess` module. Check
especially the :ref:`subprocess-replacements` section. especially the :ref:`subprocess-replacements` section.
Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Windows. Availability: Unix, Windows.
.. versionadded:: 2.0 .. versionadded:: 2.0
...@@ -429,7 +435,7 @@ functions, see :ref:`popen2-flow-control`. ...@@ -429,7 +435,7 @@ functions, see :ref:`popen2-flow-control`.
This function is obsolete. Use the :mod:`subprocess` module. Check This function is obsolete. Use the :mod:`subprocess` module. Check
especially the :ref:`subprocess-replacements` section. especially the :ref:`subprocess-replacements` section.
Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Windows. Availability: Unix, Windows.
.. versionadded:: 2.0 .. versionadded:: 2.0
...@@ -443,7 +449,7 @@ functions, see :ref:`popen2-flow-control`. ...@@ -443,7 +449,7 @@ functions, see :ref:`popen2-flow-control`.
This function is obsolete. Use the :mod:`subprocess` module. Check This function is obsolete. Use the :mod:`subprocess` module. Check
especially the :ref:`subprocess-replacements` section. especially the :ref:`subprocess-replacements` section.
Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Windows. Availability: Unix, Windows.
.. versionadded:: 2.0 .. versionadded:: 2.0
...@@ -473,7 +479,7 @@ by file descriptors. ...@@ -473,7 +479,7 @@ by file descriptors.
.. function:: close(fd) .. function:: close(fd)
Close file descriptor *fd*. Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Windows. Close file descriptor *fd*. Availability: Unix, Windows.
.. note:: .. note::
...@@ -486,7 +492,7 @@ by file descriptors. ...@@ -486,7 +492,7 @@ by file descriptors.
.. function:: closerange(fd_low, fd_high) .. function:: closerange(fd_low, fd_high)
Close all file descriptors from *fd_low* (inclusive) to *fd_high* (exclusive), Close all file descriptors from *fd_low* (inclusive) to *fd_high* (exclusive),
ignoring errors. Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Windows. Equivalent to:: ignoring errors. Availability: Unix, Windows. Equivalent to::
for fd in xrange(fd_low, fd_high): for fd in xrange(fd_low, fd_high):
try: try:
...@@ -499,14 +505,14 @@ by file descriptors. ...@@ -499,14 +505,14 @@ by file descriptors.
.. function:: dup(fd) .. function:: dup(fd)
Return a duplicate of file descriptor *fd*. Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Return a duplicate of file descriptor *fd*. Availability: Unix,
Windows. Windows.
.. function:: dup2(fd, fd2) .. function:: dup2(fd, fd2)
Duplicate file descriptor *fd* to *fd2*, closing the latter first if necessary. Duplicate file descriptor *fd* to *fd2*, closing the latter first if necessary.
Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Windows. Availability: Unix, Windows.
.. function:: fchmod(fd, mode) .. function:: fchmod(fd, mode)
...@@ -541,7 +547,7 @@ by file descriptors. ...@@ -541,7 +547,7 @@ by file descriptors.
additional names as well. The names known to the host operating system are additional names as well. The names known to the host operating system are
given in the ``pathconf_names`` dictionary. For configuration variables not given in the ``pathconf_names`` dictionary. For configuration variables not
included in that mapping, passing an integer for *name* is also accepted. included in that mapping, passing an integer for *name* is also accepted.
Availability: Macintosh, Unix. Availability: Unix.
If *name* is a string and is not known, :exc:`ValueError` is raised. If a If *name* is a string and is not known, :exc:`ValueError` is raised. If a
specific value for *name* is not supported by the host system, even if it is specific value for *name* is not supported by the host system, even if it is
...@@ -552,7 +558,7 @@ by file descriptors. ...@@ -552,7 +558,7 @@ by file descriptors.
.. function:: fstat(fd) .. function:: fstat(fd)
Return status for file descriptor *fd*, like :func:`stat`. Availability: Return status for file descriptor *fd*, like :func:`stat`. Availability:
Macintosh, Unix, Windows. Unix, Windows.
.. function:: fstatvfs(fd) .. function:: fstatvfs(fd)
...@@ -568,20 +574,20 @@ by file descriptors. ...@@ -568,20 +574,20 @@ by file descriptors.
If you're starting with a Python file object *f*, first do ``f.flush()``, and If you're starting with a Python file object *f*, first do ``f.flush()``, and
then do ``os.fsync(f.fileno())``, to ensure that all internal buffers associated then do ``os.fsync(f.fileno())``, to ensure that all internal buffers associated
with *f* are written to disk. Availability: Macintosh, Unix, and Windows with *f* are written to disk. Availability: Unix, and Windows
starting in 2.2.3. starting in 2.2.3.
.. function:: ftruncate(fd, length) .. function:: ftruncate(fd, length)
Truncate the file corresponding to file descriptor *fd*, so that it is at most Truncate the file corresponding to file descriptor *fd*, so that it is at most
*length* bytes in size. Availability: Macintosh, Unix. *length* bytes in size. Availability: Unix.
.. function:: isatty(fd) .. function:: isatty(fd)
Return ``True`` if the file descriptor *fd* is open and connected to a Return ``True`` if the file descriptor *fd* is open and connected to a
tty(-like) device, else ``False``. Availability: Macintosh, Unix. tty(-like) device, else ``False``. Availability: Unix.
.. function:: lseek(fd, pos, how) .. function:: lseek(fd, pos, how)
...@@ -590,7 +596,7 @@ by file descriptors. ...@@ -590,7 +596,7 @@ by file descriptors.
by *how*: :const:`SEEK_SET` or ``0`` to set the position relative to the by *how*: :const:`SEEK_SET` or ``0`` to set the position relative to the
beginning of the file; :const:`SEEK_CUR` or ``1`` to set it relative to the beginning of the file; :const:`SEEK_CUR` or ``1`` to set it relative to the
current position; :const:`os.SEEK_END` or ``2`` to set it relative to the end of current position; :const:`os.SEEK_END` or ``2`` to set it relative to the end of
the file. Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Windows. the file. Availability: Unix, Windows.
.. function:: open(file, flags[, mode]) .. function:: open(file, flags[, mode])
...@@ -598,7 +604,7 @@ by file descriptors. ...@@ -598,7 +604,7 @@ by file descriptors.
Open the file *file* and set various flags according to *flags* and possibly its Open the file *file* and set various flags according to *flags* and possibly its
mode according to *mode*. The default *mode* is ``0777`` (octal), and the mode according to *mode*. The default *mode* is ``0777`` (octal), and the
current umask value is first masked out. Return the file descriptor for the current umask value is first masked out. Return the file descriptor for the
newly opened file. Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Windows. newly opened file. Availability: Unix, Windows.
For a description of the flag and mode values, see the C run-time documentation; For a description of the flag and mode values, see the C run-time documentation;
flag constants (like :const:`O_RDONLY` and :const:`O_WRONLY`) are defined in flag constants (like :const:`O_RDONLY` and :const:`O_WRONLY`) are defined in
...@@ -618,21 +624,21 @@ by file descriptors. ...@@ -618,21 +624,21 @@ by file descriptors.
Open a new pseudo-terminal pair. Return a pair of file descriptors ``(master, Open a new pseudo-terminal pair. Return a pair of file descriptors ``(master,
slave)`` for the pty and the tty, respectively. For a (slightly) more portable slave)`` for the pty and the tty, respectively. For a (slightly) more portable
approach, use the :mod:`pty` module. Availability: Macintosh, some flavors of approach, use the :mod:`pty` module. Availability: some flavors of
Unix. Unix.
.. function:: pipe() .. function:: pipe()
Create a pipe. Return a pair of file descriptors ``(r, w)`` usable for reading Create a pipe. Return a pair of file descriptors ``(r, w)`` usable for reading
and writing, respectively. Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Windows. and writing, respectively. Availability: Unix, Windows.
.. function:: read(fd, n) .. function:: read(fd, n)
Read at most *n* bytes from file descriptor *fd*. Return a string containing the Read at most *n* bytes from file descriptor *fd*. Return a string containing the
bytes read. If the end of the file referred to by *fd* has been reached, an bytes read. If the end of the file referred to by *fd* has been reached, an
empty string is returned. Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Windows. empty string is returned. Availability: Unix, Windows.
.. note:: .. note::
...@@ -646,26 +652,26 @@ by file descriptors. ...@@ -646,26 +652,26 @@ by file descriptors.
.. function:: tcgetpgrp(fd) .. function:: tcgetpgrp(fd)
Return the process group associated with the terminal given by *fd* (an open Return the process group associated with the terminal given by *fd* (an open
file descriptor as returned by :func:`open`). Availability: Macintosh, Unix. file descriptor as returned by :func:`open`). Availability: Unix.
.. function:: tcsetpgrp(fd, pg) .. function:: tcsetpgrp(fd, pg)
Set the process group associated with the terminal given by *fd* (an open file Set the process group associated with the terminal given by *fd* (an open file
descriptor as returned by :func:`open`) to *pg*. Availability: Macintosh, Unix. descriptor as returned by :func:`open`) to *pg*. Availability: Unix.
.. function:: ttyname(fd) .. function:: ttyname(fd)
Return a string which specifies the terminal device associated with Return a string which specifies the terminal device associated with
file descriptor *fd*. If *fd* is not associated with a terminal device, an file descriptor *fd*. If *fd* is not associated with a terminal device, an
exception is raised. Availability:Macintosh, Unix. exception is raised. Availability: Unix.
.. function:: write(fd, str) .. function:: write(fd, str)
Write the string *str* to file descriptor *fd*. Return the number of bytes Write the string *str* to file descriptor *fd*. Return the number of bytes
actually written. Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Windows. actually written. Availability: Unix, Windows.
.. note:: .. note::
...@@ -690,7 +696,7 @@ platforms. For descriptions of their availability and use, consult ...@@ -690,7 +696,7 @@ platforms. For descriptions of their availability and use, consult
O_TRUNC O_TRUNC
Options for the *flag* argument to the :func:`open` function. These can be Options for the *flag* argument to the :func:`open` function. These can be
combined using the bitwise OR operator ``|``. Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Windows. combined using the bitwise OR operator ``|``. Availability: Unix, Windows.
.. data:: O_DSYNC .. data:: O_DSYNC
...@@ -703,7 +709,7 @@ platforms. For descriptions of their availability and use, consult ...@@ -703,7 +709,7 @@ platforms. For descriptions of their availability and use, consult
O_EXLOCK O_EXLOCK
More options for the *flag* argument to the :func:`open` function. Availability: More options for the *flag* argument to the :func:`open` function. Availability:
Macintosh, Unix. Unix.
.. data:: O_BINARY .. data:: O_BINARY
...@@ -733,7 +739,7 @@ platforms. For descriptions of their availability and use, consult ...@@ -733,7 +739,7 @@ platforms. For descriptions of their availability and use, consult
SEEK_END SEEK_END
Parameters to the :func:`lseek` function. Their values are 0, 1, and 2, Parameters to the :func:`lseek` function. Their values are 0, 1, and 2,
respectively. Availability: Windows, Macintosh, Unix. respectively. Availability: Windows, Unix.
.. versionadded:: 2.5 .. versionadded:: 2.5
...@@ -752,7 +758,7 @@ Files and Directories ...@@ -752,7 +758,7 @@ Files and Directories
can be the inclusive OR of one or more of :const:`R_OK`, :const:`W_OK`, and can be the inclusive OR of one or more of :const:`R_OK`, :const:`W_OK`, and
:const:`X_OK` to test permissions. Return :const:`True` if access is allowed, :const:`X_OK` to test permissions. Return :const:`True` if access is allowed,
:const:`False` if not. See the Unix man page :manpage:`access(2)` for more :const:`False` if not. See the Unix man page :manpage:`access(2)` for more
information. Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Windows. information. Availability: Unix, Windows.
.. note:: .. note::
...@@ -796,7 +802,7 @@ Files and Directories ...@@ -796,7 +802,7 @@ Files and Directories
.. index:: single: directory; changing .. index:: single: directory; changing
Change the current working directory to *path*. Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Change the current working directory to *path*. Availability: Unix,
Windows. Windows.
...@@ -812,13 +818,13 @@ Files and Directories ...@@ -812,13 +818,13 @@ Files and Directories
.. function:: getcwd() .. function:: getcwd()
Return a string representing the current working directory. Availability: Return a string representing the current working directory. Availability:
Macintosh, Unix, Windows. Unix, Windows.
.. function:: getcwdu() .. function:: getcwdu()
Return a Unicode object representing the current working directory. Return a Unicode object representing the current working directory.
Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Windows. Availability: Unix, Windows.
.. versionadded:: 2.3 .. versionadded:: 2.3
...@@ -839,7 +845,7 @@ Files and Directories ...@@ -839,7 +845,7 @@ Files and Directories
* ``SF_NOUNLINK`` * ``SF_NOUNLINK``
* ``SF_SNAPSHOT`` * ``SF_SNAPSHOT``
Availability: Macintosh, Unix. Availability: Unix.
.. versionadded:: 2.6 .. versionadded:: 2.6
...@@ -847,7 +853,7 @@ Files and Directories ...@@ -847,7 +853,7 @@ Files and Directories
.. function:: chroot(path) .. function:: chroot(path)
Change the root directory of the current process to *path*. Availability: Change the root directory of the current process to *path*. Availability:
Macintosh, Unix. Unix.
.. versionadded:: 2.2 .. versionadded:: 2.2
...@@ -879,7 +885,7 @@ Files and Directories ...@@ -879,7 +885,7 @@ Files and Directories
* ``stat.S_IWOTH`` * ``stat.S_IWOTH``
* ``stat.S_IXOTH`` * ``stat.S_IXOTH``
Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Windows. Availability: Unix, Windows.
.. note:: .. note::
...@@ -892,7 +898,7 @@ Files and Directories ...@@ -892,7 +898,7 @@ Files and Directories
.. function:: chown(path, uid, gid) .. function:: chown(path, uid, gid)
Change the owner and group id of *path* to the numeric *uid* and *gid*. To leave Change the owner and group id of *path* to the numeric *uid* and *gid*. To leave
one of the ids unchanged, set it to -1. Availability: Macintosh, Unix. one of the ids unchanged, set it to -1. Availability: Unix.
.. function:: lchflags(path, flags) .. function:: lchflags(path, flags)
...@@ -915,21 +921,21 @@ Files and Directories ...@@ -915,21 +921,21 @@ Files and Directories
.. function:: lchown(path, uid, gid) .. function:: lchown(path, uid, gid)
Change the owner and group id of *path* to the numeric *uid* and *gid*. This Change the owner and group id of *path* to the numeric *uid* and *gid*. This
function will not follow symbolic links. Availability: Macintosh, Unix. function will not follow symbolic links. Availability: Unix.
.. versionadded:: 2.3 .. versionadded:: 2.3
.. function:: link(src, dst) .. function:: link(src, dst)
Create a hard link pointing to *src* named *dst*. Availability: Macintosh, Unix. Create a hard link pointing to *src* named *dst*. Availability: Unix.
.. function:: listdir(path) .. function:: listdir(path)
Return a list containing the names of the entries in the directory. The list is Return a list containing the names of the entries in the directory. The list is
in arbitrary order. It does not include the special entries ``'.'`` and in arbitrary order. It does not include the special entries ``'.'`` and
``'..'`` even if they are present in the directory. Availability: Macintosh, ``'..'`` even if they are present in the directory. Availability:
Unix, Windows. Unix, Windows.
.. versionchanged:: 2.3 .. versionchanged:: 2.3
...@@ -948,7 +954,7 @@ Files and Directories ...@@ -948,7 +954,7 @@ Files and Directories
Create a FIFO (a named pipe) named *path* with numeric mode *mode*. The default Create a FIFO (a named pipe) named *path* with numeric mode *mode*. The default
*mode* is ``0666`` (octal). The current umask value is first masked out from *mode* is ``0666`` (octal). The current umask value is first masked out from
the mode. Availability: Macintosh, Unix. the mode. Availability: Unix.
FIFOs are pipes that can be accessed like regular files. FIFOs exist until they FIFOs are pipes that can be accessed like regular files. FIFOs exist until they
are deleted (for example with :func:`os.unlink`). Generally, FIFOs are used as are deleted (for example with :func:`os.unlink`). Generally, FIFOs are used as
...@@ -998,7 +1004,7 @@ Files and Directories ...@@ -998,7 +1004,7 @@ Files and Directories
Create a directory named *path* with numeric mode *mode*. The default *mode* is Create a directory named *path* with numeric mode *mode*. The default *mode* is
``0777`` (octal). On some systems, *mode* is ignored. Where it is used, the ``0777`` (octal). On some systems, *mode* is ignored. Where it is used, the
current umask value is first masked out. Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Windows. current umask value is first masked out. Availability: Unix, Windows.
It is also possible to create temporary directories; see the It is also possible to create temporary directories; see the
:mod:`tempfile` module's :func:`tempfile.mkdtemp` function. :mod:`tempfile` module's :func:`tempfile.mkdtemp` function.
...@@ -1036,7 +1042,7 @@ Files and Directories ...@@ -1036,7 +1042,7 @@ Files and Directories
additional names as well. The names known to the host operating system are additional names as well. The names known to the host operating system are
given in the ``pathconf_names`` dictionary. For configuration variables not given in the ``pathconf_names`` dictionary. For configuration variables not
included in that mapping, passing an integer for *name* is also accepted. included in that mapping, passing an integer for *name* is also accepted.
Availability: Macintosh, Unix. Availability: Unix.
If *name* is a string and is not known, :exc:`ValueError` is raised. If a If *name* is a string and is not known, :exc:`ValueError` is raised. If a
specific value for *name* is not supported by the host system, even if it is specific value for *name* is not supported by the host system, even if it is
...@@ -1049,7 +1055,7 @@ Files and Directories ...@@ -1049,7 +1055,7 @@ Files and Directories
Dictionary mapping names accepted by :func:`pathconf` and :func:`fpathconf` to Dictionary mapping names accepted by :func:`pathconf` and :func:`fpathconf` to
the integer values defined for those names by the host operating system. This the integer values defined for those names by the host operating system. This
can be used to determine the set of names known to the system. Availability: can be used to determine the set of names known to the system. Availability:
Macintosh, Unix. Unix.
.. function:: readlink(path) .. function:: readlink(path)
...@@ -1062,7 +1068,7 @@ Files and Directories ...@@ -1062,7 +1068,7 @@ Files and Directories
.. versionchanged:: 2.6 .. versionchanged:: 2.6
If the *path* is a Unicode object the result will also be a Unicode object. If the *path* is a Unicode object the result will also be a Unicode object.
Availability: Macintosh, Unix. Availability: Unix.
.. function:: remove(path) .. function:: remove(path)
...@@ -1072,7 +1078,7 @@ Files and Directories ...@@ -1072,7 +1078,7 @@ Files and Directories
:func:`unlink` function documented below. On Windows, attempting to remove a :func:`unlink` function documented below. On Windows, attempting to remove a
file that is in use causes an exception to be raised; on Unix, the directory file that is in use causes an exception to be raised; on Unix, the directory
entry is removed but the storage allocated to the file is not made available entry is removed but the storage allocated to the file is not made available
until the original file is no longer in use. Availability: Macintosh, Unix, until the original file is no longer in use. Availability: Unix,
Windows. Windows.
...@@ -1101,7 +1107,7 @@ Files and Directories ...@@ -1101,7 +1107,7 @@ Files and Directories
the renaming will be an atomic operation (this is a POSIX requirement). On the renaming will be an atomic operation (this is a POSIX requirement). On
Windows, if *dst* already exists, :exc:`OSError` will be raised even if it is a Windows, if *dst* already exists, :exc:`OSError` will be raised even if it is a
file; there may be no way to implement an atomic rename when *dst* names an file; there may be no way to implement an atomic rename when *dst* names an
existing file. Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Windows. existing file. Availability: Unix, Windows.
.. function:: renames(old, new) .. function:: renames(old, new)
...@@ -1121,7 +1127,7 @@ Files and Directories ...@@ -1121,7 +1127,7 @@ Files and Directories
.. function:: rmdir(path) .. function:: rmdir(path)
Remove the directory *path*. Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Windows. Remove the directory *path*. Availability: Unix, Windows.
.. function:: stat(path) .. function:: stat(path)
...@@ -1185,7 +1191,7 @@ Files and Directories ...@@ -1185,7 +1191,7 @@ Files and Directories
:attr:`st_mtime` has 2-second resolution, and :attr:`st_atime` has only 1-day :attr:`st_mtime` has 2-second resolution, and :attr:`st_atime` has only 1-day
resolution. See your operating system documentation for details. resolution. See your operating system documentation for details.
Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Windows. Availability: Unix, Windows.
.. versionchanged:: 2.2 .. versionchanged:: 2.2
Added access to values as attributes of the returned object. Added access to values as attributes of the returned object.
...@@ -1265,7 +1271,7 @@ Files and Directories ...@@ -1265,7 +1271,7 @@ Files and Directories
Use of :func:`tempnam` is vulnerable to symlink attacks; consider using Use of :func:`tempnam` is vulnerable to symlink attacks; consider using
:func:`tmpfile` (section :ref:`os-newstreams`) instead. :func:`tmpfile` (section :ref:`os-newstreams`) instead.
Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Windows. Availability: Unix, Windows.
.. function:: tmpnam() .. function:: tmpnam()
...@@ -1297,7 +1303,7 @@ Files and Directories ...@@ -1297,7 +1303,7 @@ Files and Directories
.. function:: unlink(path) .. function:: unlink(path)
Remove the file *path*. This is the same function as :func:`remove`; the Remove the file *path*. This is the same function as :func:`remove`; the
:func:`unlink` name is its traditional Unix name. Availability: Macintosh, Unix, :func:`unlink` name is its traditional Unix name. Availability: Unix,
Windows. Windows.
...@@ -1317,7 +1323,7 @@ Files and Directories ...@@ -1317,7 +1323,7 @@ Files and Directories
.. versionchanged:: 2.0 .. versionchanged:: 2.0
Added support for ``None`` for *times*. Added support for ``None`` for *times*.
Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Windows. Availability: Unix, Windows.
.. function:: walk(top[, topdown=True [, onerror=None[, followlinks=False]]]) .. function:: walk(top[, topdown=True [, onerror=None[, followlinks=False]]])
...@@ -1430,7 +1436,7 @@ to be ignored. ...@@ -1430,7 +1436,7 @@ to be ignored.
behavior is to produce a core dump; on Windows, the process immediately returns behavior is to produce a core dump; on Windows, the process immediately returns
an exit code of ``3``. Be aware that programs which use :func:`signal.signal` an exit code of ``3``. Be aware that programs which use :func:`signal.signal`
to register a handler for :const:`SIGABRT` will behave differently. to register a handler for :const:`SIGABRT` will behave differently.
Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Windows. Availability: Unix, Windows.
.. function:: execl(path, arg0, arg1, ...) .. function:: execl(path, arg0, arg1, ...)
...@@ -1471,14 +1477,14 @@ to be ignored. ...@@ -1471,14 +1477,14 @@ to be ignored.
used to define the environment variables for the new process (these are used used to define the environment variables for the new process (these are used
instead of the current process' environment); the functions :func:`execl`, instead of the current process' environment); the functions :func:`execl`,
:func:`execlp`, :func:`execv`, and :func:`execvp` all cause the new process to :func:`execlp`, :func:`execv`, and :func:`execvp` all cause the new process to
inherit the environment of the current process. Availability: Macintosh, Unix, inherit the environment of the current process. Availability: Unix,
Windows. Windows.
.. function:: _exit(n) .. function:: _exit(n)
Exit to the system with status *n*, without calling cleanup handlers, flushing Exit to the system with status *n*, without calling cleanup handlers, flushing
stdio buffers, etc. Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Windows. stdio buffers, etc. Availability: Unix, Windows.
.. note:: .. note::
...@@ -1498,7 +1504,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program. ...@@ -1498,7 +1504,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
.. data:: EX_OK .. data:: EX_OK
Exit code that means no error occurred. Availability: Macintosh, Unix. Exit code that means no error occurred. Availability: Unix.
.. versionadded:: 2.3 .. versionadded:: 2.3
...@@ -1506,15 +1512,14 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program. ...@@ -1506,15 +1512,14 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
.. data:: EX_USAGE .. data:: EX_USAGE
Exit code that means the command was used incorrectly, such as when the wrong Exit code that means the command was used incorrectly, such as when the wrong
number of arguments are given. Availability: Macintosh, Unix. number of arguments are given. Availability: Unix.
.. versionadded:: 2.3 .. versionadded:: 2.3
.. data:: EX_DATAERR .. data:: EX_DATAERR
Exit code that means the input data was incorrect. Availability: Macintosh, Exit code that means the input data was incorrect. Availability: Unix.
Unix.
.. versionadded:: 2.3 .. versionadded:: 2.3
...@@ -1522,23 +1527,21 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program. ...@@ -1522,23 +1527,21 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
.. data:: EX_NOINPUT .. data:: EX_NOINPUT
Exit code that means an input file did not exist or was not readable. Exit code that means an input file did not exist or was not readable.
Availability: Macintosh, Unix. Availability: Unix.
.. versionadded:: 2.3 .. versionadded:: 2.3
.. data:: EX_NOUSER .. data:: EX_NOUSER
Exit code that means a specified user did not exist. Availability: Macintosh, Exit code that means a specified user did not exist. Availability: Unix.
Unix.
.. versionadded:: 2.3 .. versionadded:: 2.3
.. data:: EX_NOHOST .. data:: EX_NOHOST
Exit code that means a specified host did not exist. Availability: Macintosh, Exit code that means a specified host did not exist. Availability: Unix.
Unix.
.. versionadded:: 2.3 .. versionadded:: 2.3
...@@ -1546,7 +1549,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program. ...@@ -1546,7 +1549,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
.. data:: EX_UNAVAILABLE .. data:: EX_UNAVAILABLE
Exit code that means that a required service is unavailable. Availability: Exit code that means that a required service is unavailable. Availability:
Macintosh, Unix. Unix.
.. versionadded:: 2.3 .. versionadded:: 2.3
...@@ -1554,7 +1557,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program. ...@@ -1554,7 +1557,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
.. data:: EX_SOFTWARE .. data:: EX_SOFTWARE
Exit code that means an internal software error was detected. Availability: Exit code that means an internal software error was detected. Availability:
Macintosh, Unix. Unix.
.. versionadded:: 2.3 .. versionadded:: 2.3
...@@ -1562,7 +1565,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program. ...@@ -1562,7 +1565,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
.. data:: EX_OSERR .. data:: EX_OSERR
Exit code that means an operating system error was detected, such as the Exit code that means an operating system error was detected, such as the
inability to fork or create a pipe. Availability: Macintosh, Unix. inability to fork or create a pipe. Availability: Unix.
.. versionadded:: 2.3 .. versionadded:: 2.3
...@@ -1570,7 +1573,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program. ...@@ -1570,7 +1573,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
.. data:: EX_OSFILE .. data:: EX_OSFILE
Exit code that means some system file did not exist, could not be opened, or had Exit code that means some system file did not exist, could not be opened, or had
some other kind of error. Availability: Macintosh, Unix. some other kind of error. Availability: Unix.
.. versionadded:: 2.3 .. versionadded:: 2.3
...@@ -1578,7 +1581,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program. ...@@ -1578,7 +1581,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
.. data:: EX_CANTCREAT .. data:: EX_CANTCREAT
Exit code that means a user specified output file could not be created. Exit code that means a user specified output file could not be created.
Availability: Macintosh, Unix. Availability: Unix.
.. versionadded:: 2.3 .. versionadded:: 2.3
...@@ -1586,7 +1589,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program. ...@@ -1586,7 +1589,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
.. data:: EX_IOERR .. data:: EX_IOERR
Exit code that means that an error occurred while doing I/O on some file. Exit code that means that an error occurred while doing I/O on some file.
Availability: Macintosh, Unix. Availability: Unix.
.. versionadded:: 2.3 .. versionadded:: 2.3
...@@ -1595,7 +1598,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program. ...@@ -1595,7 +1598,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
Exit code that means a temporary failure occurred. This indicates something Exit code that means a temporary failure occurred. This indicates something
that may not really be an error, such as a network connection that couldn't be that may not really be an error, such as a network connection that couldn't be
made during a retryable operation. Availability: Macintosh, Unix. made during a retryable operation. Availability: Unix.
.. versionadded:: 2.3 .. versionadded:: 2.3
...@@ -1603,7 +1606,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program. ...@@ -1603,7 +1606,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
.. data:: EX_PROTOCOL .. data:: EX_PROTOCOL
Exit code that means that a protocol exchange was illegal, invalid, or not Exit code that means that a protocol exchange was illegal, invalid, or not
understood. Availability: Macintosh, Unix. understood. Availability: Unix.
.. versionadded:: 2.3 .. versionadded:: 2.3
...@@ -1611,8 +1614,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program. ...@@ -1611,8 +1614,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
.. data:: EX_NOPERM .. data:: EX_NOPERM
Exit code that means that there were insufficient permissions to perform the Exit code that means that there were insufficient permissions to perform the
operation (but not intended for file system problems). Availability: Macintosh, operation (but not intended for file system problems). Availability: Unix.
Unix.
.. versionadded:: 2.3 .. versionadded:: 2.3
...@@ -1620,7 +1622,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program. ...@@ -1620,7 +1622,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
.. data:: EX_CONFIG .. data:: EX_CONFIG
Exit code that means that some kind of configuration error occurred. Exit code that means that some kind of configuration error occurred.
Availability: Macintosh, Unix. Availability: Unix.
.. versionadded:: 2.3 .. versionadded:: 2.3
...@@ -1628,7 +1630,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program. ...@@ -1628,7 +1630,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
.. data:: EX_NOTFOUND .. data:: EX_NOTFOUND
Exit code that means something like "an entry was not found". Availability: Exit code that means something like "an entry was not found". Availability:
Macintosh, Unix. Unix.
.. versionadded:: 2.3 .. versionadded:: 2.3
...@@ -1637,7 +1639,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program. ...@@ -1637,7 +1639,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
Fork a child process. Return ``0`` in the child and the child's process id in the Fork a child process. Return ``0`` in the child and the child's process id in the
parent. If an error occurs :exc:`OSError` is raised. parent. If an error occurs :exc:`OSError` is raised.
Availability: Macintosh, Unix. Availability: Unix.
.. function:: forkpty() .. function:: forkpty()
...@@ -1647,7 +1649,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program. ...@@ -1647,7 +1649,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
new child's process id in the parent, and *fd* is the file descriptor of the new child's process id in the parent, and *fd* is the file descriptor of the
master end of the pseudo-terminal. For a more portable approach, use the master end of the pseudo-terminal. For a more portable approach, use the
:mod:`pty` module. If an error occurs :exc:`OSError` is raised. :mod:`pty` module. If an error occurs :exc:`OSError` is raised.
Availability: Macintosh, some flavors of Unix. Availability: some flavors of Unix.
.. function:: kill(pid, sig) .. function:: kill(pid, sig)
...@@ -1658,7 +1660,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program. ...@@ -1658,7 +1660,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
Send signal *sig* to the process *pid*. Constants for the specific signals Send signal *sig* to the process *pid*. Constants for the specific signals
available on the host platform are defined in the :mod:`signal` module. available on the host platform are defined in the :mod:`signal` module.
Availability: Macintosh, Unix. Availability: Unix.
.. function:: killpg(pgid, sig) .. function:: killpg(pgid, sig)
...@@ -1667,8 +1669,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program. ...@@ -1667,8 +1669,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
single: process; killing single: process; killing
single: process; signalling single: process; signalling
Send the signal *sig* to the process group *pgid*. Availability: Macintosh, Send the signal *sig* to the process group *pgid*. Availability: Unix.
Unix.
.. versionadded:: 2.3 .. versionadded:: 2.3
...@@ -1676,14 +1677,13 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program. ...@@ -1676,14 +1677,13 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
.. function:: nice(increment) .. function:: nice(increment)
Add *increment* to the process's "niceness". Return the new niceness. Add *increment* to the process's "niceness". Return the new niceness.
Availability: Macintosh, Unix. Availability: Unix.
.. function:: plock(op) .. function:: plock(op)
Lock program segments into memory. The value of *op* (defined in Lock program segments into memory. The value of *op* (defined in
``<sys/lock.h>``) determines which segments are locked. Availability: Macintosh, ``<sys/lock.h>``) determines which segments are locked. Availability: Unix.
Unix.
.. function:: popen(...) .. function:: popen(...)
...@@ -1765,7 +1765,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program. ...@@ -1765,7 +1765,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
Possible values for the *mode* parameter to the :func:`spawn\*` family of Possible values for the *mode* parameter to the :func:`spawn\*` family of
functions. If either of these values is given, the :func:`spawn\*` functions functions. If either of these values is given, the :func:`spawn\*` functions
will return as soon as the new process has been created, with the process id as will return as soon as the new process has been created, with the process id as
the return value. Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Windows. the return value. Availability: Unix, Windows.
.. versionadded:: 1.6 .. versionadded:: 1.6
...@@ -1776,7 +1776,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program. ...@@ -1776,7 +1776,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
functions. If this is given as *mode*, the :func:`spawn\*` functions will not functions. If this is given as *mode*, the :func:`spawn\*` functions will not
return until the new process has run to completion and will return the exit code return until the new process has run to completion and will return the exit code
of the process the run is successful, or ``-signal`` if a signal kills the of the process the run is successful, or ``-signal`` if a signal kills the
process. Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Windows. process. Availability: Unix, Windows.
.. versionadded:: 1.6 .. versionadded:: 1.6
...@@ -1841,7 +1841,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program. ...@@ -1841,7 +1841,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
the command run; on systems using a non-native shell, consult your shell the command run; on systems using a non-native shell, consult your shell
documentation. documentation.
Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Windows. Availability: Unix, Windows.
The :mod:`subprocess` module provides more powerful facilities for spawning new The :mod:`subprocess` module provides more powerful facilities for spawning new
processes and retrieving their results; using that module is preferable to using processes and retrieving their results; using that module is preferable to using
...@@ -1855,7 +1855,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program. ...@@ -1855,7 +1855,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
other) times, in seconds. The items are: user time, system time, children's other) times, in seconds. The items are: user time, system time, children's
user time, children's system time, and elapsed real time since a fixed point in user time, children's system time, and elapsed real time since a fixed point in
the past, in that order. See the Unix manual page :manpage:`times(2)` or the the past, in that order. See the Unix manual page :manpage:`times(2)` or the
corresponding Windows Platform API documentation. Availability: Macintosh, Unix, corresponding Windows Platform API documentation. Availability: Unix,
Windows. On Windows, only the first two items are filled, the others are zero. Windows. On Windows, only the first two items are filled, the others are zero.
...@@ -1865,7 +1865,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program. ...@@ -1865,7 +1865,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
and exit status indication: a 16-bit number, whose low byte is the signal number and exit status indication: a 16-bit number, whose low byte is the signal number
that killed the process, and whose high byte is the exit status (if the signal that killed the process, and whose high byte is the exit status (if the signal
number is zero); the high bit of the low byte is set if a core file was number is zero); the high bit of the low byte is set if a core file was
produced. Availability: Macintosh, Unix. produced. Availability: Unix.
.. function:: waitpid(pid, options) .. function:: waitpid(pid, options)
...@@ -1923,7 +1923,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program. ...@@ -1923,7 +1923,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
The option for :func:`waitpid` to return immediately if no child process status The option for :func:`waitpid` to return immediately if no child process status
is available immediately. The function returns ``(0, 0)`` in this case. is available immediately. The function returns ``(0, 0)`` in this case.
Availability: Macintosh, Unix. Availability: Unix.
.. data:: WCONTINUED .. data:: WCONTINUED
...@@ -1939,7 +1939,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program. ...@@ -1939,7 +1939,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
This option causes child processes to be reported if they have been stopped but This option causes child processes to be reported if they have been stopped but
their current state has not been reported since they were stopped. Availability: their current state has not been reported since they were stopped. Availability:
Macintosh, Unix. Unix.
.. versionadded:: 2.3 .. versionadded:: 2.3
...@@ -1951,7 +1951,7 @@ used to determine the disposition of a process. ...@@ -1951,7 +1951,7 @@ used to determine the disposition of a process.
.. function:: WCOREDUMP(status) .. function:: WCOREDUMP(status)
Return ``True`` if a core dump was generated for the process, otherwise Return ``True`` if a core dump was generated for the process, otherwise
return ``False``. Availability: Macintosh, Unix. return ``False``. Availability: Unix.
.. versionadded:: 2.3 .. versionadded:: 2.3
...@@ -1973,32 +1973,30 @@ used to determine the disposition of a process. ...@@ -1973,32 +1973,30 @@ used to determine the disposition of a process.
.. function:: WIFSIGNALED(status) .. function:: WIFSIGNALED(status)
Return ``True`` if the process exited due to a signal, otherwise return Return ``True`` if the process exited due to a signal, otherwise return
``False``. Availability: Macintosh, Unix. ``False``. Availability: Unix.
.. function:: WIFEXITED(status) .. function:: WIFEXITED(status)
Return ``True`` if the process exited using the :manpage:`exit(2)` system call, Return ``True`` if the process exited using the :manpage:`exit(2)` system call,
otherwise return ``False``. Availability: Macintosh, Unix. otherwise return ``False``. Availability: Unix.
.. function:: WEXITSTATUS(status) .. function:: WEXITSTATUS(status)
If ``WIFEXITED(status)`` is true, return the integer parameter to the If ``WIFEXITED(status)`` is true, return the integer parameter to the
:manpage:`exit(2)` system call. Otherwise, the return value is meaningless. :manpage:`exit(2)` system call. Otherwise, the return value is meaningless.
Availability: Macintosh, Unix. Availability: Unix.
.. function:: WSTOPSIG(status) .. function:: WSTOPSIG(status)
Return the signal which caused the process to stop. Availability: Macintosh, Return the signal which caused the process to stop. Availability: Unix.
Unix.
.. function:: WTERMSIG(status) .. function:: WTERMSIG(status)
Return the signal which caused the process to exit. Availability: Macintosh, Return the signal which caused the process to exit. Availability: Unix.
Unix.
.. _os-path: .. _os-path:
...@@ -2016,7 +2014,7 @@ Miscellaneous System Information ...@@ -2016,7 +2014,7 @@ Miscellaneous System Information
The names known to the host operating system are given as the keys of the The names known to the host operating system are given as the keys of the
``confstr_names`` dictionary. For configuration variables not included in that ``confstr_names`` dictionary. For configuration variables not included in that
mapping, passing an integer for *name* is also accepted. Availability: mapping, passing an integer for *name* is also accepted. Availability:
Macintosh, Unix. Unix.
If the configuration value specified by *name* isn't defined, ``None`` is If the configuration value specified by *name* isn't defined, ``None`` is
returned. returned.
...@@ -2031,7 +2029,7 @@ Miscellaneous System Information ...@@ -2031,7 +2029,7 @@ Miscellaneous System Information
Dictionary mapping names accepted by :func:`confstr` to the integer values Dictionary mapping names accepted by :func:`confstr` to the integer values
defined for those names by the host operating system. This can be used to defined for those names by the host operating system. This can be used to
determine the set of names known to the system. Availability: Macintosh, Unix. determine the set of names known to the system. Availability: Unix.
.. function:: getloadavg() .. function:: getloadavg()
...@@ -2049,14 +2047,14 @@ Miscellaneous System Information ...@@ -2049,14 +2047,14 @@ Miscellaneous System Information
specified by *name* isn't defined, ``-1`` is returned. The comments regarding specified by *name* isn't defined, ``-1`` is returned. The comments regarding
the *name* parameter for :func:`confstr` apply here as well; the dictionary that the *name* parameter for :func:`confstr` apply here as well; the dictionary that
provides information on the known names is given by ``sysconf_names``. provides information on the known names is given by ``sysconf_names``.
Availability: Macintosh, Unix. Availability: Unix.
.. data:: sysconf_names .. data:: sysconf_names
Dictionary mapping names accepted by :func:`sysconf` to the integer values Dictionary mapping names accepted by :func:`sysconf` to the integer values
defined for those names by the host operating system. This can be used to defined for those names by the host operating system. This can be used to
determine the set of names known to the system. Availability: Macintosh, Unix. determine the set of names known to the system. Availability: Unix.
The following data values are used to support path manipulation operations. These The following data values are used to support path manipulation operations. These
are defined for all platforms. are defined for all platforms.
...@@ -2067,22 +2065,22 @@ Higher-level operations on pathnames are defined in the :mod:`os.path` module. ...@@ -2067,22 +2065,22 @@ Higher-level operations on pathnames are defined in the :mod:`os.path` module.
.. data:: curdir .. data:: curdir
The constant string used by the operating system to refer to the current The constant string used by the operating system to refer to the current
directory. For example: ``'.'`` for POSIX or ``':'`` for Mac OS 9. Also directory. This is ``'.'`` for Windows and POSIX. Also available via
available via :mod:`os.path`. :mod:`os.path`.
.. data:: pardir .. data:: pardir
The constant string used by the operating system to refer to the parent The constant string used by the operating system to refer to the parent
directory. For example: ``'..'`` for POSIX or ``'::'`` for Mac OS 9. Also directory. This is ``'..'`` for Windows and POSIX. Also available via
available via :mod:`os.path`. :mod:`os.path`.
.. data:: sep .. data:: sep
The character used by the operating system to separate pathname components, for The character used by the operating system to separate pathname components.
example, ``'/'`` for POSIX or ``':'`` for Mac OS 9. Note that knowing this is This is ``'/'`` for POSIX and ``'\\'`` for Windows. Note that knowing this
not sufficient to be able to parse or concatenate pathnames --- use is not sufficient to be able to parse or concatenate pathnames --- use
:func:`os.path.split` and :func:`os.path.join` --- but it is occasionally :func:`os.path.split` and :func:`os.path.join` --- but it is occasionally
useful. Also available via :mod:`os.path`. useful. Also available via :mod:`os.path`.
...@@ -2119,16 +2117,16 @@ Higher-level operations on pathnames are defined in the :mod:`os.path` module. ...@@ -2119,16 +2117,16 @@ Higher-level operations on pathnames are defined in the :mod:`os.path` module.
.. data:: linesep .. data:: linesep
The string used to separate (or, rather, terminate) lines on the current The string used to separate (or, rather, terminate) lines on the current
platform. This may be a single character, such as ``'\n'`` for POSIX or platform. This may be a single character, such as ``'\n'`` for POSIX, or
``'\r'`` for Mac OS, or multiple characters, for example, ``'\r\n'`` for multiple characters, for example, ``'\r\n'`` for Windows. Do not use
Windows. Do not use *os.linesep* as a line terminator when writing files opened *os.linesep* as a line terminator when writing files opened in text mode (the
in text mode (the default); use a single ``'\n'`` instead, on all platforms. default); use a single ``'\n'`` instead, on all platforms.
.. data:: devnull .. data:: devnull
The file path of the null device. For example: ``'/dev/null'`` for POSIX or The file path of the null device. For example: ``'/dev/null'`` for POSIX.
``'Dev:Nul'`` for Mac OS 9. Also available via :mod:`os.path`. Also available via :mod:`os.path`.
.. versionadded:: 2.4 .. versionadded:: 2.4
......
:mod:`plistlib` --- Generate and parse MacOS X ``.plist`` files :mod:`plistlib` --- Generate and parse Mac OS X ``.plist`` files
=============================================================== ================================================================
.. module:: plistlib .. module:: plistlib
:synopsis: Generate and parse MacOS X plist files. :synopsis: Generate and parse Mac OS X plist files.
.. moduleauthor:: Jack Jansen .. moduleauthor:: Jack Jansen
.. sectionauthor:: Georg Brandl <georg@python.org> .. sectionauthor:: Georg Brandl <georg@python.org>
.. (harvested from docstrings in the original file) .. (harvested from docstrings in the original file)
...@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ ...@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
single: property list single: property list
This module provides an interface for reading and writing the "property list" This module provides an interface for reading and writing the "property list"
XML files used mainly by MacOS X. XML files used mainly by Mac OS X.
The property list (``.plist``) file format is a simple XML pickle supporting The property list (``.plist``) file format is a simple XML pickle supporting
basic object types, like dictionaries, lists, numbers and strings. Usually the basic object types, like dictionaries, lists, numbers and strings. Usually the
...@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ This module defines the following functions: ...@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ This module defines the following functions:
.. function:: readPlistFromResource(path[, restype='plst'[, resid=0]]) .. function:: readPlistFromResource(path[, restype='plst'[, resid=0]])
Read a plist from the resource with type *restype* from the resource fork of Read a plist from the resource with type *restype* from the resource fork of
*path*. Availability: MacOS X. *path*. Availability: Mac OS X.
.. warning:: .. warning::
...@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ This module defines the following functions: ...@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ This module defines the following functions:
.. function:: writePlistToResource(rootObject, path[, restype='plst'[, resid=0]]) .. function:: writePlistToResource(rootObject, path[, restype='plst'[, resid=0]])
Write *rootObject* as a resource with type *restype* to the resource fork of Write *rootObject* as a resource with type *restype* to the resource fork of
*path*. Availability: MacOS X. *path*. Availability: Mac OS X.
.. warning:: .. warning::
......
...@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ copying and removal. For operations on individual files, see also the ...@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ copying and removal. For operations on individual files, see also the
can't copy all file metadata. can't copy all file metadata.
On POSIX platforms, this means that file owner and group are lost as well On POSIX platforms, this means that file owner and group are lost as well
as ACLs. On MacOS, the resource fork and other metadata are not used. as ACLs. On Mac OS, the resource fork and other metadata are not used.
This means that resources will be lost and file type and creator codes will This means that resources will be lost and file type and creator codes will
not be correct. On Windows, file owners, ACLs and alternate data streams not be correct. On Windows, file owners, ACLs and alternate data streams
are not copied. are not copied.
......
...@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ The :mod:`signal` module defines the following functions: ...@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ The :mod:`signal` module defines the following functions:
Change system call restart behaviour: if *flag* is :const:`False`, system calls Change system call restart behaviour: if *flag* is :const:`False`, system calls
will be restarted when interrupted by signal *signalnum*, otherwise system calls will will be restarted when interrupted by signal *signalnum*, otherwise system calls will
be interrupted. Returns nothing. Availability: Unix, Mac (see the man page be interrupted. Returns nothing. Availability: Unix (see the man page
:manpage:`siginterrupt(3)` for further information). :manpage:`siginterrupt(3)` for further information).
Note that installing a signal handler with :func:`signal` will reset the restart Note that installing a signal handler with :func:`signal` will reset the restart
......
...@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ This module defines one class called :class:`Popen`: ...@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ This module defines one class called :class:`Popen`:
If *universal_newlines* is :const:`True`, the file objects stdout and stderr are If *universal_newlines* is :const:`True`, the file objects stdout and stderr are
opened as text files, but lines may be terminated by any of ``'\n'``, the Unix opened as text files, but lines may be terminated by any of ``'\n'``, the Unix
end-of-line convention, ``'\r'``, the Macintosh convention or ``'\r\n'``, the end-of-line convention, ``'\r'``, the old Macintosh convention or ``'\r\n'``, the
Windows convention. All of these external representations are seen as ``'\n'`` Windows convention. All of these external representations are seen as ``'\n'``
by the Python program. by the Python program.
......
...@@ -582,8 +582,8 @@ always available. ...@@ -582,8 +582,8 @@ always available.
================ =========================== ================ ===========================
Windows ``'win32'`` Windows ``'win32'``
Windows/Cygwin ``'cygwin'`` Windows/Cygwin ``'cygwin'``
MacOS X ``'darwin'`` Mac OS X ``'darwin'``
MacOS 9 ``'mac'`` Mac OS 9 ``'mac'``
OS/2 ``'os2'`` OS/2 ``'os2'``
OS/2 EMX ``'os2emx'`` OS/2 EMX ``'os2emx'``
RiscOS ``'riscos'`` RiscOS ``'riscos'``
......
...@@ -67,8 +67,7 @@ An explanation of some terminology and conventions is in order. ...@@ -67,8 +67,7 @@ An explanation of some terminology and conventions is in order.
* The precision of the various real-time functions may be less than suggested by * The precision of the various real-time functions may be less than suggested by
the units in which their value or argument is expressed. E.g. on most Unix the units in which their value or argument is expressed. E.g. on most Unix
systems, the clock "ticks" only 50 or 100 times a second, and on the Mac, times systems, the clock "ticks" only 50 or 100 times a second.
are only accurate to whole seconds.
* On the other hand, the precision of :func:`time` and :func:`sleep` is better * On the other hand, the precision of :func:`time` and :func:`sleep` is better
than their Unix equivalents: times are expressed as floating point numbers, than their Unix equivalents: times are expressed as floating point numbers,
......
...@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ ...@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
The :mod:`Tkinter` module ("Tk interface") is the standard Python interface to The :mod:`Tkinter` module ("Tk interface") is the standard Python interface to
the Tk GUI toolkit. Both Tk and :mod:`Tkinter` are available on most Unix the Tk GUI toolkit. Both Tk and :mod:`Tkinter` are available on most Unix
platforms, as well as on Windows and Macintosh systems. (Tk itself is not part platforms, as well as on Windows systems. (Tk itself is not part of Python; it
of Python; it is maintained at ActiveState.) is maintained at ActiveState.)
.. note:: .. note::
......
...@@ -151,10 +151,10 @@ Notes: ...@@ -151,10 +151,10 @@ Notes:
Only on Windows platforms. Only on Windows platforms.
(3) (3)
Only on MacOS platforms; requires the standard MacPython :mod:`ic` module. Only on Mac OS platforms; requires the standard MacPython :mod:`ic` module.
(4) (4)
Only on MacOS X platform. Only on Mac OS X platform.
Here are some simple examples:: Here are some simple examples::
......
...@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ Physical lines ...@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ Physical lines
A physical line is a sequence of characters terminated by an end-of-line A physical line is a sequence of characters terminated by an end-of-line
sequence. In source files, any of the standard platform line termination sequence. In source files, any of the standard platform line termination
sequences can be used - the Unix form using ASCII LF (linefeed), the Windows sequences can be used - the Unix form using ASCII LF (linefeed), the Windows
form using the ASCII sequence CR LF (return followed by linefeed), or the form using the ASCII sequence CR LF (return followed by linefeed), or the old
Macintosh form using the ASCII CR (return) character. All of these forms can be Macintosh form using the ASCII CR (return) character. All of these forms can be
used equally, regardless of platform. used equally, regardless of platform.
......
...@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ You could write a Unix shell script or Windows batch files for some of these ...@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ You could write a Unix shell script or Windows batch files for some of these
tasks, but shell scripts are best at moving around files and changing text data, tasks, but shell scripts are best at moving around files and changing text data,
not well-suited for GUI applications or games. You could write a C/C++/Java not well-suited for GUI applications or games. You could write a C/C++/Java
program, but it can take a lot of development time to get even a first-draft program, but it can take a lot of development time to get even a first-draft
program. Python is simpler to use, available on Windows, MacOS X, and Unix program. Python is simpler to use, available on Windows, Mac OS X, and Unix
operating systems, and will help you get the job done more quickly. operating systems, and will help you get the job done more quickly.
Python is simple to use, but it is a real programming language, offering much Python is simple to use, but it is a real programming language, offering much
......
...@@ -237,15 +237,15 @@ automatically added to the end. ``'r+'`` opens the file for both reading and ...@@ -237,15 +237,15 @@ automatically added to the end. ``'r+'`` opens the file for both reading and
writing. The *mode* argument is optional; ``'r'`` will be assumed if it's writing. The *mode* argument is optional; ``'r'`` will be assumed if it's
omitted. omitted.
On Windows and the Macintosh, ``'b'`` appended to the mode opens the file in On Windows, ``'b'`` appended to the mode opens the file in binary mode, so there
binary mode, so there are also modes like ``'rb'``, ``'wb'``, and ``'r+b'``. are also modes like ``'rb'``, ``'wb'``, and ``'r+b'``. Windows makes a
Windows makes a distinction between text and binary files; the end-of-line distinction between text and binary files; the end-of-line characters in text
characters in text files are automatically altered slightly when data is read or files are automatically altered slightly when data is read or written. This
written. This behind-the-scenes modification to file data is fine for ASCII behind-the-scenes modification to file data is fine for ASCII text files, but
text files, but it'll corrupt binary data like that in :file:`JPEG` or it'll corrupt binary data like that in :file:`JPEG` or :file:`EXE` files. Be
:file:`EXE` files. Be very careful to use binary mode when reading and writing very careful to use binary mode when reading and writing such files. On Unix,
such files. On Unix, it doesn't hurt to append a ``'b'`` to the mode, so it doesn't hurt to append a ``'b'`` to the mode, so you can use it
you can use it platform-independently for all binary files. platform-independently for all binary files.
.. _tut-filemethods: .. _tut-filemethods:
......
...@@ -157,9 +157,9 @@ shell scripts, by putting the line :: ...@@ -157,9 +157,9 @@ shell scripts, by putting the line ::
(assuming that the interpreter is on the user's :envvar:`PATH`) at the beginning (assuming that the interpreter is on the user's :envvar:`PATH`) at the beginning
of the script and giving the file an executable mode. The ``#!`` must be the of the script and giving the file an executable mode. The ``#!`` must be the
first two characters of the file. On some platforms, this first line must end first two characters of the file. On some platforms, this first line must end
with a Unix-style line ending (``'\n'``), not a Mac OS (``'\r'``) or Windows with a Unix-style line ending (``'\n'``), not a Windows (``'\r\n'``) line
(``'\r\n'``) line ending. Note that the hash, or pound, character, ``'#'``, is ending. Note that the hash, or pound, character, ``'#'``, is used to start a
used to start a comment in Python. comment in Python.
The script can be given an executable mode, or permission, using the The script can be given an executable mode, or permission, using the
:program:`chmod` command:: :program:`chmod` command::
......
...@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ These environment variables influence Python's behavior. ...@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ These environment variables influence Python's behavior.
If this environment variable is set, ``sys.argv[0]`` will be set to its If this environment variable is set, ``sys.argv[0]`` will be set to its
value instead of the value got through the C runtime. Only works on value instead of the value got through the C runtime. Only works on
MacOS X. Mac OS X.
Debug-mode variables Debug-mode variables
......
...@@ -528,11 +528,11 @@ all users using a machine or a particular site installation. ...@@ -528,11 +528,11 @@ all users using a machine or a particular site installation.
Python 2.6 introduces a convention for user-specific site directories. Python 2.6 introduces a convention for user-specific site directories.
The directory varies depending on the platform: The directory varies depending on the platform:
* Unix and MacOS: :file:`~/.local/` * Unix and Mac OS X: :file:`~/.local/`
* Windows: :file:`%APPDATA%/Python` * Windows: :file:`%APPDATA%/Python`
Within this directory, there will be version-specific subdirectories, Within this directory, there will be version-specific subdirectories,
such as :file:`lib/python2.6/site-packages` on Unix/MacOS and such as :file:`lib/python2.6/site-packages` on Unix/Mac OS and
:file:`Python26/site-packages` on Windows. :file:`Python26/site-packages` on Windows.
If you don't like the default directory, it can be overridden by an If you don't like the default directory, it can be overridden by an
...@@ -2784,12 +2784,12 @@ Ippolito. ...@@ -2784,12 +2784,12 @@ Ippolito.
The :mod:`plistlib` module: A Property-List Parser The :mod:`plistlib` module: A Property-List Parser
-------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------
The ``.plist`` format is commonly used on MacOS X to The ``.plist`` format is commonly used on Mac OS X to
store basic data types (numbers, strings, lists, store basic data types (numbers, strings, lists,
and dictionaries) by serializing them into an XML-based format. and dictionaries) by serializing them into an XML-based format.
It resembles the XML-RPC serialization of data types. It resembles the XML-RPC serialization of data types.
Despite being primarily used on MacOS X, the format Despite being primarily used on Mac OS X, the format
has nothing Mac-specific about it and the Python implementation works has nothing Mac-specific about it and the Python implementation works
on any platform that Python supports, so the :mod:`plistlib` module on any platform that Python supports, so the :mod:`plistlib` module
has been promoted to the standard library. has been promoted to the standard library.
...@@ -2905,7 +2905,7 @@ Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include: ...@@ -2905,7 +2905,7 @@ Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include:
:file:`PCbuild` directory for the build files. (Implemented by :file:`PCbuild` directory for the build files. (Implemented by
Christian Heimes.) Christian Heimes.)
* On MacOS X, Python 2.6 can be compiled as a 4-way universal build. * On Mac OS X, Python 2.6 can be compiled as a 4-way universal build.
The :program:`configure` script The :program:`configure` script
can take a :option:`--with-universal-archs=[32-bit|64-bit|all]` can take a :option:`--with-universal-archs=[32-bit|64-bit|all]`
switch, controlling whether the binaries are built for 32-bit switch, controlling whether the binaries are built for 32-bit
...@@ -3057,7 +3057,7 @@ Port-Specific Changes: Windows ...@@ -3057,7 +3057,7 @@ Port-Specific Changes: Windows
.. ====================================================================== .. ======================================================================
Port-Specific Changes: MacOS X Port-Specific Changes: Mac OS X
----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
* When compiling a framework build of Python, you can now specify the * When compiling a framework build of Python, you can now specify the
...@@ -3069,7 +3069,7 @@ Port-Specific Changes: MacOS X ...@@ -3069,7 +3069,7 @@ Port-Specific Changes: MacOS X
:func:`macostools.touched` function to be removed because it depended on the :func:`macostools.touched` function to be removed because it depended on the
:mod:`macfs` module. (:issue:`1490190`) :mod:`macfs` module. (:issue:`1490190`)
* Many other MacOS modules have been deprecated and will removed in * Many other Mac OS modules have been deprecated and will removed in
Python 3.0: Python 3.0:
:mod:`_builtinSuites`, :mod:`_builtinSuites`,
:mod:`aepack`, :mod:`aepack`,
......
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