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merge Anthony Baxter's distutils API reference into the package 

author's documentation
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......@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@
\input{boilerplate}
\author{Greg Ward}
\author{Greg Ward\\
Anthony Baxter}
\authoraddress{
\strong{Python Software Foundation}\\
Email: \email{distutils-sig@python.org}
......@@ -1912,7 +1913,1546 @@ anything except backslash or colon; on Mac OS anything except colon.
%\subsection{\protect\command{bdist\_wininst}}
\chapter{API Reference \label{api-reference}}
\section{\module{distutils.core} --- Core Distutils functionality}
\declaremodule{standard}{distutils.core}
\modulesynopsis{The core Distutils functionality}
The \module{distutils.core} module is the only module that needs to be
installed to use the Distutils. It provides the \function{setup()} (which
is called from the setup script). Indirectly provides the
\class{distutils.dist.Distribution} and \class{distutils.cmd.Command} class.
\begin{funcdesc}{setup}{arguments}
The basic do-everything function that does most everything you could ever
ask for from a Distutils method. See XXXXX
The setup function takes a large number of arguments. These
are laid out in the following table.
\begin{tableiii}{c|l|l}{argument name}{argument name}{value}{type}
\lineiii{name}{The name of the package}{a string}
\lineiii{version}{The version number of the package}{See \refmodule{distutils.version}}
\lineiii{description}{A single line describing the package}{a string}
\lineiii{long_description}{Longer description of the package}{a string}
\lineiii{author}{The name of the package author}{a string}
\lineiii{author_email}{The email address of the package author}{a string}
\lineiii{maintainer}{The name of the current maintainer, if different from the author}{a string}
\lineiii{maintainer_email}{The email address of the current maintainer, if different from the author}{}
\lineiii{url}{A URL for the package (homepage)}{a URL}
\lineiii{download_url}{A URL to download the package}{a URL}
\lineiii{packages}{A list of Python packages that distutils will manipulate}{a list of strings}
\lineiii{py_modules}{A list of Python modules that distutils will manipulate}{a list of strings}
\lineiii{scripts}{A list of standalone script files to be built and installed}{a list of strings}
\lineiii{ext_modules}{A list of Python extensions to be built}{A list of
instances of \class{distutils.core.Extension}}
\lineiii{classifiers}{A list of Trove categories for the package}{XXX link to better definition}
\lineiii{distclass}{the \class{Distribution} class to use}{A subclass of \class{distutils.core.Distribution}}
% What on earth is the use case for script_name?
\lineiii{script_name}{The name of the setup.py script - defaults to \code{sys.argv[0]}}{a string}
\lineiii{script_args}{Arguments to supply to the setup script}{a list of strings}
\lineiii{options}{default options for the setup script}{a string}
\lineiii{license}{The license for the package}{}
\lineiii{keywords}{Descriptive meta-data. See \pep{314}}{}
\lineiii{platforms}{}{}
\lineiii{cmdclass}{A mapping of command names to \class{Command} subclasses}{a dictionary}
\end{tableiii}
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{run_setup}{script_name\optional{, script_args=\code{None}, stop_after=\code{'run'}}}
Run a setup script in a somewhat controlled environment, and return
the \class{distutils.dist.Distribution} instance that drives things.
This is useful if you need to find out the distribution meta-data
(passed as keyword args from \var{script} to \function{setup()}), or
the contents of the config files or command-line.
\var{script_name} is a file that will be run with \function{execfile()}
\var{sys.argv[0]} will be replaced with \var{script} for the duration of the
call. \var{script_args} is a list of strings; if supplied,
\var{sys.argv[1:]} will be replaced by \var{script_args} for the duration
of the call.
\var{stop_after} tells \function{setup()} when to stop processing; possible
values:
\begin{tableii}{c|l}{value}{value}{description}
\lineii{init}{Stop after the \class{Distribution} instance has been created
and populated with the keyword arguments to \function{setup()}}
\lineii{config}{Stop after config files have been parsed (and their data
stored in the \class{Distribution} instance)}
\lineii{commandline}{Stop after the command-line (\code{sys.argv[1:]} or
\var{script_args}) have been parsed (and the data stored in the
\class{Distribution} instance.)}
\lineii{run}{Stop after all commands have been run (the same as
if \function{setup()} had been called in the usual way). This is the default
value.}
\end{tableii}
\end{funcdesc}
In addition, the \module{distutils.core} module exposed a number of
classes that live elsewhere.
\begin{itemize}
\item \class{Extension} from \refmodule{distutils.extension}
\item \class{Command} from \refmodule{distutils.cmd}
\item \class{Distribution} from \refmodule{distutils.dist}
\end{itemize}
A short description of each of these follows, but see the relevant
module for the full reference.
\begin{classdesc*}{Extension}
The Extension class describes a single C or \Cpp extension module in a
setup script. It accepts the following keyword arguments in it's
constructor
\begin{tableiii}{c|l|l}{argument name}{argument name}{value}{type}
\lineiii{name}{the full name of the extension, including any packages
--- ie. \emph{not} a filename or pathname, but Python dotted name}{string}
\lineiii{sources}{list of source filenames, relative to the distribution
root (where the setup script lives), in Unix form (slash-separated) for
portability. Source files may be C, \Cpp, SWIG (.i), platform-specific
resource files, or whatever else is recognized by the \command{build_ext}
command as source for a Python extension.}{string}
\lineiii{include_dirs}{list of directories to search for C/\Cpp{} header
files (in \UNIX{} form for portability)}{string}
\lineiii{define_macros}{list of macros to define; each macro is defined
using a 2-tuple, where 'value' is either the string to define it to or
\code{None} to define it without a particular value (equivalent of
\code{\#define FOO} in source or \programopt{-DFOO} on \UNIX{} C
compiler command line) }{ (string,string)
tuple or (name,\code{None}) }
\lineiii{undef_macros}{list of macros to undefine explicitly}{string}
\lineiii{library_dirs}{list of directories to search for C/\Cpp{} libraries
at link time }{string}
\lineiii{libraries}{list of library names (not filenames or paths) to
link against }{string}
\lineiii{runtime_library_dirs}{list of directories to search for C/\Cpp{}
libraries at run time (for shared extensions, this is when the extension
is loaded)}{string}
\lineiii{extra_objects}{list of extra files to link with (eg. object
files not implied by 'sources', static library that must be explicitly
specified, binary resource files, etc.)}{string}
\lineiii{extra_compile_args}{any extra platform- and compiler-specific
information to use when compiling the source files in 'sources'. For
platforms and compilers where a command line makes sense, this is
typically a list of command-line arguments, but for other platforms it
could be anything.}{string}
\lineiii{extra_link_args}{any extra platform- and compiler-specific
information to use when linking object files together to create the
extension (or to create a new static Python interpreter). Similar
interpretation as for 'extra_compile_args'.}{string}
\lineiii{export_symbols}{list of symbols to be exported from a shared
extension. Not used on all platforms, and not generally necessary for
Python extensions, which typically export exactly one symbol: \code{init} +
extension_name. }{string}
\lineiii{depends}{list of files that the extension depends on }{string}
\lineiii{language}{extension language (i.e. \code{'c'}, \code{'c++'},
\code{'objc'}). Will be detected from the source extensions if not provided.
}{string}
\end{tableiii}
\end{classdesc*}
\begin{classdesc*}{Distribution}
A \class{Distribution} describes how to build, install and package up a
Python software package.
See the \function{setup()} function for a list of keyword arguments accepted
by the Distribution constructor. \function{setup()} creates a Distribution
instance.
\end{classdesc*}
\begin{classdesc*}{Command}
A \class{Command} class (or rather, an instance of one of it's subclasses)
implement a single distutils command.
\end{classdesc*}
\section{\module{distutils.ccompiler} --- CCompiler base class}
\declaremodule{standard}{distutils.ccompiler}
\modulesynopsis{Abstract CCompiler class}
This module provides the abstract base class for the \class{CCompiler}
classes. A \class{CCompiler} instance can be used for all the compile
and link steps needed to build a single project. Methods are provided to
set options for the compiler --- macro definitions, include directories,
link path, libraries and the like.
This module provides the following functions.
\begin{funcdesc}{gen_lib_options}{compiler, library_dirs, runtime_library_dirs, libraries}
Generate linker options for searching library directories and
linking with specific libraries. \var{libraries} and \var{library_dirs} are,
respectively, lists of library names (not filenames!) and search
directories. Returns a list of command-line options suitable for use
with some compiler (depending on the two format strings passed in).
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{gen_preprocess_options}{macros, include_dirs}
Generate C pre-processor options (-D, -U, -I) as used by at least
two types of compilers: the typical \UNIX{} compiler and Visual \Cpp.
\var{macros} is the usual thing, a list of 1- or 2-tuples, where \var{(name,)}
means undefine (-U) macro \var{name}, and \var{(name,value)} means define (-D)
macro \var{name} to \var{value}. \var{include_dirs} is just a list of directory
names to be added to the header file search path (-I). Returns a list
of command-line options suitable for either \UNIX{} compilers or Visual
\Cpp.
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{get_default_compiler}{osname, platform}
Determine the default compiler to use for the given platform.
\var{osname} should be one of the standard Python OS names (i.e. the
ones returned by \var{os.name}) and \var{platform} the common value
returned by \var{sys.platform} for the platform in question.
The default values are \code{os.name} and \code{sys.platform} in case the
parameters are not given.
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{new_compiler}{plat=\code{None}, compiler=\code{None}, verbose=\code{0}, dry_run=\code{0}, force=\code{0}}
Factory function to generate an instance of some CCompiler subclass
for the supplied platform/compiler combination. \var{plat} defaults
to \code{os.name} (eg. \code{'posix'}, \code{'nt'}), and \var{compiler}
defaults to the default compiler for that platform. Currently only
\code{'posix'} and \code{'nt'} are supported, and the default
compilers are ``traditional \UNIX{} interface'' (\class{UnixCCompiler}
class) and Visual \Cpp (\class{MSVCCompiler} class). Note that it's
perfectly possible to ask for a \UNIX{} compiler object under Windows,
and a Microsoft compiler object under \UNIX---if you supply a value
for \var{compiler}, \var{plat} is ignored.
% Is the posix/nt only thing still true? Mac OS X seems to work, and
% returns a UnixCCompiler instance. How to document this... hmm.
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{show_compilers}{}
Print list of available compilers (used by the
\longprogramopt{help-compiler} options to \command{build},
\command{build_ext}, \command{build_clib}).
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{classdesc}{CCompiler}{\optional{verbose=\code{0}, dry_run=\code{0}, force=\code{0}}}
The abstract base class \class{CCompiler} defines the interface that
must be implemented by real compiler classes. The class also has
some utility methods used by several compiler classes.
The basic idea behind a compiler abstraction class is that each
instance can be used for all the compile/link steps in building a
single project. Thus, attributes common to all of those compile and
link steps --- include directories, macros to define, libraries to link
against, etc. --- are attributes of the compiler instance. To allow for
variability in how individual files are treated, most of those
attributes may be varied on a per-compilation or per-link basis.
The constructor for each subclass creates an instance of the Compiler
object. Flags are \var{verbose} (show verbose output), \var{dry_run}
(don't actually execute the steps) and \var{force} (rebuild
everything, regardless of dependencies). All of these flags default to
\code{0} (off). Note that you probably don't want to instantiate
\class{CCompiler} or one of it's subclasses directly - use the
\function{distutils.CCompiler.new_compiler()} factory function
instead.
The following methods allow you to manually alter compiler options for
the instance of the Compiler class.
\begin{methoddesc}{add_include_dir}{dir}
Add \var{dir} to the list of directories that will be searched for
header files. The compiler is instructed to search directories in
the order in which they are supplied by successive calls to
\method{add_include_dir()}.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{set_include_dirs}{dirs}
Set the list of directories that will be searched to \var{dirs} (a
list of strings). Overrides any preceding calls to
\method{add_include_dir()}; subsequent calls to
\method{add_include_dir()} add to the list passed to
\method{set_include_dirs()}. This does not affect any list of
standard include directories that the compiler may search by default.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{add_library}{libname}
Add \var{libname} to the list of libraries that will be included in
all links driven by this compiler object. Note that \var{libname}
should *not* be the name of a file containing a library, but the
name of the library itself: the actual filename will be inferred by
the linker, the compiler, or the compiler class (depending on the
platform).
The linker will be instructed to link against libraries in the
order they were supplied to \method{add_library()} and/or
\method{set_libraries()}. It is perfectly valid to duplicate library
names; the linker will be instructed to link against libraries as
many times as they are mentioned.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{set_libraries}{libnames}
Set the list of libraries to be included in all links driven by
this compiler object to \var{libnames} (a list of strings). This does
not affect any standard system libraries that the linker may
include by default.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{add_library_dir}{dir}
Add \var{dir} to the list of directories that will be searched for
libraries specified to \method{add_library()} and
\method{set_libraries()}. The linker will be instructed to search for
libraries in the order they are supplied to \method{add_library_dir()}
and/or \method{set_library_dirs()}.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{set_library_dirs}{dirs}
Set the list of library search directories to \var{dirs} (a list of
strings). This does not affect any standard library search path
that the linker may search by default.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{add_runtime_library_dir}{dir}
Add \var{dir} to the list of directories that will be searched for
shared libraries at runtime.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{set_runtime_library_dirs}{dirs}
Set the list of directories to search for shared libraries at
runtime to \var{dirs} (a list of strings). This does not affect any
standard search path that the runtime linker may search by
default.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{define_macro}{name\optional{, value=\code{None}}}
Define a preprocessor macro for all compilations driven by this
compiler object. The optional parameter \var{value} should be a
string; if it is not supplied, then the macro will be defined
without an explicit value and the exact outcome depends on the
compiler used (XXX true? does ANSI say anything about this?)
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{undefine_macro}{name}
Undefine a preprocessor macro for all compilations driven by
this compiler object. If the same macro is defined by
\method{define_macro()} and undefined by \method{undefine_macro()}
the last call takes precedence (including multiple redefinitions or
undefinitions). If the macro is redefined/undefined on a
per-compilation basis (ie. in the call to \method{compile()}), then that
takes precedence.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{add_link_object}{object}
Add \var{object} to the list of object files (or analogues, such as
explicitly named library files or the output of ``resource
compilers'') to be included in every link driven by this compiler
object.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{set_link_objects}{objects}
Set the list of object files (or analogues) to be included in
every link to \var{objects}. This does not affect any standard object
files that the linker may include by default (such as system
libraries).
\end{methoddesc}
The following methods implement methods for autodetection of compiler
options, providing some functionality similar to GNU \program{autoconf}.
\begin{methoddesc}{detect_language}{sources}
Detect the language of a given file, or list of files. Uses the
instance attributes \member{language_map} (a dictionary), and
\member{language_order} (a list) to do the job.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{find_library_file}{dirs, lib\optional{, debug=\code{0}}}
Search the specified list of directories for a static or shared
library file \var{lib} and return the full path to that file. If
\var{debug} is true, look for a debugging version (if that makes sense on
the current platform). Return \code{None} if \var{lib} wasn't found in any of
the specified directories.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{has_function}{funcname \optional{, includes=\code{None}, include_dirs=\code{None}, libraries=\code{None}, library_dirs=\code{None}}}
Return a boolean indicating whether \var{funcname} is supported on
the current platform. The optional arguments can be used to
augment the compilation environment by providing additional include
files and paths and libraries and paths.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{library_dir_option}{dir}
Return the compiler option to add \var{dir} to the list of
directories searched for libraries.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{library_option}{lib}
Return the compiler option to add \var{dir} to the list of libraries
linked into the shared library or executable.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{runtime_library_dir_option}{dir}
Return the compiler option to add \var{dir} to the list of
directories searched for runtime libraries.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{set_executables}{**args}
Define the executables (and options for them) that will be run
to perform the various stages of compilation. The exact set of
executables that may be specified here depends on the compiler
class (via the 'executables' class attribute), but most will have:
\begin{tableii}{l|l}{attribute}{attribute}{description}
\lineii{compiler}{the C/\Cpp{} compiler}
\lineii{linker_so}{linker used to create shared objects and libraries}
\lineii{linker_exe}{linker used to create binary executables}
\lineii{archiver}{static library creator}
\end{tableii}
On platforms with a command-line (\UNIX, DOS/Windows), each of these
is a string that will be split into executable name and (optional)
list of arguments. (Splitting the string is done similarly to how
\UNIX{} shells operate: words are delimited by spaces, but quotes and
backslashes can override this. See
\function{distutils.util.split_quoted()}.)
\end{methoddesc}
The following methods invoke stages in the build process.
\begin{methoddesc}{compile}{sources\optional{, output_dir=\code{None}, macros=\code{None}, include_dirs=\code{None}, debug=\code{0}, extra_preargs=\code{None}, extra_postargs=\code{None}, depends=\code{None}}}
Compile one or more source files. Generates object files (e.g.
transforms a \file{.c} file to a \file{.o} file.)
\var{sources} must be a list of filenames, most likely C/\Cpp
files, but in reality anything that can be handled by a
particular compiler and compiler class (eg. \class{MSVCCompiler} can
handle resource files in \var{sources}). Return a list of object
filenames, one per source filename in \var{sources}. Depending on
the implementation, not all source files will necessarily be
compiled, but all corresponding object filenames will be
returned.
If \var{output_dir} is given, object files will be put under it, while
retaining their original path component. That is, \file{foo/bar.c}
normally compiles to \file{foo/bar.o} (for a \UNIX{} implementation); if
\var{output_dir} is \var{build}, then it would compile to
\file{build/foo/bar.o}.
\var{macros}, if given, must be a list of macro definitions. A macro
definition is either a \var{(name, value)} 2-tuple or a \var{(name,)} 1-tuple.
The former defines a macro; if the value is \code{None}, the macro is
defined without an explicit value. The 1-tuple case undefines a
macro. Later definitions/redefinitions/undefinitions take
precedence.
\var{include_dirs}, if given, must be a list of strings, the
directories to add to the default include file search path for this
compilation only.
\var{debug} is a boolean; if true, the compiler will be instructed to
output debug symbols in (or alongside) the object file(s).
\var{extra_preargs} and \var{extra_postargs} are implementation- dependent.
On platforms that have the notion of a command-line (e.g. \UNIX,
DOS/Windows), they are most likely lists of strings: extra
command-line arguments to prepand/append to the compiler command
line. On other platforms, consult the implementation class
documentation. In any event, they are intended as an escape hatch
for those occasions when the abstract compiler framework doesn't
cut the mustard.
\var{depends}, if given, is a list of filenames that all targets
depend on. If a source file is older than any file in
depends, then the source file will be recompiled. This
supports dependency tracking, but only at a coarse
granularity.
Raises \exception{CompileError} on failure.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{create_static_lib}{objects, output_libname\optional{, output_dir=\code{None}, debug=\code{0}, target_lang=\code{None}}}
Link a bunch of stuff together to create a static library file.
The ``bunch of stuff'' consists of the list of object files supplied
as \var{objects}, the extra object files supplied to
\method{add_link_object()} and/or \method{set_link_objects()}, the libraries
supplied to \method{add_library()} and/or \method{set_libraries()}, and the
libraries supplied as \var{libraries} (if any).
\var{output_libname} should be a library name, not a filename; the
filename will be inferred from the library name. \var{output_dir} is
the directory where the library file will be put. XXX defaults to what?
\var{debug} is a boolean; if true, debugging information will be
included in the library (note that on most platforms, it is the
compile step where this matters: the \var{debug} flag is included here
just for consistency).
\var{target_lang} is the target language for which the given objects
are being compiled. This allows specific linkage time treatment of
certain languages.
Raises \exception{LibError} on failure.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{link}{target_desc, objects, output_filename\optional{, output_dir=\code{None}, libraries=\code{None}, library_dirs=\code{None}, runtime_library_dirs=\code{None}, export_symbols=\code{None}, debug=\code{0}, extra_preargs=\code{None}, extra_postargs=\code{None}, build_temp=\code{None}, target_lang=\code{None}}}
Link a bunch of stuff together to create an executable or
shared library file.
The ``bunch of stuff'' consists of the list of object files supplied
as \var{objects}. \var{output_filename} should be a filename. If
\var{output_dir} is supplied, \var{output_filename} is relative to it
(i.e. \var{output_filename} can provide directory components if
needed).
\var{libraries} is a list of libraries to link against. These are
library names, not filenames, since they're translated into
filenames in a platform-specific way (eg. \var{foo} becomes \file{libfoo.a}
on \UNIX{} and \file{foo.lib} on DOS/Windows). However, they can include a
directory component, which means the linker will look in that
specific directory rather than searching all the normal locations.
\var{library_dirs}, if supplied, should be a list of directories to
search for libraries that were specified as bare library names
(ie. no directory component). These are on top of the system
default and those supplied to \method{add_library_dir()} and/or
\method{set_library_dirs()}. \var{runtime_library_dirs} is a list of
directories that will be embedded into the shared library and used
to search for other shared libraries that *it* depends on at
run-time. (This may only be relevant on \UNIX.)
\var{export_symbols} is a list of symbols that the shared library will
export. (This appears to be relevant only on Windows.)
\var{debug} is as for \method{compile()} and \method{create_static_lib()},
with the slight distinction that it actually matters on most platforms (as
opposed to \method{create_static_lib()}, which includes a \var{debug} flag
mostly for form's sake).
\var{extra_preargs} and \var{extra_postargs} are as for \method{compile()}
(except of course that they supply command-line arguments for the
particular linker being used).
\var{target_lang} is the target language for which the given objects
are being compiled. This allows specific linkage time treatment of
certain languages.
Raises \exception{LinkError} on failure.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{link_executable}{objects, output_progname\optional{, output_dir=\code{None}, libraries=\code{None}, library_dirs=\code{None}, runtime_library_dirs=\code{None}, debug=\code{0}, extra_preargs=\code{None}, extra_postargs=\code{None}, target_lang=\code{None}}}
Link an executable.
\var{output_progname} is the name of the file executable,
while \var{objects} are a list of object filenames to link in. Other arguments
are as for the \method{link} method.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{link_shared_lib}{objects, output_libname\optional{, output_dir=\code{None}, libraries=\code{None}, library_dirs=\code{None}, runtime_library_dirs=\code{None}, export_symbols=\code{None}, debug=\code{0}, extra_preargs=\code{None}, extra_postargs=\code{None}, build_temp=\code{None}, target_lang=\code{None}}}
Link a shared library. \var{output_libname} is the name of the output
library, while \var{objects} is a list of object filenames to link in.
Other arguments are as for the \method{link} method.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{link_shared_object}{objects, output_filename\optional{, output_dir=\code{None}, libraries=\code{None}, library_dirs=\code{None}, runtime_library_dirs=\code{None}, export_symbols=\code{None}, debug=\code{0}, extra_preargs=\code{None}, extra_postargs=\code{None}, build_temp=\code{None}, target_lang=\code{None}}}
Link a shared object. \var{output_filename} is the name of the shared object
that will be created, while \var{objects} is a list of object filenames
to link in. Other arguments are as for the \method{link} method.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{preprocess}{source\optional{, output_file=\code{None}, macros=\code{None}, include_dirs=\code{None}, extra_preargs=\code{None}, extra_postargs=\code{None}}}
Preprocess a single C/\Cpp{} source file, named in \var{source}.
Output will be written to file named \var{output_file}, or \var{stdout} if
\var{output_file} not supplied. \var{macros} is a list of macro
definitions as for \method{compile()}, which will augment the macros set
with \method{define_macro()} and \method{undefine_macro()}.
\var{include_dirs} is a list of directory names that will be added to the
default list, in the same way as \method{add_include_dir()}.
Raises \exception{PreprocessError} on failure.
\end{methoddesc}
The following utility methods are defined by the \class{CCompiler} class,
for use by the various concrete subclasses.
\begin{methoddesc}{executable_filename}{basename\optional{, strip_dir=\code{0}, output_dir=\code{''}}}
Returns the filename of the executable for the given \var{basename}.
Typically for non-Windows platforms this is the same as the basename,
while Windows will get a \file{.exe} added.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{library_filename}{libname\optional{, lib_type=\code{'static'}, strip_dir=\code{0}, output_dir=\code{''}}}
Returns the filename for the given library name on the current platform.
On \UNIX{} a library with \var{lib_type} of \code{'static'} will typically
be of the form \file{liblibname.a}, while a \var{lib_type} of \code{'dynamic'}
will be of the form \file{liblibname.so}.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{object_filenames}{source_filenames\optional{, strip_dir=\code{0}, output_dir=\code{''}}}
Returns the name of the object files for the given source files.
\var{source_filenames} should be a list of filenames.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{shared_object_filename}{basename\optional{, strip_dir=\code{0}, output_dir=\code{''}}}
Returns the name of a shared object file for the given file name \var{basename}.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{execute}{func, args\optional{, msg=\code{None}, level=\code{1}}}
Invokes \function{distutils.util.execute()} This method invokes a
Python function \var{func} with the given arguments \var{args}, after
logging and taking into account the \var{dry_run} flag. XXX see also.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{spawn}{cmd}
Invokes \function{distutils.util.spawn()}. This invokes an external
process to run the given command. XXX see also.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{mkpath}{name\optional{, mode=\code{511}}}
Invokes \function{distutils.dir_util.mkpath()}. This creates a directory
and any missing ancestor directories. XXX see also.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{move_file}{src, dst}
Invokes \method{distutils.file_util.move_file()}. Renames \var{src} to
\var{dst}. XXX see also.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{announce}{msg\optional{, level=\code{1}}}
Write a message using \function{distutils.log.debug()}. XXX see also.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{warn}{msg}
Write a warning message \var{msg} to standard error.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{debug_print}{msg}
If the \var{debug} flag is set on this \class{CCompiler} instance, print
\var{msg} to standard output, otherwise do nothing.
\end{methoddesc}
\end{classdesc}
%\subsection{Compiler-specific modules}
%
%The following modules implement concrete subclasses of the abstract
%\class{CCompiler} class. They should not be instantiated directly, but should
%be created using \function{distutils.ccompiler.new_compiler()} factory
%function.
\section{\module{distutils.unixccompiler} --- Unix C Compiler}
\declaremodule{standard}{distutils.unixccompiler}
\modulesynopsis{UNIX C Compiler}
This module provides the \class{UnixCCompiler} class, a subclass of
\class{CCompiler} that handles the typical \UNIX-style command-line
C compiler:
\begin{itemize}
\item macros defined with \programopt{-D\var{name}\optional{=value}}
\item macros undefined with \programopt{-U\var{name}}
\item include search directories specified with
\programopt{-I\var{dir}}
\item libraries specified with \programopt{-l\var{lib}}
\item library search directories specified with \programopt{-L\var{dir}}
\item compile handled by \program{cc} (or similar) executable with
\programopt{-c} option: compiles \file{.c} to \file{.o}
\item link static library handled by \program{ar} command (possibly
with \program{ranlib})
\item link shared library handled by \program{cc} \programopt{-shared}
\end{itemize}
\section{\module{distutils.msvccompiler} --- Microsoft Compiler}
\declaremodule{standard}{distutils.msvccompiler}
\modulesynopsis{Microsoft Compiler}
This module provides \class{MSVCCompiler}, an implementation of the abstract
\class{CCompiler} class for Microsoft Visual Studio. It should also work using
the freely available compiler provided as part of the .Net SDK download. XXX
download link.
\section{\module{distutils.bcppcompiler} --- Borland Compiler}
\declaremodule{standard}{distutils.bcppcompiler}
This module provides \class{BorlandCCompiler}, an subclass of the abstract \class{CCompiler} class for the Borland \Cpp{} compiler.
\section{\module{distutils.cygwincompiler} --- Cygwin Compiler}
\declaremodule{standard}{distutils.cygwinccompiler}
This module provides the \class{CygwinCCompiler} class, a subclass of \class{UnixCCompiler} that
handles the Cygwin port of the GNU C compiler to Windows. It also contains
the Mingw32CCompiler class which handles the mingw32 port of GCC (same as
cygwin in no-cygwin mode).
\section{\module{distutils.emxccompiler} --- OS/2 EMX Compiler}
\declaremodule{standard}{distutils.emxccompiler}
\modulesynopsis{OS/2 EMX Compiler support}
This module provides the EMXCCompiler class, a subclass of \class{UnixCCompiler} that handles the EMX port of the GNU C compiler to OS/2.
\section{\module{distutils.mwerkscompiler} --- Metrowerks CodeWarrior support}
\declaremodule{standard}{distutils.mwerkscompiler}
\modulesynopsis{Metrowerks CodeWarrior support}
Contains \class{MWerksCompiler}, an implementation of the abstract
\class{CCompiler} class for MetroWerks CodeWarrior on the Macintosh. Needs work to support CW on Windows.
%\subsection{Utility modules}
%
%The following modules all provide general utility functions. They haven't
%all been documented yet.
\section{\module{distutils.archive_util} ---
Archiving utilities}
\declaremodule[distutils.archiveutil]{standard}{distutils.archive_util}
\modulesynopsis{Utility functions for creating archive files (tarballs, zip files, ...)}
This module provides a few functions for creating archive files, such as
tarballs or zipfiles.
\begin{funcdesc}{make_archive}{base_name, format\optional{, root_dir=\code{None}, base_dir=\code{None}, verbose=\code{0}, dry_run=\code{0}}}
Create an archive file (eg. \code{zip} or \code{tar}). \var{base_name}
is the name of the file to create, minus any format-specific extension;
\var{format} is the archive format: one of \code{zip}, \code{tar},
\code{ztar}, or \code{gztar}.
\var{root_dir} is a directory that will be the root directory of the
archive; ie. we typically \code{chdir} into \var{root_dir} before
creating the archive. \var{base_dir} is the directory where we start
archiving from; ie. \var{base_dir} will be the common prefix of all files and
directories in the archive. \var{root_dir} and \var{base_dir} both default
to the current directory. Returns the name of the archive file.
\warning{This should be changed to support bz2 files}
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{make_tarball}{base_name, base_dir\optional{, compress=\code{'gzip'}, verbose=\code{0}, dry_run=\code{0}}}'Create an (optional compressed) archive as a tar file from all files in and under \var{base_dir}. \var{compress} must be \code{'gzip'} (the default),
\code{'compress'}, \code{'bzip2'}, or \code{None}. Both \code{'tar'}
and the compression utility named by \var{'compress'} must be on the
default program search path, so this is probably \UNIX-specific. The
output tar file will be named \file{\var{base_dir}.tar}, possibly plus
the appropriate compression extension (\file{.gz}, \file{.bz2} or
\file{.Z}). Return the output filename.
\warning{This should be replaced with calls to the \module{tarfile} module.}
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{make_zipfile}{base_name, base_dir\optional{, verbose=\code{0}, dry_run=\code{0}}}
Create a zip file from all files in and under \var{base_dir}. The output
zip file will be named \var{base_dir} + \file{.zip}. Uses either the
\module{zipfile} Python module (if available) or the InfoZIP \file{zip}
utility (if installed and found on the default search path). If neither
tool is available, raises \exception{DistutilsExecError}.
Returns the name of the output zip file.
\end{funcdesc}
\section{\module{distutils.dep_util} --- Dependency checking}
\declaremodule[distutils.deputil]{standard}{distutils.dep_util}
\modulesynopsis{Utility functions for simple dependency checking}
This module provides functions for performing simple, timestamp-based
dependency of files and groups of files; also, functions based entirely
on such timestamp dependency analysis.
\begin{funcdesc}{newer}{source, target}
Return true if \var{source} exists and is more recently modified than
\var{target}, or if \var{source} exists and \var{target} doesn't.
Return false if both exist and \var{target} is the same age or newer
than \var{source}.
Raise \exception{DistutilsFileError} if \var{source} does not exist.
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{newer_pairwise}{sources, targets}
Walk two filename lists in parallel, testing if each source is newer
than its corresponding target. Return a pair of lists (\var{sources},
\var{targets}) where source is newer than target, according to the semantics
of \function{newer()}
%% equivalent to a listcomp...
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{newer_group}{sources, target\optional{, missing=\code{'error'}}}
Return true if \var{target} is out-of-date with respect to any file
listed in \var{sources} In other words, if \var{target} exists and is newer
than every file in \var{sources}, return false; otherwise return true.
\var{missing} controls what we do when a source file is missing; the
default (\code{'error'}) is to blow up with an \exception{OSError} from
inside \function{os.stat()};
if it is \code{'ignore'}, we silently drop any missing source files; if it is
\code{'newer'}, any missing source files make us assume that \var{target} is
out-of-date (this is handy in ``dry-run'' mode: it'll make you pretend to
carry out commands that wouldn't work because inputs are missing, but
that doesn't matter because you're not actually going to run the
commands).
\end{funcdesc}
\section{\module{distutils.dir_util} --- Directory tree operations}
\declaremodule[distutils.dirutil]{standard}{distutils.dir_util}
\modulesynopsis{Utility functions for operating on directories and directory trees}
This module provides functions for operating on directories and trees
of directories.
\begin{funcdesc}{mkpath}{name\optional{, mode=\code{0777}, verbose=\code{0}, dry_run=\code{0}}}
Create a directory and any missing ancestor directories. If the
directory already exists (or if \var{name} is the empty string, which
means the current directory, which of course exists), then do
nothing. Raise \exception{DistutilsFileError} if unable to create some
directory along the way (eg. some sub-path exists, but is a file
rather than a directory). If \var{verbose} is true, print a one-line
summary of each mkdir to stdout. Return the list of directories
actually created.
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{create_tree}{base_dir, files\optional{, mode=\code{0777}, verbose=\code{0}, dry_run=\code{0}}}
Create all the empty directories under \var{base_dir} needed to
put \var{files} there. \var{base_dir} is just the a name of a directory
which doesn't necessarily exist yet; \var{files} is a list of filenames
to be interpreted relative to \var{base_dir}. \var{base_dir} + the
directory portion of every file in \var{files} will be created if it
doesn't already exist. \var{mode}, \var{verbose} and \var{dry_run} flags
are as for \function{mkpath()}.
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{copy_tree}{src, dst\optional{preserve_mode=\code{1}, preserve_times=\code{1}, preserve_symlinks=\code{0}, update=\code{0}, verbose=\code{0}, dry_run=\code{0}}}
Copy an entire directory tree \var{src} to a new location \var{dst}. Both
\var{src} and \var{dst} must be directory names. If \var{src} is not a
directory, raise \exception{DistutilsFileError}. If \var{dst} does
not exist, it is created with \var{mkpath()}. The end result of the
copy is that every file in \var{src} is copied to \var{dst}, and
directories under \var{src} are recursively copied to \var{dst}.
Return the list of files that were copied or might have been copied,
using their output name. The return value is unaffected by \var{update}
or \var{dry_run}: it is simply the list of all files under \var{src},
with the names changed to be under \var{dst}.
\var{preserve_mode} and \var{preserve_times} are the same as for
\function{copy_file} in \refmodule[distutils.fileutil]{distutils.file_util};
note that they only apply to regular files, not to directories. If
\var{preserve_symlinks} is true, symlinks will be copied as symlinks
(on platforms that support them!); otherwise (the default), the
destination of the symlink will be copied. \var{update} and
\var{verbose} are the same as for
\function{copy_file()}.
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{remove_tree}{directory\optional{verbose=\code{0}, dry_run=\code{0}}}
Recursively remove \var{directory} and all files and directories underneath
it. Any errors are ignored (apart from being reported to \code{stdout} if
\var{verbose} is true).
\end{funcdesc}
\XXX{Some of this could be replaced with the shutil module?}
\section{\module{distutils.file_util} --- Single file operations}
\declaremodule[distutils.fileutil]{standard}{distutils.file_util}
\modulesynopsis{Utility functions for operating on single files}
This module contains some utility functions for operating on individual files.
\begin{funcdesc}{copy_file}{src, dst\optional{preserve_mode=\code{1}, preserve_times=\code{1}, update=\code{0}, link=\code{None}, verbose=\code{0}, dry_run=\code{0}}}
Copy file \var{src} to \var{dst}. If \var{dst} is a directory, then
\var{src} is copied there with the same name; otherwise, it must be a
filename. (If the file exists, it will be ruthlessly clobbered.) If
\var{preserve_mode} is true (the default), the file's mode (type and
permission bits, or whatever is analogous on the current platform) is
copied. If \var{preserve_times} is true (the default), the last-modified
and last-access times are copied as well. If \var{update} is true,
\var{src} will only be copied if \var{dst} does not exist, or if
\var{dst} does exist but is older than \var{src}.
\var{link} allows you to make hard links (using \function{os.link}) or
symbolic links (using \function{os.symlink}) instead of copying: set it
to \code{'hard'} or \code{'sym'}; if it is \code{None} (the default),
files are copied. Don't set \var{link} on systems that don't support
it: \function{copy_file()} doesn't check if hard or symbolic linking is
available.
Under Mac OS 9, uses the native file copy function in \module{macostools};
on other systems, uses \var{_copy_file_contents()} to copy file contents.
Return a tuple \samp{(dest_name, copied)}: \var{dest_name} is the actual
name of the output file, and \var{copied} is true if the file was copied
(or would have been copied, if \var{dry_run} true).
% XXX if the destination file already exists, we clobber it if
% copying, but blow up if linking. Hmmm. And I don't know what
% macostools.copyfile() does. Should definitely be consistent, and
% should probably blow up if destination exists and we would be
% changing it (ie. it's not already a hard/soft link to src OR
% (not update) and (src newer than dst)).
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{move_file}{src, dst\optional{verbose, dry_run}}
Move file \var{src} to \var{dst}. If \var{dst} is a directory, the file will
be moved into it with the same name; otherwise, \var{src} is just renamed
to \var{dst}. Returns the new full name of the file.
\warning{Handles cross-device moves on Unix using \function{copy_file()}.
What about other systems???}
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{write_file}{filename, contents}
Create a file called \var{filename} and write \var{contents} (a
sequence of strings without line terminators) to it.
\end{funcdesc}
\section{\module{distutils.utils} --- Miscellaneous other utility functions}
\declaremodule{standard}{distutils.util}
\modulesynopsis{Miscellaneous other utility functions}
This module contains other assorted bits and pieces that don't fit into
any other utility module.
\begin{funcdesc}{get_platform}{}
Return a string that identifies the current platform. This is used
mainly to distinguish platform-specific build directories and
platform-specific built distributions. Typically includes the OS name
and version and the architecture (as supplied by 'os.uname()'),
although the exact information included depends on the OS; eg. for IRIX
the architecture isn't particularly important (IRIX only runs on SGI
hardware), but for Linux the kernel version isn't particularly
important.
Examples of returned values:
\begin{itemize}
\item \code{linux-i586}
\item \code{linux-alpha}
\item \code{solaris-2.6-sun4u}
\item \code{irix-5.3}
\item \code{irix64-6.2}
\end{itemize}
For non-\POSIX{} platforms, currently just returns \code{sys.platform}.
% XXX isn't this also provided by some other non-distutils module?
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{convert_path}{pathname}
Return 'pathname' as a name that will work on the native filesystem,
i.e. split it on '/' and put it back together again using the current
directory separator. Needed because filenames in the setup script are
always supplied in Unix style, and have to be converted to the local
convention before we can actually use them in the filesystem. Raises
\exception{ValueError} on non-\UNIX-ish systems if \var{pathname} either
starts or ends with a slash.
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{change_root}{new_root, pathname}
Return \var{pathname} with \var{new_root} prepended. If \var{pathname} is
relative, this is equivalent to \samp{os.path.join(new_root,pathname)}
Otherwise, it requires making \var{pathname} relative and then joining the
two, which is tricky on DOS/Windows and Mac OS.
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{check_environ}{}
Ensure that 'os.environ' has all the environment variables we
guarantee that users can use in config files, command-line options,
etc. Currently this includes:
\begin{itemize}
\item \envvar{HOME} - user's home directory (\UNIX{} only)
\item \envvar{PLAT} - description of the current platform, including
hardware and OS (see \function{get_platform()})
\end{itemize}
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{subst_vars}{s, local_vars}
Perform shell/Perl-style variable substitution on \var{s}. Every
occurrence of \code{\$} followed by a name is considered a variable, and
variable is substituted by the value found in the \var{local_vars}
dictionary, or in \code{os.environ} if it's not in \var{local_vars}.
\var{os.environ} is first checked/augmented to guarantee that it contains
certain values: see \function{check_environ()}. Raise \exception{ValueError}
for any variables not found in either \var{local_vars} or \code{os.environ}.
Note that this is not a fully-fledged string interpolation function. A
valid \code{\$variable} can consist only of upper and lower case letters,
numbers and an underscore. No \{ \} or \( \) style quoting is available.
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{grok_environment_error}{exc\optional{, prefix=\samp{'error: '}}}
Generate a useful error message from an \exception{EnvironmentError}
(\exception{IOError} or \exception{OSError}) exception object.
Handles Python 1.5.1 and later styles, and does what it can to deal with
exception objects that don't have a filename (which happens when the error
is due to a two-file operation, such as \function{rename()} or
\function{link()}). Returns the error message as a string prefixed
with \var{prefix}.
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{split_quoted}{s}
Split a string up according to Unix shell-like rules for quotes and
backslashes. In short: words are delimited by spaces, as long as those
spaces are not escaped by a backslash, or inside a quoted string.
Single and double quotes are equivalent, and the quote characters can
be backslash-escaped. The backslash is stripped from any two-character
escape sequence, leaving only the escaped character. The quote
characters are stripped from any quoted string. Returns a list of
words.
% Should probably be moved into the standard library.
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{execute}{func, args\optional{, msg=\code{None}, verbose=\code{0}, dry_run=\code{0}}}
Perform some action that affects the outside world (for instance,
writing to the filesystem). Such actions are special because they
are disabled by the \var{dry_run} flag. This method takes
care of all that bureaucracy for you; all you have to do is supply the
function to call and an argument tuple for it (to embody the
``external action'' being performed), and an optional message to
print.
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{strtobool}{val}
Convert a string representation of truth to true (1) or false (0).
True values are \code{y}, \code{yes}, \code{t}, \code{true}, \code{on}
and \code{1}; false values are \code{n}, \code{no}, \code{f}, \code{false},
\code{off} and \code{0}. Raises \exception{ValueError} if \var{val}
is anything else.
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{byte_compile}{py_files\optional{,
optimize=\code{0}, force=\code{0},
prefix=\code{None}, base_dir=\code{None},
verbose=\code{1}, dry_run=\code{0},
direct=\code{None}}}
Byte-compile a collection of Python source files to either \file{.pyc}
or \file{.pyo} files in the same directory. \var{py_files} is a list of files
to compile; any files that don't end in \file{.py} are silently skipped.
\var{optimize} must be one of the following:
\begin{itemize}
\item \code{0} - don't optimize (generate \file{.pyc})
\item \code{1} - normal optimization (like \samp{python -O})
\item \code{2} - extra optimization (like \samp{python -OO})
\end{itemize}
If \var{force} is true, all files are recompiled regardless of
timestamps.
The source filename encoded in each bytecode file defaults to the
filenames listed in \var{py_files}; you can modify these with \var{prefix} and
\var{basedir}. \var{prefix} is a string that will be stripped off of each
source filename, and \var{base_dir} is a directory name that will be
prepended (after \var{prefix} is stripped). You can supply either or both
(or neither) of \var{prefix} and \var{base_dir}, as you wish.
If \var{dry_run} is true, doesn't actually do anything that would
affect the filesystem.
Byte-compilation is either done directly in this interpreter process
with the standard \module{py_compile} module, or indirectly by writing a
temporary script and executing it. Normally, you should let
\function{byte_compile()} figure out to use direct compilation or not (see
the source for details). The \var{direct} flag is used by the script
generated in indirect mode; unless you know what you're doing, leave
it set to \code{None}.
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{rfc822_escape}{header}
Return a version of \var{header} escaped for inclusion in an
\rfc{822} header, by ensuring there are 8 spaces space after each newline.
Note that it does no other modification of the string.
% this _can_ be replaced
\end{funcdesc}
%\subsection{Distutils objects}
\section{\module{distutils.dist} --- The Distribution class}
\declaremodule{standard}{distutils.dist}
\modulesynopsis{Provides the Distribution class, which represents the
module distribution being built/installed/distributed}
This module provides the \class{Distribution} class, which represents
the module distribution being built/installed/distributed.
\section{\module{distutils.extension} --- The Extension class}
\declaremodule{standard}{distutils.extension}
\modulesynopsis{Provides the Extension class, used to describe
C/\Cpp{} extension modules in setup scripts}
This module provides the \class{Extension} class, used to describe
C/\Cpp{} extension modules in setup scripts.
%\subsection{Ungrouped modules}
%The following haven't been moved into a more appropriate section yet.
\section{\module{distutils.debug} --- Distutils debug mode}
\declaremodule{standard}{distutils.debug}
\modulesynopsis{Provides the debug flag for distutils}
This module provides the DEBUG flag.
\section{\module{distutils.errors} --- Distutils exceptions}
\declaremodule{standard}{distutils.errors}
\modulesynopsis{Provides standard distutils exceptions}
Provides exceptions used by the Distutils modules. Note that Distutils
modules may raise standard exceptions; in particular, SystemExit is
usually raised for errors that are obviously the end-user's fault
(eg. bad command-line arguments).
This module is safe to use in \samp{from ... import *} mode; it only exports
symbols whose names start with \code{Distutils} and end with \code{Error}.
\section{\module{distutils.fancy_getopt}
--- Wrapper around the standard getopt module}
\declaremodule[distutils.fancygetopt]{standard}{distutils.fancy_getopt}
\modulesynopsis{Additional \module{getopt} functionality}
This module provides a wrapper around the standard \module{getopt}
module that provides the following additional features:
\begin{itemize}
\item short and long options are tied together
\item options have help strings, so \function{fancy_getopt} could potentially
create a complete usage summary
\item options set attributes of a passed-in object
\item boolean options can have ``negative aliases'' --- eg. if
\longprogramopt{quiet} is the ``negative alias'' of
\longprogramopt{verbose}, then \longprogramopt{quiet} on the command
line sets \var{verbose} to false.
\end{itemize}
\XXX{Should be replaced with \module{optik} (which is also now
known as \module{optparse} in Python 2.3 and later).}
\begin{funcdesc}{fancy_getopt}{options, negative_opt, object, args}
Wrapper function. \var{options} is a list of
\samp{(long_option, short_option, help_string)} 3-tuples as described in the
constructor for \class{FancyGetopt}. \var{negative_opt} should be a dictionary
mapping option names to option names, both the key and value should be in the
\var{options} list. \var{object} is an object which will be used to store
values (see the \method{getopt()} method of the \class{FancyGetopt} class).
\var{args} is the argument list. Will use \code{sys.argv[1:]} if you
pass \code{None} as \var{args}.
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{wrap_text}{text, width}
Wraps \var{text} to less than \var{width} wide.
\warning{Should be replaced with \module{textwrap} (which is available
in Python 2.3 and later).}
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{classdesc}{FancyGetopt}{\optional{option_table=\code{None}}}
The option_table is a list of 3-tuples: \samp{(long_option,
short_option, help_string)}
If an option takes an argument, it's \var{long_option} should have \code{'='}
appended; \var{short_option} should just be a single character, no \code{':'}
in any case. \var{short_option} should be \code{None} if a \var{long_option}
doesn't have a corresponding \var{short_option}. All option tuples must have
long options.
\end{classdesc}
The \class{FancyGetopt} class provides the following methods:
\begin{methoddesc}{getopt}{\optional{args=\code{None}, object=\code{None}}}
Parse command-line options in args. Store as attributes on \var{object}.
If \var{args} is \code{None} or not supplied, uses \code{sys.argv[1:]}. If
\var{object} is \code{None} or not supplied, creates a new \class{OptionDummy}
instance, stores option values there, and returns a tuple \samp{(args,
object)}. If \var{object} is supplied, it is modified in place and
\function{getopt()} just returns \var{args}; in both cases, the returned
\var{args} is a modified copy of the passed-in \var{args} list, which
is left untouched.
% and args returned are?
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{get_option_order}{}
Returns the list of \samp{(option, value)} tuples processed by the
previous run of \method{getopt()} Raises \exception{RuntimeError} if
\method{getopt()} hasn't been called yet.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{generate_help}{\optional{header=\code{None}}}
Generate help text (a list of strings, one per suggested line of
output) from the option table for this \class{FancyGetopt} object.
If supplied, prints the supplied \var{header} at the top of the help.
\end{methoddesc}
\section{\module{distutils.filelist} --- The FileList class}
\declaremodule{standard}{distutils.filelist}
\modulesynopsis{The \class{FileList} class, used for poking about the
file system and building lists of files.}
This module provides the \class{FileList} class, used for poking about
the filesystem and building lists of files.
\section{\module{distutils.log} --- Simple PEP 282-style logging}
\declaremodule{standard}{distutils.log}
\modulesynopsis{A simple logging mechanism, \pep{282}-style}
\warning{Should be replaced with standard \module{logging} module.}
%\subsubsection{\module{} --- }
%\declaremodule{standard}{distutils.magic}
%\modulesynopsis{ }
\section{\module{distutils.spawn} --- Spawn a sub-process}
\declaremodule{standard}{distutils.spawn}
\modulesynopsis{Provides the spawn() function}
This module provides the \function{spawn()} function, a front-end to
various platform-specific functions for launching another program in a
sub-process.
Also provides \function{find_executable()} to search the path for a given
executable name.
\input{sysconfig}
\section{\module{distutils.text_file} --- The TextFile class}
\declaremodule[distutils.textfile]{standard}{distutils.text_file}
\modulesynopsis{provides the TextFile class, a simple interface to text files}
This module provides the \class{TextFile} class, which gives an interface
to text files that (optionally) takes care of stripping comments, ignoring
blank lines, and joining lines with backslashes.
\begin{classdesc}{TextFile}{\optional{filename=\code{None}, file=\code{None}, **options}}
This class provides a file-like object that takes care of all
the things you commonly want to do when processing a text file
that has some line-by-line syntax: strip comments (as long as \code{\#}
is your comment character), skip blank lines, join adjacent lines by
escaping the newline (ie. backslash at end of line), strip
leading and/or trailing whitespace. All of these are optional
and independently controllable.
The class provides a \method{warn()} method so you can generate
warning messages that report physical line number, even if the
logical line in question spans multiple physical lines. Also
provides \method{unreadline()} for implementing line-at-a-time lookahead.
\class{TextFile} instances are create with either \var{filename}, \var{file},
or both. \exception{RuntimeError} is raised if both are \code{None}.
\var{filename} should be a string, and \var{file} a file object (or
something that provides \method{readline()} and \method{close()}
methods). It is recommended that you supply at least \var{filename},
so that \class{TextFile} can include it in warning messages. If
\var{file} is not supplied, TextFile creates its own using the
\var{open()} builtin.
The options are all boolean, and affect the values returned by
\var{readline()}
\begin{tableiii}{c|l|l}{option name}{option name}{description}{default}
\lineiii{strip_comments}{
strip from \character{\#} to end-of-line, as well as any whitespace
leading up to the \character{\#}---unless it is escaped by a backslash}
{true}
\lineiii{lstrip_ws}{
strip leading whitespace from each line before returning it}
{false}
\lineiii{rstrip_ws}{
strip trailing whitespace (including line terminator!) from
each line before returning it.}
{true}
\lineiii{skip_blanks}{
skip lines that are empty *after* stripping comments and
whitespace. (If both lstrip_ws and rstrip_ws are false,
then some lines may consist of solely whitespace: these will
*not* be skipped, even if \var{skip_blanks} is true.)}
{true}
\lineiii{join_lines}{
if a backslash is the last non-newline character on a line
after stripping comments and whitespace, join the following line
to it to form one logical line; if N consecutive lines end
with a backslash, then N+1 physical lines will be joined to
form one logical line.}
{false}
\lineiii{collapse_join}{
strip leading whitespace from lines that are joined to their
predecessor; only matters if \samp{(join_lines and not lstrip_ws)}}
{false}
\end{tableiii}
Note that since \var{rstrip_ws} can strip the trailing newline, the
semantics of \method{readline()} must differ from those of the builtin file
object's \method{readline()} method! In particular, \method{readline()}
returns \code{None} for end-of-file: an empty string might just be a
blank line (or an all-whitespace line), if \var{rstrip_ws} is true
but \var{skip_blanks} is not.
\begin{methoddesc}{open}{filename}
Open a new file \var{filename}. This overrides any \var{file} or
\var{filename} constructor arguments.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{close}{}
Close the current file and forget everything we know about it (including
the filename and the current line number).
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{warn}{msg\optional{,line=\code{None}}}
Print (to stderr) a warning message tied to the current logical
line in the current file. If the current logical line in the
file spans multiple physical lines, the warning refers to the
whole range, such as \samp{"lines 3-5"}. If \var{line} is supplied,
it overrides the current line number; it may be a list or tuple
to indicate a range of physical lines, or an integer for a
single physical line.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{readline}{}
Read and return a single logical line from the current file (or
from an internal buffer if lines have previously been ``unread''
with \method{unreadline()}). If the \var{join_lines} option
is true, this may involve reading multiple physical lines
concatenated into a single string. Updates the current line number,
so calling \method{warn()} after \method{readline()} emits a warning
about the physical line(s) just read. Returns \code{None} on end-of-file,
since the empty string can occur if \var{rstrip_ws} is true but
\var{strip_blanks} is not.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{readlines}{}
Read and return the list of all logical lines remaining in the current file.
This updates the current line number to the last line of the file.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{unreadline}{line}
Push \var{line} (a string) onto an internal buffer that will be
checked by future \method{readline()} calls. Handy for implementing
a parser with line-at-a-time lookahead. Note that lines that are ``unread''
with \method{unreadline} are not subsequently re-cleansed (whitespace
stripped, or whatever) when read with \method{readline}. If multiple
calls are made to \method{unreadline} before a call to \method{readline},
the lines will be returned most in most recent first order.
\end{methoddesc}
\end{classdesc}
\section{\module{distutils.version} --- Version number classes}
\declaremodule{standard}{distutils.version}
\modulesynopsis{implements classes that represent module version numbers. }
% todo
%\section{Distutils Commands}
%
%This part of Distutils implements the various Distutils commands, such
%as \code{build}, \code{install} \&c. Each command is implemented as a
%separate module, with the command name as the name of the module.
\section{\module{distutils.cmd} --- Abstract base class for Distutils commands}
\declaremodule{standard}{distutils.cmd}
\modulesynopsis{This module provides the abstract base class Command. This
class is subclassed by the modules in the \refmodule{distutils.command}
subpackage. }
This module supplies the abstract base class \class{Command}.
\begin{classdesc}{Command}{dist}
Abstract base class for defining command classes, the ``worker bees''
of the Distutils. A useful analogy for command classes is to think of
them as subroutines with local variables called \var{options}. The
options are declared in \method{initialize_options()} and defined
(given their final values) in \method{finalize_options()}, both of
which must be defined by every command class. The distinction between
the two is necessary because option values might come from the outside
world (command line, config file, ...), and any options dependent on
other options must be computed after these outside influences have
been processed --- hence \method{finalize_options()}. The body of the
subroutine, where it does all its work based on the values of its
options, is the \method{run()} method, which must also be implemented
by every command class.
The class constructor takes a single argument \var{dist}, a
\class{Distribution} instance.
\end{classdesc}
\section{\module{distutils.command} --- Individual Distutils commands}
\declaremodule{standard}{distutils.command}
\modulesynopsis{This subpackage contains one module for each standard Distutils command.}
%\subsubsection{Individual Distutils commands}
% todo
\section{\module{distutils.command.bdist} --- Build a binary installer}
\declaremodule{standard}{distutils.command.bdist}
\modulesynopsis{Build a binary installer for a package}
% todo
\section{\module{distutils.command.bdist_packager} --- Abstract base class for packagers}
\declaremodule[distutils.command.bdistpackager]{standard}{distutils.command.bdist_packager}
\modulesynopsis{Abstract base class for packagers}
% todo
\section{\module{distutils.command.bdist_dumb} --- Build a ``dumb'' installer}
\declaremodule[distutils.command.bdistdumb]{standard}{distutils.command.bdist_dumb}
\modulesynopsis{Build a ``dumb'' installer - a simple archive of files}
% todo
\section{\module{distutils.command.bdist_rpm} --- Build a binary distribution as a Redhat RPM and SRPM}
\declaremodule[distutils.command.bdistrpm]{standard}{distutils.command.bdist_rpm}
\modulesynopsis{Build a binary distribution as a Redhat RPM and SRPM}
% todo
\section{\module{distutils.command.bdist_wininst} --- Build a Windows installer}
\declaremodule[distutils.command.bdistwininst]{standard}{distutils.command.bdist_wininst}
\modulesynopsis{Build a Windows installer}
% todo
\section{\module{distutils.command.sdist} --- Build a source distribution}
\declaremodule{standard}{distutils.command.sdist}
\modulesynopsis{Build a source distribution}
% todo
\section{\module{distutils.command.build} --- Build all files of a package}
\declaremodule{standard}{distutils.command.build}
\modulesynopsis{Build all files of a package}
% todo
\section{\module{distutils.command.build_clib} --- Build any C libraries in a package}
\declaremodule[distutils.command.buildclib]{standard}{distutils.command.build_clib}
\modulesynopsis{Build any C libraries in a package}
% todo
\section{\module{distutils.command.build_ext} --- Build any extensions in a package}
\declaremodule[distutils.command.buildext]{standard}{distutils.command.build_ext}
\modulesynopsis{Build any extensions in a package}
% todo
\section{\module{distutils.command.build_py} --- Build the .py/.pyc files of a package}
\declaremodule[distutils.command.buildpy]{standard}{distutils.command.build_py}
\modulesynopsis{Build the .py/.pyc files of a package}
% todo
\section{\module{distutils.command.build_scripts} --- Build the scripts of a package}
\declaremodule[distutils.command.buildscripts]{standard}{distutils.command.build_scripts}
\modulesynopsis{Build the scripts of a package}
% todo
\section{\module{distutils.command.clean} --- Clean a package build area}
\declaremodule{standard}{distutils.command.clean}
\modulesynopsis{Clean a package build area}
% todo
\section{\module{distutils.command.config} --- Perform package configuration}
\declaremodule{standard}{distutils.command.config}
\modulesynopsis{Perform package configuration}
% todo
\subsubsection{\module{distutils.command.install} --- Install a package}
\declaremodule{standard}{distutils.command.install}
\modulesynopsis{Install a package}
% todo
\subsubsection{\module{distutils.command.install_data}
--- Install data files from a package}
\declaremodule[distutils.command.installdata]{standard}{distutils.command.install_data}
\modulesynopsis{Install data files from a package}
% todo
\subsubsection{\module{distutils.command.install_headers}
--- Install C/\Cpp{} header files from a package}
\declaremodule[distutils.command.installheaders]{standard}{distutils.command.install_headers}
\modulesynopsis{Install C/\Cpp{} header files from a package}
% todo
\subsubsection{\module{distutils.command.install_lib}
--- Install library files from a package}
\declaremodule[distutils.command.installlib]{standard}{distutils.command.install_lib}
\modulesynopsis{Install library files from a package}
% todo
\subsubsection{\module{distutils.command.install_scripts}
--- Install script files from a package}
\declaremodule[distutils.command.installscripts]{standard}{distutils.command.install_scripts}
\modulesynopsis{Install script files from a package}
% todo
\subsubsection{\module{distutils.command.register}
--- Register a module with the Python Package Index}
\declaremodule{standard}{distutils.command.register}
\modulesynopsis{Register a module with the Python Package Index}
The \code{register} command registers the package with the Python Package
Index. This is described in more detail in \pep{301}.
% todo
\subsubsection{Creating a new Distutils command}
This section outlines the steps to create a new Distutils command.
A new command lives in a module in the \module{distutils.command}
package. There is a sample template in that directory called
\file{command_template}. Copy this file to a new module with the
same name as the new command you're implementing. This module should
implement a class with the same name as the module (and the command).
So, for instance, to create the command \code{peel_banana} (so that users
can run \samp{setup.py peel_banana}), you'd copy \file{command_template}
to \file{distutils/command/peel_banana.py}, then edit it so that it's
implementing the class \class{peel_banana}, a subclass of
\class{distutils.cmd.Command}.
Subclasses of \class{Command} must define the following methods.
\begin{methoddesc}{initialize_options()}
Set default values for all the options that this command
supports. Note that these defaults may be overridden by other
commands, by the setup script, by config files, or by the
command-line. Thus, this is not the place to code dependencies
between options; generally, \method{initialize_options()} implementations
are just a bunch of \samp{self.foo = None} assignments.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{finalize_options}{}
Set final values for all the options that this command supports.
This is always called as late as possible, ie. after any option
assignments from the command-line or from other commands have been
done. Thus, this is the place to to code option dependencies: if
\var{foo} depends on \var{bar}, then it is safe to set \var{foo} from
\var{bar} as long as \var{foo} still has the same value it was assigned in
\method{initialize_options()}.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{run}{}
A command's raison d'etre: carry out the action it exists to
perform, controlled by the options initialized in
\method{initialize_options()}, customized by other commands, the setup
script, the command-line, and config files, and finalized in
\method{finalize_options()}. All terminal output and filesystem
interaction should be done by \method{run()}.
\end{methoddesc}
\var{sub_commands} formalizes the notion of a ``family'' of commands,
eg. \code{install} as the parent with sub-commands \code{install_lib},
\code{install_headers}, etc. The parent of a family of commands
defines \var{sub_commands} as a class attribute; it's a list of
2-tuples \samp{(command_name, predicate)}, with \var{command_name} a string
and \var{predicate} an unbound method, a string or None.
\var{predicate} is a method of the parent command that
determines whether the corresponding command is applicable in the
current situation. (Eg. we \code{install_headers} is only applicable if
we have any C header files to install.) If \var{predicate} is None,
that command is always applicable.
\var{sub_commands} is usually defined at the *end* of a class, because
predicates can be unbound methods, so they must already have been
defined. The canonical example is the \command{install} command.
\end{document}
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