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whatsnew/3.5: Editorialization pass on library section 

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......@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ Summary -- Release highlights
New syntax features:
* :pep:`465`, a new matrix multiplication operator: ``a @ b``.
* :pep:`492`, coroutines with async and await syntax.
* :pep:`465`, a new matrix multiplication operator: ``a @ b``.
* :pep:`448`, additional unpacking generalizations.
New library modules:
......@@ -94,22 +94,24 @@ New built-in features:
* New :exc:`RecursionError` exception. (Contributed by Georg Brandl
in :issue:`19235`.)
Implementation improvements:
CPython implementation improvements:
* When the ``LC_TYPE`` locale is the POSIX locale (``C`` locale),
:py:data:`sys.stdin` and :py:data:`sys.stdout` are now using the
``surrogateescape`` error handler, instead of the ``strict`` error handler
(:issue:`19977`).
* :pep:`488`, the elimination of ``.pyo`` files.
* ``.pyo`` files are no longer used and have been replaced by a more flexible
scheme that inclides the optimization level explicitly in ``.pyc`` name.
(:pep:`488`)
* :pep:`489`, multi-phase initialization of extension modules.
* Builtin and extension modules are now initialized in a multi-phase process,
which is similar to how Python modules are loaded. (:pep:`489`).
Significantly Improved Library Modules:
* :class:`collections.OrderedDict` is now implemented in C, which improves
its performance between 4x to 100x times. Contributed by Eric Snow in
:issue:`16991`.
* :class:`collections.OrderedDict` is now implemented in C, which makes it
4 to 100 times faster. Contributed by Eric Snow in :issue:`16991`.
* You may now pass bytes to the :mod:`tempfile` module's APIs and it will
return the temporary pathname as :class:`bytes` instead of :class:`str`.
......@@ -146,8 +148,8 @@ Security improvements:
Windows improvements:
* A new installer for Windows has replaced the old MSI. See :ref:`using-on-windows`
for more information.
* A new installer for Windows has replaced the old MSI.
See :ref:`using-on-windows` for more information.
* Windows builds now use Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0, and extension modules
should use the same.
......@@ -252,6 +254,8 @@ such as :class:`asyncio.Loop`.
PEP written and implemented by Yury Selivanov.
.. _whatsnew-pep-465:
PEP 465 - A dedicated infix operator for matrix multiplication
--------------------------------------------------------------
......@@ -297,6 +301,8 @@ An upcoming release of NumPy 1.10 will add support for the new operator::
PEP written by Nathaniel J. Smith; implemented by Benjamin Peterson.
.. _whatsnew-pep-448:
PEP 448 - Additional Unpacking Generalizations
----------------------------------------------
......@@ -333,6 +339,8 @@ unpackings::
Thomas Wouters, and Joshua Landau.
.. _whatsnew-pep-461:
PEP 461 - % formatting support for bytes and bytearray
------------------------------------------------------
......@@ -364,6 +372,8 @@ Unicode is not allowed for ``%s``, but it is accepted by ``%a`` (equivalent of
Ethan Furman.
.. _whatsnew-pep-484:
PEP 484 - Type Hints
--------------------
......@@ -389,11 +399,13 @@ types.
implemented by Guido van Rossum.
.. _whatsnew-pep-471:
PEP 471 - os.scandir() function -- a better and faster directory iterator
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
:pep:`471` adds a new directory iteration function, :func:`os.scandir`,
to the standard library. Additionally, :func:`os.walk` is now
to the standard library. Additionally, :func:`os.walk` is now
implemented using :func:`os.scandir`, which speeds it up by 3-5 times
on POSIX systems and by 7-20 times on Windows systems.
......@@ -403,6 +415,8 @@ on POSIX systems and by 7-20 times on Windows systems.
PEP written and implemented by Ben Hoyt with the help of Victor Stinner.
.. _whatsnew-pep-475:
PEP 475: Retry system calls failing with EINTR
----------------------------------------------
......@@ -455,6 +469,8 @@ not raise an exception:
Victor Stinner, with the help of Antoine Pitrou (the french connection).
.. _whatsnew-pep-479:
PEP 479: Change StopIteration handling inside generators
--------------------------------------------------------
......@@ -475,6 +491,8 @@ raised.
Chris Angelico, Yury Selivanov and Nick Coghlan.
.. _whatsnew-pep-486:
PEP 486: Make the Python Launcher aware of virtual environments
---------------------------------------------------------------
......@@ -489,6 +507,8 @@ environment will be used.
PEP written and implemented by Paul Moore.
.. _whatsnew-pep-488:
PEP 488: Elimination of PYO files
---------------------------------
......@@ -497,9 +517,10 @@ PEP 488: Elimination of PYO files
need to constantly regenerate bytecode files, ``.pyc`` files now have an
optional ``opt-`` tag in their name when the bytecode is optimized. This has the
side-effect of no more bytecode file name clashes when running under either
``-O`` or ``-OO``. Consequently, bytecode files generated from ``-O``, and
``-OO`` may now exist simultaneously. :func:`importlib.util.cache_from_source`
has an updated API to help with this change.
:option:`-O` or :option:`-OO`. Consequently, bytecode files generated from
:option:`-O`, and :option:`-OO` may now exist simultaneously.
:func:`importlib.util.cache_from_source` has an updated API to help with
this change.
.. seealso::
......@@ -507,6 +528,8 @@ has an updated API to help with this change.
PEP written and implemented by Brett Cannon.
.. _whatsnew-pep-489:
PEP 489: Multi-phase extension module initialization
----------------------------------------------------
......@@ -525,6 +548,8 @@ rather than being restricted to ASCII.
implemented by Petr Viktorin.
.. _whatsnew-pep-485:
PEP 485: A function for testing approximate equality
----------------------------------------------------
......@@ -576,8 +601,8 @@ zipapp
The new :mod:`zipapp` module (specified in :pep:`441`) provides an API and
command line tool for creating executable Python Zip Applications, which
were introduced in Python 2.6 in :issue:`1739468` but which were not well
publicised, either at the time or since.
were introduced in Python 2.6 in :issue:`1739468`, but which were not well
publicized, either at the time or since.
With the new module, bundling your application is as simple as putting all
the files, including a ``__main__.py`` file, into a directory ``myapp``
......@@ -586,6 +611,13 @@ and running::
$ python -m zipapp myapp
$ python myapp.pyz
The module implementation has been contributed by Paul Moore in
:issue:`23491`.
.. seealso::
:pep:`441` -- Improving Python ZIP Application Support
Improved Modules
================
......@@ -593,191 +625,209 @@ Improved Modules
argparse
--------
* :class:`~argparse.ArgumentParser` now allows to disable
:ref:`abbreviated usage <prefix-matching>` of long options by setting
:ref:`allow_abbrev` to ``False``.
(Contributed by Jonathan Paugh, Steven Bethard, paul j3 and Daniel Eriksson
in :issue:`14910`.)
:class:`~argparse.ArgumentParser` now allows to disable
:ref:`abbreviated usage <prefix-matching>` of long options by setting
:ref:`allow_abbrev` to ``False``. (Contributed by Jonathan Paugh,
Steven Bethard, paul j3 and Daniel Eriksson in :issue:`14910`.)
bz2
---
* New option *max_length* for :meth:`~bz2.BZ2Decompressor.decompress`
to limit the maximum size of decompressed data.
(Contributed by Nikolaus Rath in :issue:`15955`.)
:meth:`~bz2.BZ2Decompressor.decompress` now accepts an optional *max_length*
argument to limit the maximum size of decompressed data. (Contributed by
Nikolaus Rath in :issue:`15955`.)
cgi
---
* :class:`~cgi.FieldStorage` now supports the context management protocol.
(Contributed by Berker Peksag in :issue:`20289`.)
:class:`~cgi.FieldStorage` now supports the context management protocol.
(Contributed by Berker Peksag in :issue:`20289`.)
cmath
-----
* :func:`cmath.isclose` function added.
(Contributed by Chris Barker and Tal Einat in :issue:`24270`.)
A new function :func:`cmath.isclose` provides a way to test for approximate
equality. (Contributed by Chris Barker and Tal Einat in :issue:`24270`.)
code
----
* The :func:`code.InteractiveInterpreter.showtraceback` method now prints
the full chained traceback, just like the interactive interpreter.
(Contributed by Claudiu Popa in :issue:`17442`.)
The :func:`code.InteractiveInterpreter.showtraceback` method now prints
the full chained traceback, just like the interactive interpreter.
(Contributed by Claudiu Popa in :issue:`17442`.)
collections
-----------
* You can now update docstrings produced by :func:`collections.namedtuple`::
Docstrings produced by :func:`collections.namedtuple` can now be updated::
Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y'])
Point.__doc__ = 'ordered pair'
Point.x.__doc__ = 'abscissa'
Point.y.__doc__ = 'ordinate'
(Contributed by Berker Peksag in :issue:`24064`.)
(Contributed by Berker Peksag in :issue:`24064`.)
The :class:`~collections.deque` now defines
:meth:`~collections.deque.index`, :meth:`~collections.deque.insert`, and
:meth:`~collections.deque.copy`. This allows deques to be recognized as a
:class:`~collections.abc.MutableSequence` and improves their substitutablity
for lists. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger :issue:`23704`.)
* :class:`~collections.deque` has new methods:
:meth:`~collections.deque.index`, :meth:`~collections.deque.insert`, and
:meth:`~collections.deque.copy`. This allows deques to be registered as a
:class:`~collections.abc.MutableSequence` and improves their
substitutablity for lists.
(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger :issue:`23704`.)
:class:`~collections.UserString` now implements :meth:`__getnewargs__`,
:meth:`__rmod__`, :meth:`casefold`, :meth:`format_map`, :meth:`isprintable`, and
:meth:`maketrans` methods to match corresponding methods of :class:`str`.
(Contributed by Joe Jevnik in :issue:`22189`.)
* :class:`~collections.UserString` now supports ``__getnewargs__``,
``__rmod__``, ``casefold``, ``format_map``, ``isprintable``, and
``maketrans`` methods.
(Contributed by Joe Jevnik in :issue:`22189`.)
:class:`collections.OrderedDict` is now implemented in C, which makes it 4x to
100x faster. (Contributed by Eric Snow in :issue:`16991`.)
* :class:`collections.OrderedDict` is now implemented in C, which improves
its performance between 4x to 100x times.
(Contributed by Eric Snow in :issue:`16991`.)
collections.abc
---------------
* New :class:`~collections.abc.Generator` abstract base class.
(Contributed by Stefan Behnel in :issue:`24018`.)
New :class:`~collections.abc.Generator` abstract base class. (Contributed
by Stefan Behnel in :issue:`24018`.)
New :class:`~collections.abc.Coroutine`,
:class:`~collections.abc.AsyncIterator`, and
:class:`~collections.abc.AsyncIterable` abstract base classes.
(Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`24184`.)
* New :class:`~collections.abc.Coroutine`,
:class:`~collections.abc.AsyncIterator`, and
:class:`~collections.abc.AsyncIterable` abstract base classes.
(Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`24184`.)
compileall
----------
* :func:`compileall.compile_dir` and :mod:`compileall`'s command-line interface
can now do parallel bytecode compilation.
(Contributed by Claudiu Popa in :issue:`16104`.)
A new :mod:`compileall` option, :option:`-j N`, allows to run ``N`` workers
sumultaneously to perform parallel bytecode compilation. :func:`compileall.compile_dir` has a corresponding ``workers`` parameter. (Contributed by
Claudiu Popa in :issue:`16104`.)
The :option:`-q` command line option can now be specified more than once, in
which case all output, including errors, will be suppressed. The corresponding
``quiet`` parameter in :func:`compileall.compile_dir`, :func:`compileall.
compile_file`, and :func:`compileall.compile_path` can now accept
an integer value indicating the level of output suppression.
(Contributed by Thomas Kluyver in :issue:`21338`.)
* *quiet* parameter of :func:`compileall.compile_dir`,
:func:`compileall.compile_file`, and :func:`compileall.compile_path`
functions now has a multilevel value. New ``-qq`` command line option
is available for suppressing the output.
(Contributed by Thomas Kluyver in :issue:`21338`.)
concurrent.futures
------------------
* :meth:`~concurrent.futures.Executor.map` now takes a *chunksize*
argument to allow batching of tasks in child processes and improve
performance of ProcessPoolExecutor.
(Contributed by Dan O'Reilly in :issue:`11271`.)
:meth:`~concurrent.futures.Executor.map` now accepts a *chunksize*
argument to allow batching of tasks in child processes and improve performance
of ProcessPoolExecutor. (Contributed by Dan O'Reilly in :issue:`11271`.)
contextlib
----------
* The new :func:`contextlib.redirect_stderr` context manager(similar to
:func:`contextlib.redirect_stdout`) makes it easier for utility scripts to
handle inflexible APIs that write their output to :data:`sys.stderr` and
don't provide any options to redirect it.
(Contributed by Berker Peksag in :issue:`22389`.)
The new :func:`contextlib.redirect_stderr` context manager (similar to
:func:`contextlib.redirect_stdout`) makes it easier for utility scripts to
handle inflexible APIs that write their output to :data:`sys.stderr` and
don't provide any options to redirect it. (Contributed by Berker Peksag in
:issue:`22389`.)
curses
------
* The new :func:`curses.update_lines_cols` function updates the variables
:envvar:`curses.LINES` and :envvar:`curses.COLS`.
The new :func:`curses.update_lines_cols` function updates the variables
:envvar:`curses.LINES` and :envvar:`curses.COLS`.
difflib
-------
* The charset of the HTML document generated by :meth:`difflib.HtmlDiff.make_file`
can now be customized by using *charset* keyword-only parameter. The default
charset of HTML document changed from ``'ISO-8859-1'`` to ``'utf-8'``.
(Contributed by Berker Peksag in :issue:`2052`.)
The charset of the HTML document generated by :meth:`difflib.HtmlDiff.make_file`
can now be customized by using *charset* keyword-only parameter. The default
charset of HTML document changed from ``'ISO-8859-1'`` to ``'utf-8'``.
(Contributed by Berker Peksag in :issue:`2052`.)
It is now possible to compare lists of byte strings with
:func:`difflib.diff_bytes`. This fixes a regression from Python 2.
(Contributed by Terry J. Reedy and Greg Ward in :issue:`17445`.)
* It's now possible to compare lists of byte strings with
:func:`difflib.diff_bytes`. This fixes a regression from Python 2.
(Contributed by Terry J. Reedy and Greg Ward in :issue:`17445`.)
distutils
---------
* The ``build`` and ``build_ext`` commands now accept a ``-j``
option to enable parallel building of extension modules.
(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`5309`.)
The ``build`` and ``build_ext`` commands now accept a :option:`-j` option to
enable parallel building of extension modules.
(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`5309`.)
:mod:`distutils` now supports ``xz`` compression, and can be enabled by
passing ``xztar`` as an argument to ``bdist --format``.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`16314`.)
* Added support for the LZMA compression.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`16314`.)
doctest
-------
* :func:`doctest.DocTestSuite` returns an empty :class:`unittest.TestSuite` if
*module* contains no docstrings instead of raising :exc:`ValueError`.
(Contributed by Glenn Jones in :issue:`15916`.)
:func:`doctest.DocTestSuite` returns an empty :class:`unittest.TestSuite` if
*module* contains no docstrings instead of raising :exc:`ValueError`.
(Contributed by Glenn Jones in :issue:`15916`.)
email
-----
* A new policy option :attr:`~email.policy.Policy.mangle_from_` controls
whether or not lines that start with "From " in email bodies are prefixed with
a '>' character by generators. The default is ``True`` for
:attr:`~email.policy.compat32` and ``False`` for all other policies.
(Contributed by Milan Oberkirch in :issue:`20098`.)
A new policy option :attr:`~email.policy.Policy.mangle_from_` controls
whether or not lines that start with ``"From "`` in email bodies are prefixed
with a ``'>'`` character by generators. The default is ``True`` for
:attr:`~email.policy.compat32` and ``False`` for all other policies.
(Contributed by Milan Oberkirch in :issue:`20098`.)
A new method :meth:`~email.message.Message.get_content_disposition` provides
easy access to a canonical value for the :mailheader:`Content-Disposition`
header (``None`` if there is no such header). (Contributed by Abhilash Raj
in :issue:`21083`.)
* A new method :meth:`~email.message.Message.get_content_disposition` provides
easy access to a canonical value for the :mailheader:`Content-Disposition`
header (``None`` if there is no such header). (Contributed by Abhilash Raj
in :issue:`21083`.)
A new policy option :attr:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy.utf8` can be set
to ``True`` to encode email headers using the UTF-8 charset instead of using
encoded words. This allows ``Messages`` to be formatted according to
:rfc:`6532` and used with an SMTP server that supports the :rfc:`6531`
``SMTPUTF8`` extension. (Contributed by R. David Murray in :issue:`24211`.)
* A new policy option :attr:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy.utf8` can be set
``True`` to encode email headers using the utf8 charset instead of using
encoded words. This allows ``Messages`` to be formatted according to
:rfc:`6532` and used with an SMTP server that supports the :rfc:`6531`
``SMTPUTF8`` extension. (Contributed by R. David Murray in :issue:`24211`.)
faulthandler
------------
* :func:`~faulthandler.enable`, :func:`~faulthandler.register`,
:func:`~faulthandler.dump_traceback` and
:func:`~faulthandler.dump_traceback_later` functions now accept file
descriptors. (Contributed by Wei Wu in :issue:`23566`.)
:func:`~faulthandler.enable`, :func:`~faulthandler.register`,
:func:`~faulthandler.dump_traceback` and
:func:`~faulthandler.dump_traceback_later` functions now accept file
descriptors in addition to file-like objects.
(Contributed by Wei Wu in :issue:`23566`.)
functools
---------
* Most of :func:`~functools.lru_cache` machinery is now implemented in C.
(Contributed by Matt Joiner, Alexey Kachayev, and Serhiy Storchaka
in :issue:`14373`.)
Most of :func:`~functools.lru_cache` machinery is now implemented in C, making
it significantly faster. (Contributed by Matt Joiner, Alexey Kachayev, and
Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`14373`.)
glob
----
00002-5938667
:func:`~glob.iglob` and :func:`~glob.glob` now support recursive search in
subdirectories using the "``**``" pattern. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka
in :issue:`13968`.)
* :func:`~glob.iglob` and :func:`~glob.glob` now support recursive search in
subdirectories using the "``**``" pattern.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`13968`.)
heapq
-----
* :func:`~heapq.merge` has two new optional parameters ``reverse`` and
``key``. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`13742`.)
Element comparison in :func:`~heapq.merge` can now be customized by
passing a :term:`key function` in a new optional ``key`` keyword argument.
A new optional ``reverse`` keyword argument can be used to reverse element
comparison. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`13742`.)
idlelib and IDLE
----------------
......@@ -788,512 +838,613 @@ import by other programs, it gets improvements with every release. See
as well as changes made in future 3.5.x releases. This file is also available
from the IDLE Help -> About Idle dialog.
imaplib
-------
* :class:`IMAP4` now supports the context management protocol. When used in a
:keyword:`with` statement, the IMAP4 ``LOGOUT`` command will be called
automatically at the end of the block. (Contributed by Tarek Ziadé and
Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`4972`.)
:class:`~imaplib.IMAP4` now supports context manager protocol.
When used in a :keyword:`with` statement, the IMAP4 ``LOGOUT``
command will be called automatically at the end of the block.
(Contributed by Tarek Ziadé and Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`4972`.)
* :mod:`imaplib` now supports :rfc:`5161`: the :meth:`~imaplib.IMAP4.enable`
extension), and :rfc:`6855`: utf-8 support (internationalized email, via the
``UTF8=ACCEPT`` argument to :meth:`~imaplib.IMAP4.enable`). A new attribute,
:attr:`~imaplib.IMAP4.utf8_enabled`, tracks whether or not :rfc:`6855`
support is enabled. Milan Oberkirch, R. David Murray, and Maciej Szulik in
:issue:`21800`.)
:mod:`imaplib` now supports :rfc:`5161` (``ENABLE`` extension) via
:meth:`~imaplib.IMAP4.enable`, and :rfc:`6855` (UTF-8 support) via the
``UTF8=ACCEPT`` argument to :meth:`~imaplib.IMAP4.enable`. A new attribute,
:attr:`~imaplib.IMAP4.utf8_enabled`, tracks whether or not :rfc:`6855`
support is enabled. (Contributed by Milan Oberkirch, R. David Murray,
and Maciej Szulik in :issue:`21800`.)
:mod:`imaplib` now automatically encodes non-ASCII string usernames and
passwords using UTF-8, as recommended by the RFCs. (Contributed by Milan
Oberkirch in :issue:`21800`.)
* :mod:`imaplib` now automatically encodes non-ASCII string usernames and
passwords using ``UTF8``, as recommended by the RFCs. (Contributed by Milan
Oberkirch in :issue:`21800`.)
imghdr
------
* :func:`~imghdr.what` now recognizes the `OpenEXR <http://www.openexr.com>`_
format (contributed by Martin Vignali and Claudiu Popa in :issue:`20295`),
and the `WebP <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebP>`_ format (contributed
by Fabrice Aneche and Claudiu Popa in :issue:`20197`.)
:func:`~imghdr.what` now recognizes the `OpenEXR <http://www.openexr.com>`_
format (contributed by Martin Vignali and Claudiu Popa in :issue:`20295`),
and the `WebP <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebP>`_ format (contributed
by Fabrice Aneche and Claudiu Popa in :issue:`20197`.)
importlib
---------
* :class:`importlib.util.LazyLoader` allows for the lazy loading of modules in
applications where startup time is paramount.
(Contributed by Brett Cannon in :issue:`17621`.)
:class:`importlib.util.LazyLoader` allows for lazy loading of modules in
applications where startup time is important. (Contributed by Brett Cannon
in :issue:`17621`.)
:func:`importlib.abc.InspectLoader.source_to_code` is now a
static method. This makes it easier to initialize a module object with
code compiled from a string by runnning ``exec(code, module.__dict__)``.
(Contributed by Brett Cannon in :issue:`21156`.)
* :func:`importlib.abc.InspectLoader.source_to_code` is now a
static method to make it easier to work with source code in a string.
With a module object that you want to initialize you can then use
``exec(code, module.__dict__)`` to execute the code in the module.
:func:`importlib.util.module_from_spec` is now the preferred way to create a
new module. Compared to :class:`types.ModuleType`, this new function will set
the various import-controlled attributes based on the passed-in spec object.
(Contributed by Brett Cannon in :issue:`20383`.)
* :func:`importlib.util.module_from_spec` is now the preferred way to create a
new module. Compared to :class:`types.ModuleType`, this new function will set
the various import-controlled attributes based on the passed-in spec object.
(Contributed by Brett Cannon in :issue:`20383`.)
inspect
-------
* :class:`inspect.Signature` and :class:`inspect.Parameter` are now
picklable and hashable. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`20726`
and :issue:`20334`.)
:class:`inspect.Signature` and :class:`inspect.Parameter` are now
picklable and hashable. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`20726`
and :issue:`20334`.)
* New method :meth:`inspect.BoundArguments.apply_defaults`. (Contributed
by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`24190`.)
A new method :meth:`inspect.BoundArguments.apply_defaults` provides a way
to set default values for missing arguments. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov
in :issue:`24190`.)
* New class method :meth:`inspect.Signature.from_callable`, which makes
subclassing of :class:`~inspect.Signature` easier. (Contributed
by Yury Selivanov and Eric Snow in :issue:`17373`.)
A new class method :meth:`inspect.Signature.from_callable` makes
subclassing of :class:`~inspect.Signature` easier. (Contributed
by Yury Selivanov and Eric Snow in :issue:`17373`.)
* New argument ``follow_wrapped`` for :func:`inspect.signature`.
(Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`20691`.)
:func:`inspect.signature` now accepts a ``follow_wrapped`` optional keyword
argument, which, when set to ``False``, disables automatic following of
``__wrapped__`` links. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`20691`.)
* New :func:`~inspect.iscoroutine`, :func:`~inspect.iscoroutinefunction`
and :func:`~inspect.isawaitable` functions. (Contributed by
Yury Selivanov in :issue:`24017`.)
A set of new functions to inspect
:term:`coroutine functions <coroutine function>` and
``coroutine objects`` as been added:
:func:`~inspect.iscoroutine`, :func:`~inspect.iscoroutinefunction`,
:func:`~inspect.isawaitable`, :func:`~inspect.getcoroutinelocals`,
and :func:`~inspect.getcoroutinestate`.
(Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`24017` and :issue:`24400`.)
* New :func:`~inspect.getcoroutinelocals` and :func:`~inspect.getcoroutinestate`
functions. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`24400`.)
:func:`~inspect.stack`, :func:`~inspect.trace`, :func:`~inspect.getouterframes`,
and :func:`~inspect.getinnerframes` now return a list of named tuples.
(Contributed by Daniel Shahaf in :issue:`16808`.)
* :func:`~inspect.stack`, :func:`~inspect.trace`, :func:`~inspect.getouterframes`,
and :func:`~inspect.getinnerframes` now return a list of named tuples.
(Contributed by Daniel Shahaf in :issue:`16808`.)
io
--
* New Python implementation of :class:`io.FileIO` to make dependency on
``_io`` module optional.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`21859`.)
:class:`io.FileIO` has been implemented in Python which makes C implementation
of :mod:`io` module entirely optional. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka
in :issue:`21859`.)
ipaddress
---------
* :class:`ipaddress.IPv4Network` and :class:`ipaddress.IPv6Network` now
accept an ``(address, netmask)`` tuple argument, so as to easily construct
network objects from existing addresses. (Contributed by Peter Moody
and Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`16531`.)
:class:`ipaddress.IPv4Network` and :class:`ipaddress.IPv6Network` now
accept an ``(address, netmask)`` tuple argument, so as to easily construct
network objects from existing addresses. (Contributed by Peter Moody
and Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`16531`.)
json
----
* The output of :mod:`json.tool` command line interface is now in the same
order as the input. Use the :option:`--sort-keys` option to sort the output
of dictionaries alphabetically by key. (Contributed by Berker Peksag in
:issue:`21650`.)
:mod:`json.tool` command line interface now preserves the order of keys in
JSON objects passed in input. The new :option:`--sort-keys` option can be used
to sort the keys alphabetically. (Contributed by Berker Peksag
in :issue:`21650`.)
JSON decoder now raises :exc:`json.JSONDecodeError` instead of
:exc:`ValueError`. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`19361`.)
* JSON decoder now raises :exc:`json.JSONDecodeError` instead of
:exc:`ValueError`. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`19361`.)
locale
------
* New :func:`~locale.delocalize` function to convert a string into a
normalized number string, following the ``LC_NUMERIC`` settings.
(Contributed by Cédric Krier in :issue:`13918`.)
A new :func:`~locale.delocalize` function can be used to convert a string into
a normalized number string, taking the ``LC_NUMERIC`` settings into account.
(Contributed by Cédric Krier in :issue:`13918`.)
logging
-------
* All logging methods :meth:`~logging.Logger.log`, :meth:`~logging.Logger.exception`,
:meth:`~logging.Logger.critical`, :meth:`~logging.Logger.debug`, etc,
now accept exception instances for ``exc_info`` parameter, in addition
to boolean values and exception tuples.
(Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`20537`.)
All logging methods (:meth:`~logging.Logger.log`,
:meth:`~logging.Logger.exception`, :meth:`~logging.Logger.critical`,
:meth:`~logging.Logger.debug`, etc.), now accept exception instances
in ``exc_info`` parameter, in addition to boolean values and exception
tuples. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`20537`.)
:class:`~logging.handlers.HTTPHandler` now accepts an optional
:class:`ssl.SSLContext` instance to configure the SSL settings used
in an HTTP connection. (Contributed by Alex Gaynor in :issue:`22788`.)
* :class:`~logging.handlers.HTTPHandler` now accepts optional
:class:`ssl.SSLContext` instance to configure the SSL settings used
for HTTP connection.
(Contributed by Alex Gaynor in :issue:`22788`.)
:class:`~logging.handlers.QueueListener` now takes a *respect_handler_level*
keyword argument which, if set to ``True``, will pass messages to handlers
taking handler levels into account. (Contributed by Vinay Sajip.)
* :class:`~logging.handlers.QueueListener` now takes a *respect_handler_level*
keyword argument which, if set to ``True``, will pass messages to handlers
taking handler levels into account. (Contributed by Vinay Sajip.)
lzma
----
* New option *max_length* for :meth:`~lzma.LZMADecompressor.decompress`
to limit the maximum size of decompressed data.
(Contributed by Martin Panter in :issue:`15955`.)
:meth:`~lzma.LZMADecompressor.decompress` now accepts an optional *max_length*
argument to limit the maximum size of decompressed data.
(Contributed by Martin Panter in :issue:`15955`.)
math
----
* :data:`math.inf` and :data:`math.nan` constants added. (Contributed by Mark
Dickinson in :issue:`23185`.)
Two new constants have been added to :mod:`math`: :data:`math.inf`
and :data:`math.nan`. (Contributed by Mark Dickinson in :issue:`23185`.)
* New :func:`~math.isclose` function.
(Contributed by Chris Barker and Tal Einat in :issue:`24270`.)
A new function :func:`math.isclose` provides a way to test for approximate
equality. (Contributed by Chris Barker and Tal Einat in :issue:`24270`.)
A new :func:`~math.gcd` function has been added. The :func:`fractions.gcd`
function is now deprecated. (Contributed by Mark Dickinson and Serhiy
Storchaka in :issue:`22486`.)
* New :func:`~math.gcd` function. The :func:`fractions.gcd` function now is
deprecated.
(Contributed by Mark Dickinson and Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`22486`.)
operator
--------
* :func:`~operator.attrgetter`, :func:`~operator.itemgetter`, and
:func:`~operator.methodcaller` objects now support pickling.
(Contributed by Josh Rosenberg and Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`22955`.)
:func:`~operator.attrgetter`, :func:`~operator.itemgetter`, and
:func:`~operator.methodcaller` objects now support pickling.
(Contributed by Josh Rosenberg and Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`22955`.)
os
--
* New :func:`os.scandir` function that exposes file information from
the operating system when listing a directory. :func:`os.scandir`
returns an iterator of :class:`os.DirEntry` objects corresponding to
the entries in the directory given by *path*. (Contributed by Ben
Hoyt with the help of Victor Stinner in :issue:`22524`.)
The new :func:`os.scandir` returning an iterator of :class:`os.DirEntry`
objects has been added. If possible, :func:`os.scandir` extracts file
attributes while scanning a directory, removing the need to perform
subsequent system calls to determine file type or attributes, which may
significantly improve performance. (Contributed by Ben Hoyt with the help
of Victor Stinner in :issue:`22524`.)
On Windows, a new :attr:`~os.stat_result.st_file_attributes` attribute is
now available. It corresponds to ``dwFileAttributes`` member of the
``BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION`` structure returned by
``GetFileInformationByHandle()``. (Contributed by Ben Hoyt in :issue:`21719`.)
* :class:`os.stat_result` now has a :attr:`~os.stat_result.st_file_attributes`
attribute on Windows. (Contributed by Ben Hoyt in :issue:`21719`.)
:func:`os.urandom` now uses ``getrandom()`` syscall on Linux 3.17 or newer,
and ``getentropy()`` on OpenBSD 5.6 and newer, removing the need to use
``/dev/urandom`` and avoiding failures due to potential file descriptor
exhaustion. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`22181`.)
* :func:`os.urandom`: On Linux 3.17 and newer, the ``getrandom()`` syscall is
now used when available. On OpenBSD 5.6 and newer, the C ``getentropy()``
function is now used. These functions avoid the usage of an internal file
descriptor.
(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`22181`.)
New :func:`os.get_blocking` and :func:`os.set_blocking` functions allow to
get and set the file descriptor blocking mode (:data:`~os.O_NONBLOCK`.)
(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`22054`.)
* New :func:`os.get_blocking` and :func:`os.set_blocking` functions to
get and set the blocking mode of file descriptors.
(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`22054`.)
:func:`~os.truncate` and :func:`~os.ftruncate` are now supported on
Windows. (Contributed by Steve Dower in :issue:`23668`.)
* :func:`~os.truncate` and :func:`~os.ftruncate` are now supported on
Windows. (Contributed by Steve Dower in :issue:`23668`.)
os.path
-------
* New :func:`~os.path.commonpath` function that extracts common path prefix.
Unlike the :func:`~os.path.commonprefix` function, it always returns a valid
path. (Contributed by Rafik Draoui and Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`10395`.)
There is a new :func:`~os.path.commonpath` function returning the longest
common sub-path of each passed pathname. Unlike the
:func:`~os.path.commonprefix` function, it always returns a valid
path. (Contributed by Rafik Draoui and Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`10395`.)
pathlib
-------
* New :meth:`~pathlib.Path.samefile` method to check if other path object
points to the same file. (Contributed by Vajrasky Kok and Antoine Pitrou
in :issue:`19775`.)
The new :meth:`~pathlib.Path.samefile` method can be used to check if the
passed :class:`~pathlib.Path` object, or a string, point to the same file as
the :class:`~pathlib.Path` on which :meth:`~pathlib.Path.samefile` is called.
(Contributed by Vajrasky Kok and Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`19775`.)
:meth:`~pathlib.Path.mkdir` how accepts a new optional ``exist_ok`` argument
to match ``mkdir -p`` and :func:`os.makrdirs` functionality.
(Contributed by Berker Peksag in :issue:`21539`.)
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.mkdir` has a new optional parameter ``exist_ok``
to mimic ``mkdir -p`` and :func:`os.makrdirs` functionality.
(Contributed by Berker Peksag in :issue:`21539`.)
There is a new :meth:`~pathlib.Path.expanduser` method to expand ``~``
and ``~user`` prefixes. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka and Claudiu
Popa in :issue:`19776`.)
* New :meth:`~pathlib.Path.expanduser` to expand ``~`` and ``~user``
constructs.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka and Claudiu Popa in :issue:`19776`.)
A new :meth:`~pathlib.Path.home` class method can be used to get an instance
of :class:`~pathlib.Path` object representing the user’s home directory.
(Contributed by Victor Salgado and Mayank Tripathi in :issue:`19777`.)
* New class method :meth:`~pathlib.Path.home` to get an instance of
:class:`~pathlib.Path` object representing the user’s home directory.
(Contributed by Victor Salgado and Mayank Tripathi in :issue:`19777`.)
pickle
------
* Serializing more "lookupable" objects (such as unbound methods or nested
classes) now are supported with pickle protocols < 4.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`23611`.)
Nested objects, such as unbound methods or nested classes, can now be pickled using :ref:`pickle protocols <pickle-protocols>` older than protocol version 4,
which already supported these cases. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in
:issue:`23611`.)
poplib
------
* A new command :meth:`~poplib.POP3.utf8` enables :rfc:`6856`
(internationalized email) support if the POP server supports it. (Contributed
by Milan OberKirch in :issue:`21804`.)
A new command :meth:`~poplib.POP3.utf8` enables :rfc:`6856`
(internationalized email) support, if the POP server supports it.
(Contributed by Milan OberKirch in :issue:`21804`.)
re
--
* Number of capturing groups in regular expression is no longer limited by 100.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`22437`.)
The number of capturing groups in regular expression is no longer limited by
100. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`22437`.)
:func:`re.sub` and :func:`re.subn` now replace unmatched groups with empty
strings instead of rising an exception. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka
in :issue:`1519638`.)
* Now unmatched groups are replaced with empty strings in :func:`re.sub`
and :func:`re.subn`. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`1519638`.)
readline
--------
* New :func:`~readline.append_history_file` function.
(Contributed by Bruno Cauet in :issue:`22940`.)
The new :func:`~readline.append_history_file` function can be used to append
the specified number of trailing elements in history to a given file.
(Contributed by Bruno Cauet in :issue:`22940`.)
shutil
------
* :func:`~shutil.move` now accepts a *copy_function* argument, allowing,
for example, :func:`~shutil.copy` to be used instead of the default
:func:`~shutil.copy2` if there is a need to ignore metadata. (Contributed by
Claudiu Popa in :issue:`19840`.)
:func:`~shutil.move` now accepts a *copy_function* argument, allowing,
for example, :func:`~shutil.copy` to be used instead of the default
:func:`~shutil.copy2` there is a need to ignore file metadata when moving.
(Contributed by Claudiu Popa in :issue:`19840`.)
:func:`~shutil.make_archive` now supports *xztar* format.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`5411`.)
* :func:`~shutil.make_archive` now supports *xztar* format.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`5411`.)
signal
------
* On Windows, :func:`signal.set_wakeup_fd` now also supports socket handles.
(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`22018`.)
On Windows, :func:`signal.set_wakeup_fd` now also supports socket handles.
(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`22018`.)
Various ``SIG*`` constants in :mod:`signal` module have been converted into
:mod:`Enums <enum>`. This allows meaningful names to be printed
during debugging, instead of integer "magic numbers".
(Contributed by Giampaolo Rodola' in :issue:`21076`.)
* Different constants of :mod:`signal` module are now enumeration values using
the :mod:`enum` module. This allows meaningful names to be printed during
debugging, instead of integer “magic numbers”. (Contributed by Giampaolo
Rodola' in :issue:`21076`.)
smtpd
-----
* Both :class:`~smtpd.SMTPServer` and :class:`smtpd.SMTPChannel` now accept a
*decode_data* keyword to determine if the DATA portion of the SMTP
transaction is decoded using the ``utf-8`` codec or is instead provided to
:meth:`~smtpd.SMTPServer.process_message` as a byte string. The default
is ``True`` for backward compatibility reasons, but will change to ``False``
in Python 3.6. If *decode_data* is set to ``False``, the
:meth:`~smtpd.SMTPServer.process_message` method must be prepared to accept
keyword arguments. (Contributed by Maciej Szulik in :issue:`19662`.)
* :class:`~smtpd.SMTPServer` now advertises the ``8BITMIME`` extension
(:rfc:`6152`) if if *decode_data* has been set ``True``. If the client
specifies ``BODY=8BITMIME`` on the ``MAIL`` command, it is passed to
:meth:`~smtpd.SMTPServer.process_message` via the ``mail_options`` keyword.
(Contributed by Milan Oberkirch and R. David Murray in :issue:`21795`.)
* :class:`~smtpd.SMTPServer` now supports the ``SMTPUTF8`` extension
(:rfc:`6531`: Internationalized Email). If the client specified ``SMTPUTF8
BODY=8BITMIME`` on the ``MAIL`` command, they are passed to
:meth:`~smtpd.SMTPServer.process_message` via the ``mail_options`` keyword.
It is the responsibility of the :meth:`~smtpd.SMTPServer.process_message`
method to correctly handle the ``SMTPUTF8`` data. (Contributed by Milan
Oberkirch in :issue:`21725`.)
* It is now possible to provide, directly or via name resolution, IPv6
addresses in the :class:`~smtpd.SMTPServer` constructor, and have it
successfully connect. (Contributed by Milan Oberkirch in :issue:`14758`.)
Both :class:`~smtpd.SMTPServer` and :class:`smtpd.SMTPChannel` now accept a
*decode_data* keyword argument to determine if the ``DATA`` portion of the SMTP
transaction is decoded using the ``"utf-8"`` codec or is instead provided to
:meth:`~smtpd.SMTPServer.process_message` as a byte string. The default
is ``True`` for backward compatibility reasons, but will change to ``False``
in Python 3.6. If *decode_data* is set to ``False``, the
:meth:`~smtpd.SMTPServer.process_message` method must be prepared to accept
keyword arguments. (Contributed by Maciej Szulik in :issue:`19662`.)
:class:`~smtpd.SMTPServer` now advertises the ``8BITMIME`` extension
(:rfc:`6152`) if if *decode_data* has been set ``True``. If the client
specifies ``BODY=8BITMIME`` on the ``MAIL`` command, it is passed to
:meth:`~smtpd.SMTPServer.process_message` via the ``mail_options`` keyword.
(Contributed by Milan Oberkirch and R. David Murray in :issue:`21795`.)
:class:`~smtpd.SMTPServer` now supports the ``SMTPUTF8`` extension
(:rfc:`6531`: Internationalized Email). If the client specified ``SMTPUTF8
BODY=8BITMIME`` on the ``MAIL`` command, they are passed to
:meth:`~smtpd.SMTPServer.process_message` via the ``mail_options`` keyword.
It is the responsibility of the :meth:`~smtpd.SMTPServer.process_message`
method to correctly handle the ``SMTPUTF8`` data. (Contributed by Milan
Oberkirch in :issue:`21725`.)
It is now possible to provide, directly or via name resolution, IPv6
addresses in the :class:`~smtpd.SMTPServer` constructor, and have it
successfully connect. (Contributed by Milan Oberkirch in :issue:`14758`.)
smtplib
-------
* A new :meth:`~smtplib.SMTP.auth` method provides a convenient way to
implement custom authentication mechanisms.
(Contributed by Milan Oberkirch in :issue:`15014`.)
A new :meth:`~smtplib.SMTP.auth` method provides a convenient way to
implement custom authentication mechanisms. (Contributed by Milan
Oberkirch in :issue:`15014`.)
* Additional debuglevel (2) shows timestamps for debug messages in
:class:`smtplib.SMTP`. (Contributed by Gavin Chappell and Maciej Szulik in
:issue:`16914`.)
Additional debuglevel (2) shows timestamps for debug messages in
:class:`smtplib.SMTP`. (Contributed by Gavin Chappell and Maciej Szulik in
:issue:`16914`.)
:mod:`smtplib` now supports :rfc:`6531` (SMTPUTF8) in both the
:meth:`~smtplib.SMTP.sendmail` and :meth:`~smtplib.SMTP.send_message`
commands. (Contributed by Milan Oberkirch and R. David Murray in
:issue:`22027`.)
* :mod:`smtplib` now supports :rfc:`6531` (SMTPUTF8) in both the
:meth:`~smtplib.SMTP.sendmail` and :meth:`~smtplib.SMTP.send_message`
commands. (Contributed by Milan Oberkirch and R. David Murray in
:issue:`22027`.)
sndhdr
------
* :func:`~sndhdr.what` and :func:`~sndhdr.whathdr` now return
:func:`~collections.namedtuple`.
(Contributed by Claudiu Popa in :issue:`18615`.)
:func:`~sndhdr.what` and :func:`~sndhdr.whathdr` now return
:func:`~collections.namedtuple`. (Contributed by Claudiu Popa in
:issue:`18615`.)
ssl
---
* The :meth:`~ssl.SSLSocket.do_handshake`, :meth:`~ssl.SSLSocket.read`,
:meth:`~ssl.SSLSocket.shutdown`, and :meth:`~ssl.SSLSocket.write` methods of
:class:`ssl.SSLSocket` don't reset the socket timeout anymore each time bytes
are received or sent. The socket timeout is now the maximum total duration of
the method.
Memory BIO Support
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(Contributed by Geert Jansen in :issue:`21965`.)
The new :class:`~ssl.SSLObject` class has been added to provide SSL protocol
support for cases when the network IO capabilities of :class:`~ssl.SSLSocket`
are not necessary or inappropriate. :class:`~ssl.SSLObject` represents
an SSL protocol instance, but does not implement any network IO methods, and
instead provides a memory buffer interface. The new :class:`~ssl.MemoryBIO`
class can be used to pass data between Python and an SSL protocol instance.
The memory BIO SSL support is primarily intended to be used in frameworks
implementing asynchronous IO for which :class:`~ssl.SSLObject` IO readiness
model ("select/poll") is inappropriate or inefficient.
A new :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.wrap_bio` method can be used to create a new
:class:`~ssl.SSLObject` instance.
Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation Support
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(Contributed by Benjamin Peterson in :issue:`20188`.)
Where OpenSSL support is present, :mod:`ssl` module now implements *
Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation* TLS extension as described
in :rfc:`7301`.
The new :meth:`SSLContext.set_alpn_protocols <ssl.SSLContext.set_alpn_protocols>`
can be used to specify which protocols the socket should advertise during
the TLS handshake. The new
:meth:`SSLSocket.selected_alpn_protocol <ssl.SSLSocket.selected_alpn_protocol>`
returns the protocol that was selected during the TLS handshake. :data:`ssl.HAS_ALPN` flag indicates whether APLN support is present.
Other Changes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Memory BIO Support: new classes :class:`~ssl.SSLObject`,
:class:`~ssl.MemoryBIO`, and new
:meth:`SSLContext.wrap_bio <ssl.SSLContext.wrap_bio>` method.
(Contributed by Geert Jansen in :issue:`21965`.)
There is a new :meth:`~ssl.SSLSocket.version` method to query the actual
protocol version in use. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`20421`.)
* New :meth:`~ssl.SSLSocket.version` to query the actual protocol version
in use. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`20421`.)
:class:`~ssl.SSLSocket` now implementes :meth:`~ssl.SSLSocket.sendfile`
method. (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodola' in :issue:`17552`.)
* New :meth:`~ssl.SSLObject.shared_ciphers` and
:meth:`~ssl.SSLSocket.shared_ciphers` methods to fetch the client's
list of ciphers sent at handshake.
(Contributed by Benjamin Peterson in :issue:`23186`.)
:meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.send()` now raises either :exc:`ssl.SSLWantReadError`
or :exc:`ssl.SSLWantWriteError` on a non-blocking socket if the operation
would block. Previously, it would return 0. (Contributed by Nikolaus Rath
in :issue:`20951`.)
The :func:`~ssl.cert_time_to_seconds` function now interprets the input time
as UTC and not as local time, per :rfc:`5280`. Additionally, the return
value is always an :class:`int`. (Contributed by Akira Li in :issue:`19940`.)
New :meth:`~ssl.SSLObject.shared_ciphers` and
:meth:`~ssl.SSLSocket.shared_ciphers` methods return the list of ciphers
sent by the client during the handshake. (Contributed by Benjamin Peterson
in :issue:`23186`.)
The :meth:`~ssl.SSLSocket.do_handshake`, :meth:`~ssl.SSLSocket.read`,
:meth:`~ssl.SSLSocket.shutdown`, and :meth:`~ssl.SSLSocket.write` methods of
:class:`ssl.SSLSocket` no longer reset the socket timeout every time bytes
are received or sent. The socket timeout is now the maximum total duration of
the method. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`23853`.)
The :func:`~ssl.match_hostname` function now supports matching of IP addresses.
(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`23239`.)
* :func:`~ssl.match_hostname` now supports matching of IP addresses.
(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`23239`.)
socket
------
* New :meth:`socket.socket.sendfile` method allows to send a file over a socket
by using high-performance :func:`os.sendfile` function on UNIX resulting in
uploads being from 2x to 3x faster than when using plain
:meth:`socket.socket.send`.
(Contributed by Giampaolo Rodola' in :issue:`17552`.)
A new :meth:`socket.socket.sendfile` method allows to send a file over a
socket by using high-performance :func:`os.sendfile` function on UNIX
resulting in uploads being from 2x to 3x faster than when using plain
:meth:`socket.socket.send`. (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodola' in
:issue:`17552`.)
The :meth:`socket.socket.sendall` method no longer resets the socket timeout
every time bytes are received or sent. The socket timeout is now the
maximum total duration to send all data. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in
:issue:`23853`.)
* The :meth:`socket.socket.sendall` method don't reset the socket timeout
anymore each time bytes are received or sent. The socket timeout is now the
maximum total duration to send all data.
Functions with timeouts now use a monotonic clock, instead of a system clock.
(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`22043`.)
* Functions with timeouts now use a monotonic clock, instead of a
system clock. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`22043`.)
subprocess
----------
* The new :func:`subprocess.run` function runs subprocesses and returns a
:class:`subprocess.CompletedProcess` object. It Provides a more consistent
API than :func:`~subprocess.call`, :func:`~subprocess.check_call` and
:func:`~subprocess.check_output`.
The new :func:`subprocess.run` function has been added and is the recommended
approach to invoking subprocesses. It runs the specified command and
and returns a :class:`subprocess.CompletedProcess` object. (Contributed by
Thomas Kluyver in :issue:`23342`.)
sys
---
* New :func:`~sys.set_coroutine_wrapper` and :func:`~sys.get_coroutine_wrapper`
functions. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`24017`.)
A new :func:`~sys.set_coroutine_wrapper` function allows setting a global
hook that will be called whenever a :ref:`coro object <coro-objects>`
is created. Essentially, it works like a global coroutine decorator. A
corresponding :func:`~sys.get_coroutine_wrapper` can be used to obtain
a currently set wrapper. Both functions are provisional, and are intended
for debugging purposes only. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`24017`.)
There is a new :func:`~sys.is_finalizing` function to check if the Python
interpreter is :term:`shutting down <interpreter shutdown>`.
(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`22696`.)
* New :func:`~sys.is_finalizing` to check for :term:`interpreter shutdown`.
(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`22696`.)
sysconfig
---------
* The user scripts directory on Windows is now versioned.
(Contributed by Paul Moore in :issue:`23437`.)
The name of the user scripts directory on Windows now includes the first
two components of Python version. (Contributed by Paul Moore
in :issue:`23437`.)
tarfile
-------
* The :func:`tarfile.open` function now supports ``'x'`` (exclusive creation)
mode. (Contributed by Berker Peksag in :issue:`21717`.)
The *mode* argument of :func:`tarfile.open` function now accepts ``'x'`` to request exclusive creation. (Contributed by Berker Peksag in :issue:`21717`.)
The :meth:`~tarfile.TarFile.extractall` and :meth:`~tarfile.TarFile.extract`
methods now take a keyword argument *numeric_only*. If set to ``True``,
the extracted files and directories will be owned by the numeric uid and gid
from the tarfile. If set to ``False`` (the default, and the behavior in
versions prior to 3.5), they will be owned by the named user and group in the
tarfile. (Contributed by Michael Vogt and Eric Smith in :issue:`23193`.)
* The :meth:`~tarfile.TarFile.extractall` and :meth:`~tarfile.TarFile.extract`
methods now take a keyword parameter *numeric_only*. If set to ``True``,
the extracted files and directories will be owned by the numeric uid and gid
from the tarfile. If set to ``False`` (the default, and the behavior in
versions prior to 3.5), they will be owned by the named user and group in the
tarfile. (Contributed by Michael Vogt and Eric Smith in :issue:`23193`.)
threading
---------
* :meth:`~threading.Lock.acquire` and :meth:`~threading.RLock.acquire`
now use a monotonic clock for managing timeouts.
(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`22043`.)
:meth:`~threading.Lock.acquire` and :meth:`~threading.RLock.acquire`
now use a monotonic clock for timeout management. (Contributed by Victor
Stinner in :issue:`22043`.)
time
----
* The :func:`time.monotonic` function is now always available. (Contributed by
Victor Stinner in :issue:`22043`.)
The :func:`time.monotonic` function is now always available. (Contributed by
Victor Stinner in :issue:`22043`.)
timeit
------
* New command line option ``-u`` or ``--unit=U`` to specify a time unit for
the timer output. Supported options are ``usec``, ``msec``, or ``sec``.
(Contributed by Julian Gindi in :issue:`18983`.)
New command line option :option:`-u` or :option:`--unit=U` to specify a time
unit for the timer output. Supported options are ``usec``, ``msec``, or ``sec``.
(Contributed by Julian Gindi in :issue:`18983`.)
tkinter
-------
* The :mod:`tkinter._fix` module used for setting up the Tcl/Tk environment
on Windows has been replaced by a private function in the :mod:`_tkinter`
module which makes no permanent changes to environment variables.
(Contributed by Zachary Ware in :issue:`20035`.)
The :mod:`tkinter._fix` module used for setting up the Tcl/Tk environment
on Windows has been replaced by a private function in the :mod:`_tkinter`
module which makes no permanent changes to environment variables.
(Contributed by Zachary Ware in :issue:`20035`.)
traceback
---------
* New :func:`~traceback.walk_stack` and :func:`~traceback.walk_tb`
functions to conveniently traverse frame and traceback objects.
(Contributed by Robert Collins in :issue:`17911`.)
New :func:`~traceback.walk_stack` and :func:`~traceback.walk_tb`
functions to conveniently traverse frame and traceback objects.
(Contributed by Robert Collins in :issue:`17911`.)
* New lightweight classes: :class:`~traceback.TracebackException`,
:class:`~traceback.StackSummary`, and :class:`traceback.FrameSummary`.
(Contributed by Robert Collins in :issue:`17911`.)
New lightweight classes: :class:`~traceback.TracebackException`,
:class:`~traceback.StackSummary`, and :class:`traceback.FrameSummary`.
(Contributed by Robert Collins in :issue:`17911`.)
* :func:`~traceback.print_tb` and :func:`~traceback.print_stack` now support
negative values for the *limit* argument.
(Contributed by Dmitry Kazakov in :issue:`22619`.)
:func:`~traceback.print_tb` and :func:`~traceback.print_stack` now support
negative values for the *limit* argument.
(Contributed by Dmitry Kazakov in :issue:`22619`.)
types
-----
* New :func:`~types.coroutine` function. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov
in :issue:`24017`.)
New :func:`~types.coroutine` function. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov
in :issue:`24017`.)
New :class:`~types.CoroutineType`. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov
in :issue:`24400`.)
* New :class:`~types.CoroutineType`. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov
in :issue:`24400`.)
urllib
------
* A new :class:`~urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgrWithPriorAuth` allows HTTP Basic
Authentication credentials to be managed so as to eliminate unnecessary
``401`` response handling, or to unconditionally send credentials
on the first request in order to communicate with servers that return a
``404`` response instead of a ``401`` if the ``Authorization`` header is not
sent. (Contributed by Matej Cepl in :issue:`19494` and Akshit Khurana in
:issue:`7159`.)
A new :class:`~urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgrWithPriorAuth` allows HTTP Basic
Authentication credentials to be managed so as to eliminate unnecessary
``401`` response handling, or to unconditionally send credentials
on the first request in order to communicate with servers that return a
``404`` response instead of a ``401`` if the ``Authorization`` header is not
sent. (Contributed by Matej Cepl in :issue:`19494` and Akshit Khurana in
:issue:`7159`.)
A new :func:`~urllib.parse.urlencode` parameter *quote_via* provides a way to
control the encoding of query parts if needed. (Contributed by Samwyse and
Arnon Yaari in :issue:`13866`.)
* A new :func:`~urllib.parse.urlencode` parameter *quote_via* provides a way to
control the encoding of query parts if needed. (Contributed by Samwyse and
Arnon Yaari in :issue:`13866`.)
:func:`~urllib.request.urlopen` accepts an :class:`ssl.SSLContext`
object as a *context* argument, which will be used for the HTTPS
connection. (Contributed by Alex Gaynor in :issue:`22366`.)
* :func:`~urllib.request.urlopen` accepts an :class:`ssl.SSLContext`
object as a *context* argument, which will be used for the HTTPS
connection. (Contributed by Alex Gaynor in :issue:`22366`.)
unicodedata
-----------
* The :mod:`unicodedata` module now uses data from `Unicode 8.0.0
<http://unicode.org/versions/Unicode8.0.0/>`_.
The :mod:`unicodedata` module now uses data from `Unicode 8.0.0
<http://unicode.org/versions/Unicode8.0.0/>`_.
unittest
--------
* New command line option ``--locals`` to show local variables in
tracebacks.
(Contributed by Robert Collins in :issue:`22936`.)
New command line option :option:`--locals` to show local variables in
tracebacks. (Contributed by Robert Collins in :issue:`22936`.)
wsgiref
-------
* *headers* parameter of :class:`wsgiref.headers.Headers` is now optional.
(Contributed by Pablo Torres Navarrete and SilentGhost in :issue:`5800`.)
*headers* parameter of :class:`wsgiref.headers.Headers` is now optional.
(Contributed by Pablo Torres Navarrete and SilentGhost in :issue:`5800`.)
xmlrpc
------
* :class:`xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy` is now a :term:`context manager`.
(Contributed by Claudiu Popa in :issue:`20627`.)
:class:`xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy` is now a :term:`context manager`.
(Contributed by Claudiu Popa in :issue:`20627`.)
:class:`~xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy` constructor now accepts an optional
:class:`ssl.SSLContext` instance.
(Contributed by Alex Gaynor in :issue:`22960`.)
* :class:`~xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy` constructor now accepts an optional
:class:`ssl.SSLContext` instance.
(Contributed by Alex Gaynor in :issue:`22960`.)
xml.sax
-------
* SAX parsers now support a character stream of
:class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.InputSource` object.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`2175`.)
SAX parsers now support a character stream of
:class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.InputSource` object.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`2175`.)
zipfile
-------
* Added support for writing ZIP files to unseekable streams.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`23252`.)
ZIP output can now be written to unseekable streams.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`23252`.)
* The :func:`zipfile.ZipFile.open` function now supports ``'x'`` (exclusive
creation) mode. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`21717`.)
The *mode* argument of :func:`zipfile.ZipFile.open` function now
accepts ``'x'`` to request exclusive creation.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`21717`.)
Other module-level changes
==========================
* Many functions in modules :mod:`mmap`, :mod:`ossaudiodev`, :mod:`socket`,
:mod:`ssl`, and :mod:`codecs`, now accept writable bytes-like objects.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`23001`.)
Many functions in :mod:`mmap`, :mod:`ossaudiodev`, :mod:`socket`,
:mod:`ssl`, and :mod:`codecs` modules now accept writable bytes-like objects.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`23001`.)
Optimizations
......@@ -1374,6 +1525,7 @@ Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include:
* Windows builds now require Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0, which
is available as part of `Visual Studio 2015 <http://www.visualstudio.com>`_.
Deprecated
==========
......
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