Merge pull request #1156 from gevent/cython-waiter

Compile the important hub operations that use Waiters with Cython

.gitignore

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ src/gevent/event.c
 src/gevent/_hub_local.c
 src/gevent/_waiter.c
 src/gevent/queue.c
+src/gevent/_hub_primitives.c
+src/gevent/_greenlet_primitives.c
 src/gevent/libev/corecext.c
 src/gevent/libev/corecext.h
 src/gevent/libev/_corecffi.c

CHANGES.rst

@@ -51,7 +51,8 @@ Enhancements
 
 - The classes `gevent.event.Event` and `gevent.event.AsyncResult`
   are compiled with Cython for improved performance, as is the
-  ``gevent.queue`` module and ``gevent.hub.Waiter``. Please report any
+  ``gevent.queue`` module and ``gevent.hub.Waiter`` and certain
+  time-sensitive parts of the hub itself. Please report any
   compatibility issues.
 
 Monitoring and Debugging

benchmarks/bench_hub.py

+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+Benchmarks for hub primitive operations.
+
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+
+import perf
+from perf import perf_counter
+
+import gevent
+from greenlet import greenlet
+from greenlet import getcurrent
+
+
+N = 1000
+
+def bench_switch():
+
+    class Parent(type(gevent.get_hub())):
+        def run(self):
+            parent = self.parent
+            for _ in range(N):
+                parent.switch()
+
+    def child():
+        parent = getcurrent().parent
+        # Back to the hub, which in turn goes
+        # back to the main greenlet
+        for _ in range(N):
+            parent.switch()
+
+    hub = Parent(None, None)
+    child_greenlet = greenlet(child, hub)
+    for _ in range(N):
+        child_greenlet.switch()
+
+def bench_wait_ready():
+
+    class Watcher(object):
+        def start(self, cb, obj):
+            # Immediately switch back to the waiter, mark as ready
+            cb(obj)
+
+        def stop(self):
+            pass
+
+    watcher = Watcher()
+    hub = gevent.get_hub()
+
+    for _ in range(1000):
+        hub.wait(watcher)
+
+def bench_cancel_wait():
+
+    class Watcher(object):
+        active = True
+        callback = object()
+
+        def close(self):
+            pass
+
+    watcher = Watcher()
+    hub = gevent.get_hub()
+    loop = hub.loop
+
+    for _ in range(1000):
+        # Schedule all the callbacks.
+        hub.cancel_wait(watcher, None, True)
+
+    # Run them!
+    for cb in loop._callbacks:
+        if cb.callback:
+            cb.callback(*cb.args)
+            cb.stop() # so the real loop won't do it
+
+    # destroy the loop so we don't keep building these functions
+    # up
+    hub.destroy(True)
+
+def bench_wait_func_ready():
+    from gevent.hub import wait
+    class ToWatch(object):
+        def rawlink(self, cb):
+            cb(self)
+
+    watched_objects = [ToWatch() for _ in range(N)]
+
+    t0 = perf_counter()
+
+    wait(watched_objects)
+
+    return perf_counter() - t0
+
+def main():
+
+    runner = perf.Runner()
+
+    runner.bench_func('multiple wait ready',
+                      bench_wait_func_ready,
+                      inner_loops=N)
+
+    runner.bench_func('wait ready',
+                      bench_wait_ready,
+                      inner_loops=N)
+
+    runner.bench_func('cancel wait',
+                      bench_cancel_wait,
+                      inner_loops=N)
+
+    runner.bench_func('switch',
+                      bench_switch,
+                      inner_loops=N)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

doc/gevent.hub.rst

@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@
     :members:
     :undoc-members:
 
+    .. automethod:: wait
+    .. automethod:: cancel_wait
+
 .. autoclass:: Waiter
 
 .. autoclass:: LoopExit

setup.py

@@ -119,17 +119,32 @@ WAITER = Extension(name="gevent.__waiter",
                    depends=['src/gevent/__waiter.pxd'],
                    include_dirs=include_dirs)
 
+HUB_PRIMITIVES = Extension(name="gevent.__hub_primitives",
+                           sources=["src/gevent/_hub_primitives.py"],
+                           depends=['src/gevent/__hub_primitives.pxd'],
+                           include_dirs=include_dirs)
+
+GLT_PRIMITIVES = Extension(name="gevent.__greenlet_primitives",
+                           sources=["src/gevent/_greenlet_primitives.py"],
+                           depends=['src/gevent/__greenlet_primitives.pxd'],
+                           include_dirs=include_dirs)
+
+
 
 _to_cythonize = [
+    GLT_PRIMITIVES,
+    HUB_PRIMITIVES,
+    HUB_LOCAL,
+    WAITER,
+    GREENLET,
+
     SEMAPHORE,
     LOCAL,
-    GREENLET,
+
     IDENT,
     IMAP,
     EVENT,
     QUEUE,
-    HUB_LOCAL,
-    WAITER,
 ]
 
 EXT_MODULES = [
@@ -144,6 +159,8 @@ EXT_MODULES = [
     QUEUE,
     HUB_LOCAL,
     WAITER,
+    HUB_PRIMITIVES,
+    GLT_PRIMITIVES,
 ]
 
 LIBEV_CFFI_MODULE = 'src/gevent/libev/_corecffi_build.py:ffi'
@@ -221,6 +238,12 @@ if PYPY:
     EXT_MODULES.remove(WAITER)
     _to_cythonize.remove(WAITER)
 
+    EXT_MODULES.remove(GLT_PRIMITIVES)
+    _to_cythonize.remove(GLT_PRIMITIVES)
+    EXT_MODULES.remove(HUB_PRIMITIVES)
+    _to_cythonize.remove(HUB_PRIMITIVES)
+
+
 for mod in _to_cythonize:
     EXT_MODULES.remove(mod)
     EXT_MODULES.append(cythonize1(mod))

src/gevent/__greenlet_primitives.pxd

+cimport cython
+
+# This file must not cimport anything from gevent.
+
+cdef wref
+
+cdef BlockingSwitchOutError
+
+
+cdef extern from "greenlet/greenlet.h":
+
+    ctypedef class greenlet.greenlet [object PyGreenlet]:
+        pass
+
+    # These are actually macros and so much be included
+    # (defined) in each .pxd, as are the two functions
+    # that call them.
+    greenlet PyGreenlet_GetCurrent()
+    object PyGreenlet_Switch(greenlet self, void* args, void* kwargs)
+    void PyGreenlet_Import()
+
+@cython.final
+cdef inline greenlet getcurrent():
+    return PyGreenlet_GetCurrent()
+
+cdef bint _greenlet_imported
+
+cdef inline void greenlet_init():
+    global _greenlet_imported
+    if not _greenlet_imported:
+        PyGreenlet_Import()
+        _greenlet_imported = True
+
+cdef inline object _greenlet_switch(greenlet self):
+    return PyGreenlet_Switch(self, NULL, NULL)
+
+cdef class TrackedRawGreenlet(greenlet):
+    pass
+
+cdef class SwitchOutGreenletWithLoop(TrackedRawGreenlet):
+    cdef public loop
+
+    cpdef switch(self)
+    cpdef switch_out(self)

src/gevent/__hub_local.pxd

+from gevent.__greenlet_primitives cimport SwitchOutGreenletWithLoop
+
 cdef _threadlocal
 
 cpdef get_hub_class()
-cpdef get_hub_if_exists()
-cpdef set_hub(hub)
+cpdef SwitchOutGreenletWithLoop get_hub_if_exists()
+cpdef set_hub(SwitchOutGreenletWithLoop hub)
 cpdef get_loop()
 cpdef set_loop(loop)
 
+# We can't cdef this, it won't do varargs.
+# cpdef WaitOperationsGreenlet get_hub(*args, **kwargs)
 
 # XXX: TODO: Move the definition of TrackedRawGreenlet
 # into a file that can be cython compiled so get_hub can
 # return that.
-cpdef get_hub_noargs()
+cpdef SwitchOutGreenletWithLoop get_hub_noargs()

src/gevent/__hub_primitives.pxd

+cimport cython
+
+from gevent.__greenlet_primitives cimport SwitchOutGreenletWithLoop
+from gevent.__hub_local cimport get_hub_noargs as get_hub
+
+from gevent.__waiter cimport Waiter
+from gevent.__waiter cimport MultipleWaiter
+
+cdef InvalidSwitchError
+cdef _waiter
+cdef _greenlet_primitives
+cdef traceback
+cdef _timeout_error
+cdef Timeout
+
+
+cdef extern from "greenlet/greenlet.h":
+
+    ctypedef class greenlet.greenlet [object PyGreenlet]:
+        pass
+
+    # These are actually macros and so much be included
+    # (defined) in each .pxd, as are the two functions
+    # that call them.
+    greenlet PyGreenlet_GetCurrent()
+    void PyGreenlet_Import()
+
+@cython.final
+cdef inline greenlet getcurrent():
+    return PyGreenlet_GetCurrent()
+
+cdef bint _greenlet_imported
+
+cdef inline void greenlet_init():
+    global _greenlet_imported
+    if not _greenlet_imported:
+        PyGreenlet_Import()
+        _greenlet_imported = True
+
+
+cdef class WaitOperationsGreenlet(SwitchOutGreenletWithLoop):
+
+    cpdef wait(self, watcher)
+    cpdef cancel_wait(self, watcher, error, close_watcher=*)
+    cpdef _cancel_wait(self, watcher, error, close_watcher)
+
+cdef class _WaitIterator:
+    cdef SwitchOutGreenletWithLoop _hub
+    cdef MultipleWaiter _waiter
+    cdef _switch
+    cdef _timeout
+    cdef _objects
+    cdef _timer
+    cdef Py_ssize_t _count
+    cdef bint _begun
+
+
+
+    cdef _cleanup(self)
+
+cpdef iwait_on_objects(objects, timeout=*, count=*)
+cpdef wait_on_objects(objects=*, timeout=*, count=*)
+
+cdef _primitive_wait(watcher, timeout, timeout_exc, WaitOperationsGreenlet hub)
+cpdef wait_on_watcher(watcher, timeout=*, timeout_exc=*, WaitOperationsGreenlet hub=*)
+cpdef wait_read(fileno, timeout=*, timeout_exc=*)
+cpdef wait_write(fileno, timeout=*, timeout_exc=*, event=*)
+cpdef wait_readwrite(fileno, timeout=*, timeout_exc=*, event=*)
+cpdef wait_on_socket(socket, watcher, timeout_exc=*)

src/gevent/__ident.pxd

@@ -20,5 +20,7 @@ cdef class IdentRegistry:
     cdef object _registry
     cdef list _available_idents
 
+    @cython.final
     cpdef object get_ident(self, obj)
+    @cython.final
     cpdef _return_ident(self, ValuedWeakRef ref)

src/gevent/__semaphore.pxd

-# cython: auto_pickle=False
-
+cimport cython
 
 from gevent.__hub_local cimport get_hub_noargs as get_hub
 cdef Timeout

src/gevent/__waiter.pxd

 cimport cython
 
+from gevent.__greenlet_primitives cimport SwitchOutGreenletWithLoop
+from gevent.__hub_local cimport get_hub_noargs as get_hub
+
 cdef sys
 cdef ConcurrentObjectUseError
 
-from gevent.__hub_local cimport get_hub_noargs as get_hub
 
 cdef bint _greenlet_imported
 cdef _NONE
@@ -29,11 +31,17 @@ cdef inline void greenlet_init():
         _greenlet_imported = True
 
 cdef class Waiter:
-    cdef readonly hub
-    cdef readonly greenlet
+    cdef readonly SwitchOutGreenletWithLoop hub
+    cdef readonly greenlet greenlet
     cdef readonly value
     cdef _exception
 
+    cpdef get(self)
+    cpdef clear(self)
+
+    # cpdef of switch leads to parameter errors...
+    #cpdef switch(self, value)
+
 @cython.final
 @cython.internal
 cdef class MultipleWaiter(Waiter):

src/gevent/_event.pxd

 cimport cython
 
+from gevent.__greenlet_primitives cimport SwitchOutGreenletWithLoop
+from gevent.__hub_local cimport get_hub_noargs as get_hub
+
 cdef _None
 cdef reraise
 cdef dump_traceback
 cdef load_traceback
-cdef get_hub
+
 
 cdef InvalidSwitchError
 cdef Timeout
@@ -35,7 +38,7 @@ cdef void _init()
 cdef class _AbstractLinkable:
    cdef _notifier
    cdef set _links
-   cdef readonly hub
+   cdef readonly SwitchOutGreenletWithLoop hub
 
    cpdef rawlink(self, callback)
    cpdef bint ready(self)

src/gevent/_greenlet.pxd

@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ cdef bint _PYPY
 cdef sys_getframe
 cdef sys_exc_info
 cdef Timeout
+cdef GreenletExit
+cdef InvalidSwitchError
 
 cdef extern from "greenlet/greenlet.h":
 
@@ -141,14 +143,12 @@ cdef _threadlocal
 cdef get_hub_class
 cdef wref
 
-cdef Timeout
 cdef dump_traceback
 cdef load_traceback
 cdef Waiter
 cdef wait
 cdef iwait
 cdef reraise
-cdef InvalidSwitchError
 cpdef GEVENT_CONFIG
 
 

src/gevent/_greenlet_primitives.py

+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# copyright (c) 2018 gevent. See  LICENSE.
+# cython: auto_pickle=False,embedsignature=True,always_allow_keywords=False
+"""
+A collection of primitives used by the hub, and suitable for
+compilation with Cython because of their frequency of use.
+
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+
+from weakref import ref as wref
+
+from greenlet import greenlet
+
+from gevent.exceptions import BlockingSwitchOutError
+
+
+# In Cython, we define these as 'cdef inline' functions. The
+# compilation unit cannot have a direct assignment to them (import
+# is assignment) without generating a 'lvalue is not valid target'
+# error.
+locals()['getcurrent'] = __import__('greenlet').getcurrent
+locals()['greenlet_init'] = lambda: None
+locals()['_greenlet_switch'] = greenlet.switch
+
+__all__ = [
+    'TrackedRawGreenlet',
+    'SwitchOutGreenletWithLoop',
+]
+
+class TrackedRawGreenlet(greenlet):
+
+    def __init__(self, function, parent):
+        greenlet.__init__(self, function, parent)
+        # See greenlet.py's Greenlet class. We capture the cheap
+        # parts to maintain the tree structure, but we do not capture
+        # the stack because that's too expensive for 'spawn_raw'.
+
+        current = getcurrent() # pylint:disable=undefined-variable
+        self.spawning_greenlet = wref(current)
+        # See Greenlet for how trees are maintained.
+        try:
+            self.spawn_tree_locals = current.spawn_tree_locals
+        except AttributeError:
+            self.spawn_tree_locals = {}
+            if current.parent:
+                current.spawn_tree_locals = self.spawn_tree_locals
+
+
+class SwitchOutGreenletWithLoop(TrackedRawGreenlet):
+    # Subclasses must define:
+    # - self.loop
+
+    # This class defines loop in its .pxd for Cython. This lets us avoid
+    # circular dependencies with the hub.
+
+    def switch(self):
+        switch_out = getattr(getcurrent(), 'switch_out', None) # pylint:disable=undefined-variable
+        if switch_out is not None:
+            switch_out()
+        return _greenlet_switch(self) # pylint:disable=undefined-variable
+
+    def switch_out(self):
+        raise BlockingSwitchOutError('Impossible to call blocking function in the event loop callback')
+
+def _init():
+    greenlet_init() # pylint:disable=undefined-variable
+
+_init()
+
+from gevent._util import import_c_accel
+import_c_accel(globals(), 'gevent.__greenlet_primitives')

src/gevent/_hub_primitives.py

+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# copyright (c) 2018 gevent. See  LICENSE.
+# cython: auto_pickle=False,embedsignature=True,always_allow_keywords=False,binding=True
+"""
+A collection of primitives used by the hub, and suitable for
+compilation with Cython because of their frequency of use.
+
+
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+
+import traceback
+
+from gevent.exceptions import InvalidSwitchError
+from gevent.exceptions import ConcurrentObjectUseError
+
+from gevent import _greenlet_primitives
+from gevent import _waiter
+from gevent._util import _NONE
+from gevent._hub_local import get_hub_noargs as get_hub
+from gevent.timeout import Timeout
+
+# In Cython, we define these as 'cdef inline' functions. The
+# compilation unit cannot have a direct assignment to them (import
+# is assignment) without generating a 'lvalue is not valid target'
+# error.
+locals()['getcurrent'] = __import__('greenlet').getcurrent
+locals()['greenlet_init'] = lambda: None
+locals()['Waiter'] = _waiter.Waiter
+locals()['MultipleWaiter'] = _waiter.MultipleWaiter
+locals()['SwitchOutGreenletWithLoop'] = _greenlet_primitives.SwitchOutGreenletWithLoop
+
+__all__ = [
+    'WaitOperationsGreenlet',
+    'iwait_on_objects',
+    'wait_on_objects',
+    'wait_read',
+    'wait_write',
+    'wait_readwrite',
+]
+
+class WaitOperationsGreenlet(SwitchOutGreenletWithLoop): # pylint:disable=undefined-variable
+
+    def wait(self, watcher):
+        """
+        Wait until the *watcher* (which must not be started) is ready.
+
+        The current greenlet will be unscheduled during this time.
+        """
+        waiter = Waiter(self) # pylint:disable=undefined-variable
+        watcher.start(waiter.switch, waiter)
+        try:
+            result = waiter.get()
+            if result is not waiter:
+                raise InvalidSwitchError('Invalid switch into %s: %r (expected %r)' % (
+                    getcurrent(), # pylint:disable=undefined-variable
+                    result, waiter))
+        finally:
+            watcher.stop()
+
+    def cancel_wait(self, watcher, error, close_watcher=False):
+        """
+        Cancel an in-progress call to :meth:`wait` by throwing the given *error*
+        in the waiting greenlet.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.3a1
+           Added the *close_watcher* parameter. If true, the watcher
+           will be closed after the exception is thrown. The watcher should then
+           be discarded. Closing the watcher is important to release native resources.
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.3a2
+           Allow the *watcher* to be ``None``. No action is taken in that case.
+        """
+        if watcher is None:
+            # Presumably already closed.
+            # See https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1089
+            return
+        if watcher.callback is not None:
+            self.loop.run_callback(self._cancel_wait, watcher, error, close_watcher)
+        elif close_watcher:
+            watcher.close()
+
+    def _cancel_wait(self, watcher, error, close_watcher):
+        # We have to check again to see if it was still active by the time
+        # our callback actually runs.
+        active = watcher.active
+        cb = watcher.callback
+        if close_watcher:
+            watcher.close()
+        if active:
+            # The callback should be greenlet.switch(). It may or may not be None.
+            glet = getattr(cb, '__self__', None)
+            if glet is not None:
+                glet.throw(error)
+
+
+class _WaitIterator(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, objects, hub, timeout, count):
+        self._hub = hub
+        self._waiter = MultipleWaiter(hub) # pylint:disable=undefined-variable
+        self._switch = self._waiter.switch
+        self._timeout = timeout
+        self._objects = objects
+
+        self._timer = None
+        self._begun = False
+
+
+        # Even if we're only going to return 1 object,
+        # we must still rawlink() *all* of them, so that no
+        # matter which one finishes first we find it.
+        self._count = len(objects) if count is None else min(count, len(objects))
+
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        # When we begin iterating, we begin the timer.
+        # XXX: If iteration doesn't actually happen, we
+        # could leave these links around!
+        if not self._begun:
+            self._begun = True
+
+            for obj in self._objects:
+                obj.rawlink(self._switch)
+
+            if self._timeout is not None:
+                self._timer = self._hub.loop.timer(self._timeout, priority=-1)
+                self._timer.start(self._switch, self)
+        return self
+
+    def __next__(self):
+        if self._count == 0:
+            # Exhausted
+            self._cleanup()
+            raise StopIteration()
+
+        self._count -= 1
+        try:
+            item = self._waiter.get()
+            self._waiter.clear()
+            if item is self:
+                # Timer expired, no more
+                self._cleanup()
+                raise StopIteration()
+            return item
+        except:
+            self._cleanup()
+            raise
+
+    next = __next__
+
+    def _cleanup(self):
+        if self._timer is not None:
+            self._timer.close()
+            self._timer = None
+
+        objs = self._objects
+        self._objects = ()
+        for aobj in objs:
+            unlink = getattr(aobj, 'unlink', None)
+            if unlink is not None:
+                try:
+                    unlink(self._switch)
+                except: # pylint:disable=bare-except
+                    traceback.print_exc()
+
+
+def iwait_on_objects(objects, timeout=None, count=None):
+    """
+    Iteratively yield *objects* as they are ready, until all (or *count*) are ready
+    or *timeout* expired.
+
+    :param objects: A sequence (supporting :func:`len`) containing objects
+        implementing the wait protocol (rawlink() and unlink()).
+    :keyword int count: If not `None`, then a number specifying the maximum number
+        of objects to wait for. If ``None`` (the default), all objects
+        are waited for.
+    :keyword float timeout: If given, specifies a maximum number of seconds
+        to wait. If the timeout expires before the desired waited-for objects
+        are available, then this method returns immediately.
+
+    .. seealso:: :func:`wait`
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.1a1
+       Add the *count* parameter.
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.1a2
+       No longer raise :exc:`LoopExit` if our caller switches greenlets
+       in between items yielded by this function.
+    """
+    # QQQ would be nice to support iterable here that can be generated slowly (why?)
+    hub = get_hub()
+    if objects is None:
+        return [hub.join(timeout=timeout)]
+    return _WaitIterator(objects, hub, timeout, count)
+
+
+def wait_on_objects(objects=None, timeout=None, count=None):
+    """
+    Wait for ``objects`` to become ready or for event loop to finish.
+
+    If ``objects`` is provided, it must be a list containing objects
+    implementing the wait protocol (rawlink() and unlink() methods):
+
+    - :class:`gevent.Greenlet` instance
+    - :class:`gevent.event.Event` instance
+    - :class:`gevent.lock.Semaphore` instance
+    - :class:`gevent.subprocess.Popen` instance
+
+    If ``objects`` is ``None`` (the default), ``wait()`` blocks until
+    the current event loop has nothing to do (or until ``timeout`` passes):
+
+    - all greenlets have finished
+    - all servers were stopped
+    - all event loop watchers were stopped.
+
+    If ``count`` is ``None`` (the default), wait for all ``objects``
+    to become ready.
+
+    If ``count`` is a number, wait for (up to) ``count`` objects to become
+    ready. (For example, if count is ``1`` then the function exits
+    when any object in the list is ready).
+
+    If ``timeout`` is provided, it specifies the maximum number of
+    seconds ``wait()`` will block.
+
+    Returns the list of ready objects, in the order in which they were
+    ready.
+
+    .. seealso:: :func:`iwait`
+    """
+    if objects is None:
+        hub = get_hub()
+        return hub.join(timeout=timeout) # pylint:disable=
+    return list(iwait_on_objects(objects, timeout, count))
+
+_timeout_error = Exception
+
+def set_default_timeout_error(e):
+    global _timeout_error
+    _timeout_error = e
+
+def _primitive_wait(watcher, timeout, timeout_exc, hub):
+    if watcher.callback is not None:
+        raise ConcurrentObjectUseError('This socket is already used by another greenlet: %r'
+                                       % (watcher.callback, ))
+
+    if hub is None:
+        hub = get_hub()
+
+    if timeout is None:
+        hub.wait(watcher)
+        return
+
+    timeout = Timeout._start_new_or_dummy(
+        timeout,
+        (timeout_exc
+         if timeout_exc is not _NONE or timeout is None
+         else _timeout_error('timed out')))
+
+    with timeout:
+        hub.wait(watcher)
+
+# Suitable to be bound as an instance method
+def wait_on_socket(socket, watcher, timeout_exc=None):
+    _primitive_wait(watcher, socket.timeout,
+                    timeout_exc if timeout_exc is not None else _NONE,
+                    socket.hub)
+
+def wait_on_watcher(watcher, timeout=None, timeout_exc=_NONE, hub=None):
+    """
+    wait(watcher, timeout=None, [timeout_exc=None]) -> None
+
+    Block the current greenlet until *watcher* is ready.
+
+    If *timeout* is non-negative, then *timeout_exc* is raised after
+    *timeout* second has passed.
+
+    If :func:`cancel_wait` is called on *io* by another greenlet,
+    raise an exception in this blocking greenlet
+    (``socket.error(EBADF, 'File descriptor was closed in another
+    greenlet')`` by default).
+
+    :param io: A libev watcher, most commonly an IO watcher obtained from
+        :meth:`gevent.core.loop.io`
+    :keyword timeout_exc: The exception to raise if the timeout expires.
+        By default, a :class:`socket.timeout` exception is raised.
+        If you pass a value for this keyword, it is interpreted as for
+        :class:`gevent.timeout.Timeout`.
+    """
+    _primitive_wait(watcher, timeout, timeout_exc, hub)
+
+
+def wait_read(fileno, timeout=None, timeout_exc=_NONE):
+    """
+    wait_read(fileno, timeout=None, [timeout_exc=None]) -> None
+
+    Block the current greenlet until *fileno* is ready to read.
+
+    For the meaning of the other parameters and possible exceptions,
+    see :func:`wait`.
+
+    .. seealso:: :func:`cancel_wait`
+    """
+    hub = get_hub()
+    io = hub.loop.io(fileno, 1)
+    try:
+        return wait_on_watcher(io, timeout, timeout_exc, hub)
+    finally:
+        io.close()
+
+
+def wait_write(fileno, timeout=None, timeout_exc=_NONE, event=_NONE):
+    """
+    wait_write(fileno, timeout=None, [timeout_exc=None]) -> None
+
+    Block the current greenlet until *fileno* is ready to write.
+
+    For the meaning of the other parameters and possible exceptions,
+    see :func:`wait`.
+
+    .. deprecated:: 1.1
+       The keyword argument *event* is ignored. Applications should not pass this parameter.
+       In the future, doing so will become an error.
+
+    .. seealso:: :func:`cancel_wait`
+    """
+    # pylint:disable=unused-argument
+    hub = get_hub()
+    io = hub.loop.io(fileno, 2)
+    try:
+        return wait_on_watcher(io, timeout, timeout_exc, hub)
+    finally:
+        io.close()
+
+
+def wait_readwrite(fileno, timeout=None, timeout_exc=_NONE, event=_NONE):
+    """
+    wait_readwrite(fileno, timeout=None, [timeout_exc=None]) -> None
+
+    Block the current greenlet until *fileno* is ready to read or
+    write.
+
+    For the meaning of the other parameters and possible exceptions,
+    see :func:`wait`.
+
+    .. deprecated:: 1.1
+       The keyword argument *event* is ignored. Applications should not pass this parameter.
+       In the future, doing so will become an error.
+
+    .. seealso:: :func:`cancel_wait`
+    """
+    # pylint:disable=unused-argument
+    hub = get_hub()
+    io = hub.loop.io(fileno, 3)
+    try:
+        return wait_on_watcher(io, timeout, timeout_exc, hub)
+    finally:
+        io.close()
+
+
+def _init():
+    greenlet_init() # pylint:disable=undefined-variable
+
+_init()
+
+from gevent._util import import_c_accel
+import_c_accel(globals(), 'gevent.__hub_primitives')

src/gevent/_ident.py

@@ -70,7 +70,11 @@ class IdentRegistry(object):
     def _return_ident(self, vref):
         # By the time this is called, self._registry has been
         # updated
-        heappush(self._available_idents, vref.value)
+        if heappush is not None:
+            # Under some circumstances we can get called
+            # when the interpreter is shutting down, and globals
+            # aren't available any more.
+            heappush(self._available_idents, vref.value)
 
     def __len__(self):
         return len(self._registry)

src/gevent/_socket2.py

@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ class _closedsocket(object):
 
 timeout_default = object()
 
+from gevent._hub_primitives import wait_on_socket as _wait_on_socket
 
 class socket(object):
     """
@@ -180,22 +181,7 @@ class socket(object):
 
     ref = property(_get_ref, _set_ref)
 
-    def _wait(self, watcher, timeout_exc=timeout('timed out')):
-        """Block the current greenlet until *watcher* has pending events.
-
-        If *timeout* is non-negative, then *timeout_exc* is raised after *timeout* second has passed.
-        By default *timeout_exc* is ``socket.timeout('timed out')``.
-
-        If :func:`cancel_wait` is called, raise ``socket.error(EBADF, 'File descriptor was closed in another greenlet')``.
-        """
-        if watcher.callback is not None:
-            raise _socketcommon.ConcurrentObjectUseError('This socket is already used by another greenlet: %r' % (watcher.callback, ))
-
-        timeout = Timeout._start_new_or_dummy(self.timeout, timeout_exc, ref=False)
-        try:
-            self.hub.wait(watcher)
-        finally:
-            timeout.close()
+    _wait = _wait_on_socket
 
     def accept(self):
         sock = self._sock

src/gevent/_socket3.py

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ class _wrefsocket(_socket.socket):
         timeout = property(lambda s: s.gettimeout(),
                            lambda s, nv: s.settimeout(nv))
 
+from gevent._hub_primitives import wait_on_socket as _wait_on_socket
 
 class socket(object):
     """
@@ -181,22 +182,7 @@ class socket(object):
 
     ref = property(_get_ref, _set_ref)
 
-    def _wait(self, watcher, timeout_exc=timeout('timed out')):
-        """Block the current greenlet until *watcher* has pending events.
-
-        If *timeout* is non-negative, then *timeout_exc* is raised after *timeout* second has passed.
-        By default *timeout_exc* is ``socket.timeout('timed out')``.
-
-        If :func:`cancel_wait` is called, raise ``socket.error(EBADF, 'File descriptor was closed in another greenlet')``.
-        """
-        if watcher.callback is not None:
-            raise _socketcommon.ConcurrentObjectUseError('This socket is already used by another greenlet: %r' % (watcher.callback, ))
-
-        timer = Timeout._start_new_or_dummy(self.timeout, timeout_exc, ref=False)
-        try:
-            self.hub.wait(watcher)
-        finally:
-            timer.close()
+    _wait = _wait_on_socket
 
     def dup(self):
         """dup() -> socket object

src/gevent/_socketcommon.py

@@ -134,96 +134,13 @@ del _name, _value
 
 _timeout_error = timeout # pylint: disable=undefined-variable
 
+from gevent import _hub_primitives
+_hub_primitives.set_default_timeout_error(_timeout_error)
 
-def wait(io, timeout=None, timeout_exc=_NONE):
-    """
-    Block the current greenlet until *io* is ready.
-
-    If *timeout* is non-negative, then *timeout_exc* is raised after
-    *timeout* second has passed. By default *timeout_exc* is
-    ``socket.timeout('timed out')``.
-
-    If :func:`cancel_wait` is called on *io* by another greenlet,
-    raise an exception in this blocking greenlet
-    (``socket.error(EBADF, 'File descriptor was closed in another
-    greenlet')`` by default).
-
-    :param io: A libev watcher, most commonly an IO watcher obtained from
-        :meth:`gevent.core.loop.io`
-    :keyword timeout_exc: The exception to raise if the timeout expires.
-        By default, a :class:`socket.timeout` exception is raised.
-        If you pass a value for this keyword, it is interpreted as for
-        :class:`gevent.timeout.Timeout`.
-    """
-    if io.callback is not None:
-        raise ConcurrentObjectUseError('This socket is already used by another greenlet: %r' % (io.callback, ))
-    timeout = Timeout._start_new_or_dummy(
-        timeout,
-        (timeout_exc
-         if timeout_exc is not _NONE or timeout is None
-         else _timeout_error('timed out')))
-
-
-    with timeout:
-        return get_hub().wait(io)
-    # rename "io" to "watcher" because wait() works with any watcher
-
-
-def wait_read(fileno, timeout=None, timeout_exc=_NONE):
-    """
-    Block the current greenlet until *fileno* is ready to read.
-
-    For the meaning of the other parameters and possible exceptions,
-    see :func:`wait`.
-
-    .. seealso:: :func:`cancel_wait`
-     """
-    io = get_hub().loop.io(fileno, 1)
-    try:
-        return wait(io, timeout, timeout_exc)
-    finally:
-        io.close()
-
-
-def wait_write(fileno, timeout=None, timeout_exc=_NONE, event=_NONE):
-    """
-    Block the current greenlet until *fileno* is ready to write.
-
-    For the meaning of the other parameters and possible exceptions,
-    see :func:`wait`.
-
-    :keyword event: Ignored. Applications should not pass this parameter.
-       In the future, it may become an error.
-
-    .. seealso:: :func:`cancel_wait`
-    """
-    # pylint:disable=unused-argument
-    io = get_hub().loop.io(fileno, 2)
-    try:
-        return wait(io, timeout, timeout_exc)
-    finally:
-        io.close()
-
-
-def wait_readwrite(fileno, timeout=None, timeout_exc=_NONE, event=_NONE):
-    """
-    Block the current greenlet until *fileno* is ready to read or
-    write.
-
-    For the meaning of the other parameters and possible exceptions,
-    see :func:`wait`.
-
-    :keyword event: Ignored. Applications should not pass this parameter.
-       In the future, it may become an error.
-
-    .. seealso:: :func:`cancel_wait`
-    """
-    # pylint:disable=unused-argument
-    io = get_hub().loop.io(fileno, 3)
-    try:
-        return wait(io, timeout, timeout_exc)
-    finally:
-        io.close()
+wait = _hub_primitives.wait_on_watcher
+wait_read = _hub_primitives.wait_read
+wait_write = _hub_primitives.wait_write
+wait_readwrite = _hub_primitives.wait_readwrite
 
 #: The exception raised by default on a call to :func:`cancel_wait`
 class cancel_wait_ex(error): # pylint: disable=undefined-variable
@@ -238,8 +155,6 @@ def cancel_wait(watcher, error=cancel_wait_ex):
     get_hub().cancel_wait(watcher, error)
 
 
-
-
 def gethostbyname(hostname):
     """
     gethostbyname(host) -> address

src/gevent/_waiter.py

@@ -99,8 +99,14 @@ class Waiter(object):
         if self._exception is not _NONE:
             return self._exception
 
-    def switch(self, value=None):
-        """Switch to the greenlet if one's available. Otherwise store the value."""
+    def switch(self, value):
+        """
+        Switch to the greenlet if one's available. Otherwise store the
+        *value*.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.3b1
+           The *value* is no longer optional.
+        """
         greenlet = self.greenlet
         if greenlet is None:
             self.value = value
@@ -178,7 +184,7 @@ class MultipleWaiter(Waiter):
         # here can be impractical (see https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/652)
         self._values = list()
 
-    def switch(self, value): # pylint:disable=signature-differs
+    def switch(self, value):
         self._values.append(value)
         Waiter.switch(self, True)
 

src/gevent/event.py

@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ from gevent._util import _NONE
 from gevent._compat import reraise
 from gevent._tblib import dump_traceback, load_traceback
 
-from gevent.hub import _get_hub_noargs as get_hub
+from gevent._hub_local import get_hub_noargs as get_hub
 
-from gevent.hub import InvalidSwitchError
+from gevent.exceptions import InvalidSwitchError
 from gevent.timeout import Timeout
 
 
@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@ __all__ = [
 locals()['getcurrent'] = __import__('greenlet').getcurrent
 locals()['greenlet_init'] = lambda: None
 
-import cython
-
 
 class _AbstractLinkable(object):
     # Encapsulates the standard parts of the linking and notifying protocol

src/gevent/greenlet.py

@@ -7,16 +7,18 @@ from sys import _getframe as sys_getframe
 from sys import exc_info as sys_exc_info
 from weakref import ref as wref
 
-
+# XXX: How to get cython to let us rename this as RawGreenlet
+# like we prefer?
 from greenlet import greenlet
+from greenlet import GreenletExit
 
 from gevent._compat import reraise
 from gevent._compat import PYPY as _PYPY
 from gevent._tblib import dump_traceback
 from gevent._tblib import load_traceback
 
-from gevent.hub import GreenletExit
-from gevent.hub import InvalidSwitchError
+from gevent.exceptions import InvalidSwitchError
+
 from gevent.hub import iwait
 from gevent.hub import wait
 
@@ -875,7 +877,7 @@ def _kill(glet, exception, waiter):
         # XXX do we need this here?
         glet.parent.handle_error(glet, *sys_exc_info())
     if waiter is not None:
-        waiter.switch()
+        waiter.switch(None)
 
 
 def joinall(greenlets, timeout=None, raise_error=False, count=None):

src/gevent/hub.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from functools import partial as _functools_partial
 
 import sys
 import traceback
-from weakref import ref as wref
+
 
 from greenlet import greenlet as RawGreenlet
 from greenlet import getcurrent
@@ -31,9 +31,7 @@ __all__ = [
 ]
 
 from gevent._config import config as GEVENT_CONFIG
-from gevent._compat import xrange
 from gevent._compat import thread_mod_name
-from gevent._util import _NONE
 from gevent._util import readproperty
 from gevent._util import Lazy
 from gevent._util import gmctime
@@ -47,38 +45,24 @@ from gevent._hub_local import get_hub_if_exists as _get_hub
 from gevent._hub_local import get_hub_noargs as _get_hub_noargs
 from gevent._hub_local import set_default_hub_class
 
+from gevent._greenlet_primitives import TrackedRawGreenlet
+from gevent._hub_primitives import WaitOperationsGreenlet
+
+# Export
+from gevent import _hub_primitives
+wait = _hub_primitives.wait_on_objects
+iwait = _hub_primitives.iwait_on_objects
+
 from gevent.monkey import get_original
 
 from gevent.exceptions import LoopExit
-from gevent.exceptions import BlockingSwitchOutError
-from gevent.exceptions import InvalidSwitchError
 
 from gevent._waiter import Waiter
-from gevent._waiter import MultipleWaiter as _MultipleWaiter
 
 get_thread_ident = get_original(thread_mod_name, 'get_ident')
 MAIN_THREAD_IDENT = get_thread_ident() # XXX: Assuming import is done on the main thread.
 
 
-class TrackedRawGreenlet(RawGreenlet):
-
-    def __init__(self, function, parent):
-        RawGreenlet.__init__(self, function, parent)
-        # See greenlet.py's Greenlet class. We capture the cheap
-        # parts to maintain the tree structure, but we do not capture
-        # the stack because that's too expensive for 'spawn_raw'.
-
-        current = getcurrent()
-        self.spawning_greenlet = wref(current)
-        # See Greenlet for how trees are maintained.
-        try:
-            self.spawn_tree_locals = current.spawn_tree_locals
-        except AttributeError:
-            self.spawn_tree_locals = {}
-            if current.parent:
-                current.spawn_tree_locals = self.spawn_tree_locals
-
-
 def spawn_raw(function, *args, **kwargs):
     """
     Create a new :class:`greenlet.greenlet` object and schedule it to
@@ -163,7 +147,7 @@ def sleep(seconds=0, ref=True):
     loop = hub.loop
     if seconds <= 0:
         waiter = Waiter(hub)
-        loop.run_callback(waiter.switch)
+        loop.run_callback(waiter.switch, None)
         waiter.get()
     else:
         with loop.timer(seconds, ref=ref) as t:
@@ -348,18 +332,9 @@ def reinit():
         #sleep(0.00001)
 
 
-
-
-class _dummy_greenlet(object):
-    def throw(self):
-        pass
-
-_dummy_greenlet = _dummy_greenlet()
-
-
 hub_ident_registry = IdentRegistry()
 
-class Hub(TrackedRawGreenlet):
+class Hub(WaitOperationsGreenlet):
     """
     A greenlet that runs the event loop.
 
@@ -400,7 +375,7 @@ class Hub(TrackedRawGreenlet):
     name = ''
 
     def __init__(self, loop=None, default=None):
-        TrackedRawGreenlet.__init__(self, None, None)
+        WaitOperationsGreenlet.__init__(self, None, None)
         self.thread_ident = get_thread_ident()
         if hasattr(loop, 'run'):
             if default is not None:
@@ -551,77 +526,13 @@ class Hub(TrackedRawGreenlet):
                     context = repr(context)
             errstream.write('%s failed with %s\n\n' % (context, getattr(type, '__name__', 'exception'), ))
 
-    def switch(self):
-        switch_out = getattr(getcurrent(), 'switch_out', None)
-        if switch_out is not None:
-            switch_out()
-        return RawGreenlet.switch(self)
-
-    def switch_out(self):
-        raise BlockingSwitchOutError('Impossible to call blocking function in the event loop callback')
-
-    def wait(self, watcher):
-        """
-        Wait until the *watcher* (which must not be started) is ready.
-
-        The current greenlet will be unscheduled during this time.
-
-        .. seealso:: :class:`gevent.core.io`, :class:`gevent.core.timer`,
-            :class:`gevent.core.signal`, :class:`gevent.core.idle`, :class:`gevent.core.prepare`,
-            :class:`gevent.core.check`, :class:`gevent.core.fork`, :class:`gevent.core.async`,
-            :class:`gevent.core.child`, :class:`gevent.core.stat`
-
-        """
-        waiter = Waiter(self)
-        unique = object()
-        watcher.start(waiter.switch, unique)
-        try:
-            result = waiter.get()
-            if result is not unique:
-                raise InvalidSwitchError('Invalid switch into %s: %r (expected %r)' % (getcurrent(), result, unique))
-        finally:
-            watcher.stop()
-
-    def cancel_wait(self, watcher, error, close_watcher=False):
-        """
-        Cancel an in-progress call to :meth:`wait` by throwing the given *error*
-        in the waiting greenlet.
-
-        .. versionchanged:: 1.3a1
-           Added the *close_watcher* parameter. If true, the watcher
-           will be closed after the exception is thrown. The watcher should then
-           be discarded. Closing the watcher is important to release native resources.
-        .. versionchanged:: 1.3a2
-           Allow the *watcher* to be ``None``. No action is taken in that case.
-        """
-        if watcher is None:
-            # Presumably already closed.
-            # See https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1089
-            return
-        if watcher.callback is not None:
-            print('Scheduling close for', watcher, close_watcher)
-            self.loop.run_callback(self._cancel_wait, watcher, error, close_watcher)
-        elif close_watcher:
-            watcher.close()
-
-    def _cancel_wait(self, watcher, error, close_watcher, _dummy_greenlet=_dummy_greenlet):
-        # We have to check again to see if it was still active by the time
-        # our callback actually runs.
-        active = watcher.active
-        cb = watcher.callback
-        if close_watcher:
-            watcher.close()
-        if active:
-            # The callback should be greenlet.switch(). It may or may not be None.
-            greenlet = getattr(cb, '__self__', _dummy_greenlet)
-            greenlet.throw(error)
 
     def run(self):
         """
         Entry-point to running the loop. This method is called automatically
         when the hub greenlet is scheduled; do not call it directly.
 
-        :raises LoopExit: If the loop finishes running. This means
+        :raises gevent.exceptions.LoopExit: If the loop finishes running. This means
            that there are no other scheduled greenlets, and no active
            watchers or servers. In some situations, this indicates a
            programming error.
@@ -676,7 +587,7 @@ class Hub(TrackedRawGreenlet):
 
         if timeout is not None:
             timeout = self.loop.timer(timeout, ref=False)
-            timeout.start(waiter.switch)
+            timeout.start(waiter.switch, None)
 
         try:
             try:
@@ -759,102 +670,6 @@ class Hub(TrackedRawGreenlet):
 set_default_hub_class(Hub)
 
 
-def iwait(objects, timeout=None, count=None):
-    """
-    Iteratively yield *objects* as they are ready, until all (or *count*) are ready
-    or *timeout* expired.
-
-    :param objects: A sequence (supporting :func:`len`) containing objects
-        implementing the wait protocol (rawlink() and unlink()).
-    :keyword int count: If not `None`, then a number specifying the maximum number
-        of objects to wait for. If ``None`` (the default), all objects
-        are waited for.
-    :keyword float timeout: If given, specifies a maximum number of seconds
-        to wait. If the timeout expires before the desired waited-for objects
-        are available, then this method returns immediately.
-
-    .. seealso:: :func:`wait`
-
-    .. versionchanged:: 1.1a1
-       Add the *count* parameter.
-    .. versionchanged:: 1.1a2
-       No longer raise :exc:`LoopExit` if our caller switches greenlets
-       in between items yielded by this function.
-    """
-    # QQQ would be nice to support iterable here that can be generated slowly (why?)
-    hub = _get_hub_noargs()
-    if objects is None:
-        yield hub.join(timeout=timeout)
-        return
-
-    count = len(objects) if count is None else min(count, len(objects))
-    waiter = _MultipleWaiter(hub)
-    switch = waiter.switch
-
-    if timeout is not None:
-        timer = hub.loop.timer(timeout, priority=-1)
-        timer.start(switch, _NONE)
-
-    try:
-        for obj in objects:
-            obj.rawlink(switch)
-
-        for _ in xrange(count):
-            item = waiter.get()
-            waiter.clear()
-            if item is _NONE:
-                return
-            yield item
-    finally:
-        if timeout is not None:
-            timer.close()
-        for aobj in objects:
-            unlink = getattr(aobj, 'unlink', None)
-            if unlink:
-                try:
-                    unlink(switch)
-                except: # pylint:disable=bare-except
-                    traceback.print_exc()
-
-
-def wait(objects=None, timeout=None, count=None):
-    """
-    Wait for ``objects`` to become ready or for event loop to finish.
-
-    If ``objects`` is provided, it must be a list containing objects
-    implementing the wait protocol (rawlink() and unlink() methods):
-
-    - :class:`gevent.Greenlet` instance
-    - :class:`gevent.event.Event` instance
-    - :class:`gevent.lock.Semaphore` instance
-    - :class:`gevent.subprocess.Popen` instance
-
-    If ``objects`` is ``None`` (the default), ``wait()`` blocks until
-    the current event loop has nothing to do (or until ``timeout`` passes):
-
-    - all greenlets have finished
-    - all servers were stopped
-    - all event loop watchers were stopped.
-
-    If ``count`` is ``None`` (the default), wait for all ``objects``
-    to become ready.
-
-    If ``count`` is a number, wait for (up to) ``count`` objects to become
-    ready. (For example, if count is ``1`` then the function exits
-    when any object in the list is ready).
-
-    If ``timeout`` is provided, it specifies the maximum number of
-    seconds ``wait()`` will block.
-
-    Returns the list of ready objects, in the order in which they were
-    ready.
-
-    .. seealso:: :func:`iwait`
-    """
-    if objects is None:
-        return _get_hub_noargs().join(timeout=timeout)
-    return list(iwait(objects, timeout, count))
-
 
 class linkproxy(object):
     __slots__ = ['callback', 'obj']

src/gevent/resolver/ares.py

@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ class Values(object):
         else:
             self.error = source.exception
         if self.count <= 0:
-            self.waiter.switch()
+            self.waiter.switch(None)
 
     def get(self):
         self.waiter.get()

src/gevent/timeout.py

@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
 from gevent._compat import string_types
 from gevent._util import _NONE
 
-from gevent.hub import getcurrent
-from gevent.hub import _get_hub_noargs as get_hub
+from greenlet import getcurrent
+from gevent._hub_local import get_hub_noargs as get_hub
 
 __all__ = [
     'Timeout',

src/greentest/greentest/__init__.py

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ from greentest.skipping import skipOnLibuvOnCIOnPyPy
 from greentest.skipping import skipOnLibuvOnPyPyOnWin
 from greentest.skipping import skipOnPurePython
 from greentest.skipping import skipWithCExtensions
-
+from greentest.skipping import skipOnLibuvOnTravisOnCPython27
 
 from greentest.exception import ExpectedException
 

src/greentest/greentest/skipping.py

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ skipOnLibuvOnWin = _do_not_skip
 skipOnLibuvOnCI = _do_not_skip
 skipOnLibuvOnCIOnPyPy = _do_not_skip
 skipOnLibuvOnPyPyOnWin = _do_not_skip
+skipOnLibuvOnTravisOnCPython27 = _do_not_skip
 
 skipOnLibev = _do_not_skip
 
@@ -99,6 +100,10 @@ if sysinfo.LIBUV:
         skipOnLibuvOnCI = unittest.skip
         if sysinfo.PYPY:
             skipOnLibuvOnCIOnPyPy = unittest.skip
+    if sysinfo.RUNNING_ON_TRAVIS:
+        if sysinfo.CPYTHON:
+            if sysinfo.PY27_ONLY:
+                skipOnLibuvOnTravisOnCPython27 = unittest.skip
 
     if sysinfo.WIN:
         skipOnLibuvOnWin = unittest.skip

src/greentest/greentest/sysinfo.py

@@ -87,6 +87,8 @@ elif sys.version_info[0] == 2:
 
 PYPY3 = PYPY and PY3
 
+PY27_ONLY = sys.version_info[0] == 2 and sys.version_info[1] == 7
+
 PYGTE279 = (
     sys.version_info[0] == 2
     and sys.version_info[1] >= 7

src/greentest/test__backdoor.py

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ from gevent import backdoor
 
 def read_until(conn, postfix):
     read = b''
-    if not isinstance(postfix, bytes):
-        postfix = postfix.encode('utf-8')
+    assert isinstance(postfix, bytes)
+
     while not read.endswith(postfix):
         result = conn.recv(1)
         if not result:
@@ -53,7 +53,9 @@ class Test(greentest.TestCase):
         conn.close()
         self.close_on_teardown.remove(conn)
 
-    @greentest.skipOnAppVeyor("Times out")
+    @greentest.skipOnLibuvOnTravisOnCPython27(
+        "segfaults; "
+        "See https://github.com/gevent/gevent/pull/1156")
     def test_multi(self):
         self._make_server()
 
@@ -100,7 +102,7 @@ class Test(greentest.TestCase):
         conn = self._create_connection()
         read_until(conn, b'>>> ')
         conn.sendall(b'locals()["__builtins__"]\r\n')
-        response = read_until(conn, '>>> ')
+        response = read_until(conn, b'>>> ')
         self.assertTrue(len(response) < 300, msg="locals() unusable: %s..." % response)
 
         self._close(conn)
@@ -123,7 +125,7 @@ class Test(greentest.TestCase):
         conn = self._create_connection()
         read_until(conn, b'>>> ')
         conn.sendall(b'bad()\r\n')
-        response = read_until(conn, '>>> ')
+        response = read_until(conn, b'>>> ')
         response = response.replace('\r\n', '\n')
         self.assertEqual('switching out, then throwing in\nGot Empty\nswitching out\nswitched in\n>>> ', response)
 

src/greentest/test__greenlet.py

@@ -208,8 +208,8 @@ class TestReturn_link(LinksTestCase):
         self.assertFalse(p)
 
 
-        self.assertIsInstance(event.get(), greenlet.GreenletExit)
-        self.assertIsInstance(queue.get().get(), greenlet.GreenletExit)
+        self.assertIsInstance(event.get(), gevent.GreenletExit)
+        self.assertIsInstance(queue.get().get(), gevent.GreenletExit)
 
         sleep(DELAY)
         self.assertFalse(callback_flag)

src/greentest/test__hub.py

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class TestWaiterGet(greentest.timing.AbstractGenericWaitTestCase):
 
     def wait(self, timeout):
         with get_hub().loop.timer(timeout) as evt:
-            evt.start(self.waiter.switch)
+            evt.start(self.waiter.switch, None)
             return self.waiter.get()
 
 

src/greentest/test__socket.py

@@ -408,25 +408,15 @@ class TestFunctions(greentest.TestCase):
         # Issue #635
         import gevent.socket
         import gevent._socketcommon
-        orig_get_hub = gevent.socket.get_hub
-
-        class get_hub(object):
-            def wait(self, _io):
-                gevent.sleep(10)
 
         class io(object):
             callback = None
 
-        gevent._socketcommon.get_hub = get_hub
-        try:
-            try:
-                gevent.socket.wait(io(), timeout=0.01)
-            except gevent.socket.timeout:
-                pass
-            else:
-                self.fail("Should raise timeout error")
-        finally:
-            gevent._socketcommon.get_hub = orig_get_hub
+            def start(self, *_args):
+                gevent.sleep(10)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(gevent.socket.timeout):
+            gevent.socket.wait(io(), timeout=0.01)
 
 
     def test_signatures(self):