io_uring: fix __tctx_task_work() ctx race

There is an unlikely but possible race using a freed context. That's
because req->task_work.func() can free a request, but we won't
necessarily find a completion in submit_state.comp and so all ctx refs
may be put by the time we do mutex_lock(&ctx->uring_ctx);

There are several reasons why it can miss going through
submit_state.comp: 1) req->task_work.func() didn't complete it itself,
but punted to iowq (e.g. reissue) and it got freed later, or a similar
situation with it overflowing and getting flushed by someone else, or
being submitted to IRQ completion, 2) As we don't hold the uring_lock,
someone else can do io_submit_flush_completions() and put our ref.
3) Bugs and code obscurities, e.g. failing to propagate issue_flags
properly.

One example is as follows

  CPU1                                  |  CPU2
=======================================================================
@req->task_work.func()                  |
  -> @req overflwed,                    |
     so submit_state.comp,nr==0         |
                                        | flush overflows, and free @req
                                        | ctx refs == 0, free it
ctx is dead, but we do                  |
	lock + flush + unlock           |

So take a ctx reference for each new ctx we see in __tctx_task_work(),
and do release it until we do all our flushing.

Fixes: 65453d1e ("io_uring: enable req cache for task_work items")
Reported-by: syzbot+a157ac7c03a56397f553@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Signed-off-by: Pavel Begunkov <asml.silence@gmail.com>
[axboe: fold in my one-liner and fix ref mismatch]
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

fs/io_uring.c

@@ -1800,6 +1800,18 @@ static inline struct io_kiocb *io_req_find_next(struct io_kiocb *req)
 	return __io_req_find_next(req);
 }
 
+static void ctx_flush_and_put(struct io_ring_ctx *ctx)
+{
+	if (!ctx)
+		return;
+	if (ctx->submit_state.comp.nr) {
+		mutex_lock(&ctx->uring_lock);
+		io_submit_flush_completions(&ctx->submit_state.comp, ctx);
+		mutex_unlock(&ctx->uring_lock);
+	}
+	percpu_ref_put(&ctx->refs);
+}
+
 static bool __tctx_task_work(struct io_uring_task *tctx)
 {
 	struct io_ring_ctx *ctx = NULL;
@@ -1817,30 +1829,20 @@ static bool __tctx_task_work(struct io_uring_task *tctx)
 	node = list.first;
 	while (node) {
 		struct io_wq_work_node *next = node->next;
-		struct io_ring_ctx *this_ctx;
 		struct io_kiocb *req;
 
 		req = container_of(node, struct io_kiocb, io_task_work.node);
-		this_ctx = req->ctx;
-		req->task_work.func(&req->task_work);
-		node = next;
-
-		if (!ctx) {
-			ctx = this_ctx;
-		} else if (ctx != this_ctx) {
-			mutex_lock(&ctx->uring_lock);
-			io_submit_flush_completions(&ctx->submit_state.comp, ctx);
-			mutex_unlock(&ctx->uring_lock);
-			ctx = this_ctx;
-		}
+		if (req->ctx != ctx) {
+			ctx_flush_and_put(ctx);
+			ctx = req->ctx;
+			percpu_ref_get(&ctx->refs);
 		}
 
-	if (ctx && ctx->submit_state.comp.nr) {
-		mutex_lock(&ctx->uring_lock);
-		io_submit_flush_completions(&ctx->submit_state.comp, ctx);
-		mutex_unlock(&ctx->uring_lock);
+		req->task_work.func(&req->task_work);
+		node = next;
 	}
 
+	ctx_flush_and_put(ctx);
 	return list.first != NULL;
 }