nios2: MMU Fault handling

This patch adds support for the handling of the MMU faults (exception
entry code introduced by a previous patch, kernel/entry.S).
Signed-off-by: Ley Foon Tan <lftan@altera.com>

arch/nios2/mm/extable.c

+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2010, Tobias Klauser <tklauser@distanz.ch>
+ * Copyright (C) 2009, Wind River Systems Inc
+ *   Implemented by fredrik.markstrom@gmail.com and ivarholmqvist@gmail.com
+ *
+ * This file is subject to the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public
+ * License.  See the file "COPYING" in the main directory of this archive
+ * for more details.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/uaccess.h>
+
+int fixup_exception(struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+	const struct exception_table_entry *fixup;
+
+	fixup = search_exception_tables(regs->ea);
+	if (fixup) {
+		regs->ea = fixup->fixup;
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}

arch/nios2/mm/fault.c

+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 Wind River Systems Inc
+ *   Implemented by fredrik.markstrom@gmail.com and ivarholmqvist@gmail.com
+ *
+ * based on arch/mips/mm/fault.c which is:
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 1995-2000 Ralf Baechle
+ *
+ * This file is subject to the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public
+ * License.  See the file "COPYING" in the main directory of this archive
+ * for more details.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/signal.h>
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+#include <linux/interrupt.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/errno.h>
+#include <linux/string.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/ptrace.h>
+#include <linux/mman.h>
+#include <linux/mm.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/uaccess.h>
+#include <linux/ptrace.h>
+
+#include <asm/mmu_context.h>
+#include <asm/traps.h>
+
+#define EXC_SUPERV_INSN_ACCESS	9  /* Supervisor only instruction address */
+#define EXC_SUPERV_DATA_ACCESS	11 /* Supervisor only data address */
+#define EXC_X_PROTECTION_FAULT	13 /* TLB permission violation (x) */
+#define EXC_R_PROTECTION_FAULT	14 /* TLB permission violation (r) */
+#define EXC_W_PROTECTION_FAULT	15 /* TLB permission violation (w) */
+
+/*
+ * This routine handles page faults.  It determines the address,
+ * and the problem, and then passes it off to one of the appropriate
+ * routines.
+ */
+asmlinkage void do_page_fault(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long cause,
+				unsigned long address)
+{
+	struct vm_area_struct *vma = NULL;
+	struct task_struct *tsk = current;
+	struct mm_struct *mm = tsk->mm;
+	int code = SEGV_MAPERR;
+	int fault;
+	unsigned int flags = 0;
+
+	cause >>= 2;
+
+	/* Restart the instruction */
+	regs->ea -= 4;
+
+	/*
+	 * We fault-in kernel-space virtual memory on-demand. The
+	 * 'reference' page table is init_mm.pgd.
+	 *
+	 * NOTE! We MUST NOT take any locks for this case. We may
+	 * be in an interrupt or a critical region, and should
+	 * only copy the information from the master page table,
+	 * nothing more.
+	 */
+	if (unlikely(address >= VMALLOC_START && address <= VMALLOC_END)) {
+		if (user_mode(regs))
+			goto bad_area_nosemaphore;
+		else
+			goto vmalloc_fault;
+	}
+
+	if (unlikely(address >= TASK_SIZE))
+		goto bad_area_nosemaphore;
+
+	/*
+	 * If we're in an interrupt or have no user
+	 * context, we must not take the fault..
+	 */
+	if (in_atomic() || !mm)
+		goto bad_area_nosemaphore;
+
+	if (user_mode(regs))
+		flags |= FAULT_FLAG_USER;
+
+	if (!down_read_trylock(&mm->mmap_sem)) {
+		if (!user_mode(regs) && !search_exception_tables(regs->ea))
+			goto bad_area_nosemaphore;
+		down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
+	}
+
+	vma = find_vma(mm, address);
+	if (!vma)
+		goto bad_area;
+	if (vma->vm_start <= address)
+		goto good_area;
+	if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_GROWSDOWN))
+		goto bad_area;
+	if (expand_stack(vma, address))
+		goto bad_area;
+/*
+ * Ok, we have a good vm_area for this memory access, so
+ * we can handle it..
+ */
+good_area:
+	code = SEGV_ACCERR;
+
+	switch (cause) {
+	case EXC_SUPERV_INSN_ACCESS:
+		goto bad_area;
+	case EXC_SUPERV_DATA_ACCESS:
+		goto bad_area;
+	case EXC_X_PROTECTION_FAULT:
+		if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_EXEC))
+			goto bad_area;
+		break;
+	case EXC_R_PROTECTION_FAULT:
+		if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_READ))
+			goto bad_area;
+		break;
+	case EXC_W_PROTECTION_FAULT:
+		if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE))
+			goto bad_area;
+		flags = FAULT_FLAG_WRITE;
+		break;
+	}
+
+survive:
+	/*
+	 * If for any reason at all we couldn't handle the fault,
+	 * make sure we exit gracefully rather than endlessly redo
+	 * the fault.
+	 */
+	fault = handle_mm_fault(mm, vma, address, flags);
+	if (unlikely(fault & VM_FAULT_ERROR)) {
+		if (fault & VM_FAULT_OOM)
+			goto out_of_memory;
+		else if (fault & VM_FAULT_SIGBUS)
+			goto do_sigbus;
+		BUG();
+	}
+	if (fault & VM_FAULT_MAJOR)
+		tsk->maj_flt++;
+	else
+		tsk->min_flt++;
+
+	up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
+	return;
+
+/*
+ * Something tried to access memory that isn't in our memory map..
+ * Fix it, but check if it's kernel or user first..
+ */
+bad_area:
+	up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
+
+bad_area_nosemaphore:
+	/* User mode accesses just cause a SIGSEGV */
+	if (user_mode(regs)) {
+		pr_alert("%s: unhandled page fault (%d) at 0x%08lx, "
+			"cause %ld\n", current->comm, SIGSEGV, address, cause);
+		show_regs(regs);
+		_exception(SIGSEGV, regs, code, address);
+		return;
+	}
+
+no_context:
+	/* Are we prepared to handle this kernel fault? */
+	if (fixup_exception(regs))
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * Oops. The kernel tried to access some bad page. We'll have to
+	 * terminate things with extreme prejudice.
+	 */
+	bust_spinlocks(1);
+
+	pr_alert("Unable to handle kernel %s at virtual address %08lx",
+		address < PAGE_SIZE ? "NULL pointer dereference" :
+		"paging request", address);
+	pr_alert("ea = %08lx, ra = %08lx, cause = %ld\n", regs->ea, regs->ra,
+		cause);
+	panic("Oops");
+	return;
+
+/*
+ * We ran out of memory, or some other thing happened to us that made
+ * us unable to handle the page fault gracefully.
+ */
+out_of_memory:
+	up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
+	if (is_global_init(tsk)) {
+		yield();
+		down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
+		goto survive;
+	}
+	if (!user_mode(regs))
+		goto no_context;
+	pagefault_out_of_memory();
+	return;
+
+do_sigbus:
+	up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
+
+	/* Kernel mode? Handle exceptions or die */
+	if (!user_mode(regs))
+		goto no_context;
+
+	_exception(SIGBUS, regs, BUS_ADRERR, address);
+	return;
+
+vmalloc_fault:
+	{
+		/*
+		 * Synchronize this task's top level page-table
+		 * with the 'reference' page table.
+		 *
+		 * Do _not_ use "tsk" here. We might be inside
+		 * an interrupt in the middle of a task switch..
+		 */
+		int offset = pgd_index(address);
+		pgd_t *pgd, *pgd_k;
+		pud_t *pud, *pud_k;
+		pmd_t *pmd, *pmd_k;
+		pte_t *pte_k;
+
+		pgd = pgd_current + offset;
+		pgd_k = init_mm.pgd + offset;
+
+		if (!pgd_present(*pgd_k))
+			goto no_context;
+		set_pgd(pgd, *pgd_k);
+
+		pud = pud_offset(pgd, address);
+		pud_k = pud_offset(pgd_k, address);
+		if (!pud_present(*pud_k))
+			goto no_context;
+		pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address);
+		pmd_k = pmd_offset(pud_k, address);
+		if (!pmd_present(*pmd_k))
+			goto no_context;
+		set_pmd(pmd, *pmd_k);
+
+		pte_k = pte_offset_kernel(pmd_k, address);
+		if (!pte_present(*pte_k))
+			goto no_context;
+
+		flush_tlb_one(address);
+		return;
+	}
+}