Merge tag 'rust-6.11' of https://github.com/Rust-for-Linux/linux

Pull Rust updates from Miguel Ojeda:
 "The highlight is the establishment of a minimum version for the Rust
  toolchain, including 'rustc' (and bundled tools) and 'bindgen'.

  The initial minimum will be the pinned version we currently have, i.e.
  we are just widening the allowed versions. That covers three stable
  Rust releases: 1.78.0, 1.79.0, 1.80.0 (getting released tomorrow),
  plus beta, plus nightly.

  This should already be enough for kernel developers in distributions
  that provide recent Rust compiler versions routinely, such as Arch
  Linux, Debian Unstable (outside the freeze period), Fedora Linux,
  Gentoo Linux (especially the testing channel), Nix (unstable) and
  openSUSE Slowroll and Tumbleweed.

  In addition, the kernel is now being built-tested by Rust's pre-merge
  CI. That is, every change that is attempting to land into the Rust
  compiler is tested against the kernel, and it is merged only if it
  passes. Similarly, the bindgen tool has agreed to build the kernel in
  their CI too.

  Thus, with the pre-merge CI in place, both projects hope to avoid
  unintentional changes to Rust that break the kernel. This means that,
  in general, apart from intentional changes on their side (that we will
  need to workaround conditionally on our side), the upcoming Rust
  compiler versions should generally work.

  In addition, the Rust project has proposed getting the kernel into
  stable Rust (at least solving the main blockers) as one of its three
  flagship goals for 2024H2 [1].

  I would like to thank Niko, Sid, Emilio et al. for their help
  promoting the collaboration between Rust and the kernel.

  Toolchain and infrastructure:

   - Support several Rust toolchain versions.

   - Support several bindgen versions.

   - Remove 'cargo' requirement and simplify 'rusttest', thanks to
     'alloc' having been dropped last cycle.

   - Provide proper error reporting for the 'rust-analyzer' target.

  'kernel' crate:

   - Add 'uaccess' module with a safe userspace pointers abstraction.

   - Add 'page' module with a 'struct page' abstraction.

   - Support more complex generics in workqueue's 'impl_has_work!'
     macro.

  'macros' crate:

   - Add 'firmware' field support to the 'module!' macro.

   - Improve 'module!' macro documentation.

  Documentation:

   - Provide instructions on what packages should be installed to build
     the kernel in some popular Linux distributions.

   - Introduce the new kernel.org LLVM+Rust toolchains.

   - Explain '#[no_std]'.

  And a few other small bits"

Link: https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-project-goals/2024h2/index.html#flagship-goals [1]

* tag 'rust-6.11' of https://github.com/Rust-for-Linux/linux: (26 commits)
  docs: rust: quick-start: add section on Linux distributions
  rust: warn about `bindgen` versions 0.66.0 and 0.66.1
  rust: start supporting several `bindgen` versions
  rust: work around `bindgen` 0.69.0 issue
  rust: avoid assuming a particular `bindgen` build
  rust: start supporting several compiler versions
  rust: simplify Clippy warning flags set
  rust: relax most deny-level lints to warnings
  rust: allow `dead_code` for never constructed bindings
  rust: init: simplify from `map_err` to `inspect_err`
  rust: macros: indent list item in `paste!`'s docs
  rust: add abstraction for `struct page`
  rust: uaccess: add typed accessors for userspace pointers
  uaccess: always export _copy_[from|to]_user with CONFIG_RUST
  rust: uaccess: add userspace pointers
  kbuild: rust-analyzer: improve comment documentation
  kbuild: rust-analyzer: better error handling
  docs: rust: no_std is used
  rust: alloc: add __GFP_HIGHMEM flag
  rust: alloc: fix typo in docs for GFP_NOWAIT
  ...

Documentation/process/changes.rst

@@ -89,14 +89,7 @@ docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM <kbuild_llvm>`.
 Rust (optional)
 ---------------
 
-A particular version of the Rust toolchain is required. Newer versions may or
-may not work because the kernel depends on some unstable Rust features, for
-the moment.
-
-Each Rust toolchain comes with several "components", some of which are required
-(like ``rustc``) and some that are optional. The ``rust-src`` component (which
-is optional) needs to be installed to build the kernel. Other components are
-useful for developing.
+A recent version of the Rust compiler is required.
 
 Please see Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst for instructions on how to
 satisfy the build requirements of Rust support. In particular, the ``Makefile``

Documentation/rust/general-information.rst

@@ -7,6 +7,14 @@ This document contains useful information to know when working with
 the Rust support in the kernel.
 
 
+``no_std``
+----------
+
+The Rust support in the kernel can link only `core <https://doc.rust-lang.org/core/>`_,
+but not `std <https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/>`_. Crates for use in the
+kernel must opt into this behavior using the ``#![no_std]`` attribute.
+
+
 Code documentation
 ------------------
 

Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst

@@ -5,17 +5,93 @@ Quick Start
 
 This document describes how to get started with kernel development in Rust.
 
+There are a few ways to install a Rust toolchain needed for kernel development.
+A simple way is to use the packages from your Linux distribution if they are
+suitable -- the first section below explains this approach. An advantage of this
+approach is that, typically, the distribution will match the LLVM used by Rust
+and Clang.
+
+Another way is using the prebuilt stable versions of LLVM+Rust provided on
+`kernel.org <https://kernel.org/pub/tools/llvm/rust/>`_. These are the same slim
+and fast LLVM toolchains from :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>` with versions
+of Rust added to them that Rust for Linux supports. Two sets are provided: the
+"latest LLVM" and "matching LLVM" (please see the link for more information).
+
+Alternatively, the next two "Requirements" sections explain each component and
+how to install them through ``rustup``, the standalone installers from Rust
+and/or building them.
+
+The rest of the document explains other aspects on how to get started.
+
+
+Distributions
+-------------
+
+Arch Linux
+**********
+
+Arch Linux provides recent Rust releases and thus it should generally work out
+of the box, e.g.::
+
+	pacman -S rust rust-src rust-bindgen
+
+
+Debian
+******
+
+Debian Unstable (Sid), outside of the freeze period, provides recent Rust
+releases and thus it should generally work out of the box, e.g.::
+
+	apt install rustc rust-src bindgen rustfmt rust-clippy
+
+
+Fedora Linux
+************
+
+Fedora Linux provides recent Rust releases and thus it should generally work out
+of the box, e.g.::
+
+	dnf install rust rust-src bindgen-cli rustfmt clippy
+
+
+Gentoo Linux
+************
+
+Gentoo Linux (and especially the testing branch) provides recent Rust releases
+and thus it should generally work out of the box, e.g.::
+
+	USE='rust-src rustfmt clippy' emerge dev-lang/rust dev-util/bindgen
+
+``LIBCLANG_PATH`` may need to be set.
+
+
+Nix
+***
+
+Nix (unstable channel) provides recent Rust releases and thus it should
+generally work out of the box, e.g.::
+
+	{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:
+	pkgs.mkShell {
+	  nativeBuildInputs = with pkgs; [ rustc rust-bindgen rustfmt clippy ];
+	  RUST_LIB_SRC = "${pkgs.rust.packages.stable.rustPlatform.rustLibSrc}";
+	}
+
+
+openSUSE
+********
+
+openSUSE Slowroll and openSUSE Tumbleweed provide recent Rust releases and thus
+they should generally work out of the box, e.g.::
+
+	zypper install rust rust1.79-src rust-bindgen clang
+
 
 Requirements: Building
 ----------------------
 
 This section explains how to fetch the tools needed for building.
 
-Some of these requirements might be available from Linux distributions
-under names like ``rustc``, ``rust-src``, ``rust-bindgen``, etc. However,
-at the time of writing, they are likely not to be recent enough unless
-the distribution tracks the latest releases.
-
 To easily check whether the requirements are met, the following target
 can be used::
 
@@ -29,16 +105,15 @@ if that is the case.
 rustc
 *****
 
-A particular version of the Rust compiler is required. Newer versions may or
-may not work because, for the moment, the kernel depends on some unstable
-Rust features.
+A recent version of the Rust compiler is required.
 
 If ``rustup`` is being used, enter the kernel build directory (or use
-``--path=<build-dir>`` argument to the ``set`` sub-command) and run::
+``--path=<build-dir>`` argument to the ``set`` sub-command) and run,
+for instance::
 
-	rustup override set $(scripts/min-tool-version.sh rustc)
+	rustup override set stable
 
-This will configure your working directory to use the correct version of
+This will configure your working directory to use the given version of
 ``rustc`` without affecting your default toolchain.
 
 Note that the override applies to the current working directory (and its
@@ -65,9 +140,9 @@ version later on requires re-adding the component.
 Otherwise, if a standalone installer is used, the Rust source tree may be
 downloaded into the toolchain's installation folder::
 
-	curl -L "https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/rust-src-$(scripts/min-tool-version.sh rustc).tar.gz" |
+	curl -L "https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/rust-src-$(rustc --version | cut -d' ' -f2).tar.gz" |
 		tar -xzf - -C "$(rustc --print sysroot)/lib" \
-		"rust-src-$(scripts/min-tool-version.sh rustc)/rust-src/lib/" \
+		"rust-src-$(rustc --version | cut -d' ' -f2)/rust-src/lib/" \
 		--strip-components=3
 
 In this case, upgrading the Rust compiler version later on requires manually
@@ -101,26 +176,22 @@ bindgen
 *******
 
 The bindings to the C side of the kernel are generated at build time using
-the ``bindgen`` tool. A particular version is required.
+the ``bindgen`` tool.
 
-Install it via (note that this will download and build the tool from source)::
+Install it, for instance, via (note that this will download and build the tool
+from source)::
 
-	cargo install --locked --version $(scripts/min-tool-version.sh bindgen) bindgen-cli
+	cargo install --locked bindgen-cli
 
-``bindgen`` needs to find a suitable ``libclang`` in order to work. If it is
-not found (or a different ``libclang`` than the one found should be used),
-the process can be tweaked using the environment variables understood by
-``clang-sys`` (the Rust bindings crate that ``bindgen`` uses to access
-``libclang``):
+``bindgen`` uses the ``clang-sys`` crate to find a suitable ``libclang`` (which
+may be linked statically, dynamically or loaded at runtime). By default, the
+``cargo`` command above will produce a ``bindgen`` binary that will load
+``libclang`` at runtime. If it is not found (or a different ``libclang`` than
+the one found should be used), the process can be tweaked, e.g. by using the
+``LIBCLANG_PATH`` environment variable. For details, please see ``clang-sys``'s
+documentation at:
 
-* ``LLVM_CONFIG_PATH`` can be pointed to an ``llvm-config`` executable.
-
-* Or ``LIBCLANG_PATH`` can be pointed to a ``libclang`` shared library
-  or to the directory containing it.
-
-* Or ``CLANG_PATH`` can be pointed to a ``clang`` executable.
-
-For details, please see ``clang-sys``'s documentation at:
+	https://github.com/KyleMayes/clang-sys#linking
 
 	https://github.com/KyleMayes/clang-sys#environment-variables
 
@@ -164,20 +235,6 @@ can be installed manually::
 The standalone installers also come with ``clippy``.
 
 
-cargo
-*****
-
-``cargo`` is the Rust native build system. It is currently required to run
-the tests since it is used to build a custom standard library that contains
-the facilities provided by the custom ``alloc`` in the kernel. The tests can
-be run using the ``rusttest`` Make target.
-
-If ``rustup`` is being used, all the profiles already install the tool,
-thus nothing needs to be done.
-
-The standalone installers also come with ``cargo``.
-
-
 rustdoc
 *******
 

Documentation/rust/testing.rst

@@ -131,9 +131,8 @@ Additionally, there are the ``#[test]`` tests. These can be run using the
 
 	make LLVM=1 rusttest
 
-This requires the kernel ``.config`` and downloads external repositories. It
-runs the ``#[test]`` tests on the host (currently) and thus is fairly limited in
-what these tests can test.
+This requires the kernel ``.config``. It runs the ``#[test]`` tests on the host
+(currently) and thus is fairly limited in what these tests can test.
 
 The Kselftests
 --------------

Makefile

@@ -445,17 +445,17 @@ KBUILD_USERLDFLAGS := $(USERLDFLAGS)
 # host programs.
 export rust_common_flags := --edition=2021 \
 			    -Zbinary_dep_depinfo=y \
-			    -Dunsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn -Drust_2018_idioms \
-			    -Dunreachable_pub -Dnon_ascii_idents \
+			    -Dunsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn \
+			    -Dnon_ascii_idents \
+			    -Wrust_2018_idioms \
+			    -Wunreachable_pub \
 			    -Wmissing_docs \
-			    -Drustdoc::missing_crate_level_docs \
-			    -Dclippy::correctness -Dclippy::style \
-			    -Dclippy::suspicious -Dclippy::complexity \
-			    -Dclippy::perf \
-			    -Dclippy::let_unit_value -Dclippy::mut_mut \
-			    -Dclippy::needless_bitwise_bool \
-			    -Dclippy::needless_continue \
-			    -Dclippy::no_mangle_with_rust_abi \
+			    -Wrustdoc::missing_crate_level_docs \
+			    -Wclippy::all \
+			    -Wclippy::mut_mut \
+			    -Wclippy::needless_bitwise_bool \
+			    -Wclippy::needless_continue \
+			    -Wclippy::no_mangle_with_rust_abi \
 			    -Wclippy::dbg_macro
 
 KBUILD_HOSTCFLAGS   := $(KBUILD_USERHOSTCFLAGS) $(HOST_LFS_CFLAGS) \
@@ -493,7 +493,6 @@ RUSTDOC		= rustdoc
 RUSTFMT		= rustfmt
 CLIPPY_DRIVER	= clippy-driver
 BINDGEN		= bindgen
-CARGO		= cargo
 PAHOLE		= pahole
 RESOLVE_BTFIDS	= $(objtree)/tools/bpf/resolve_btfids/resolve_btfids
 LEX		= flex
@@ -559,7 +558,7 @@ KBUILD_RUSTFLAGS := $(rust_common_flags) \
 		    -Csymbol-mangling-version=v0 \
 		    -Crelocation-model=static \
 		    -Zfunction-sections=n \
-		    -Dclippy::float_arithmetic
+		    -Wclippy::float_arithmetic
 
 KBUILD_AFLAGS_KERNEL :=
 KBUILD_CFLAGS_KERNEL :=
@@ -587,7 +586,7 @@ endif
 export RUSTC_BOOTSTRAP := 1
 
 export ARCH SRCARCH CONFIG_SHELL BASH HOSTCC KBUILD_HOSTCFLAGS CROSS_COMPILE LD CC HOSTPKG_CONFIG
-export RUSTC RUSTDOC RUSTFMT RUSTC_OR_CLIPPY_QUIET RUSTC_OR_CLIPPY BINDGEN CARGO
+export RUSTC RUSTDOC RUSTFMT RUSTC_OR_CLIPPY_QUIET RUSTC_OR_CLIPPY BINDGEN
 export HOSTRUSTC KBUILD_HOSTRUSTFLAGS
 export CPP AR NM STRIP OBJCOPY OBJDUMP READELF PAHOLE RESOLVE_BTFIDS LEX YACC AWK INSTALLKERNEL
 export PERL PYTHON3 CHECK CHECKFLAGS MAKE UTS_MACHINE HOSTCXX
@@ -1959,9 +1958,12 @@ quiet_cmd_tags = GEN     $@
 tags TAGS cscope gtags: FORCE
 	$(call cmd,tags)
 
-# IDE support targets
+# Generate rust-project.json (a file that describes the structure of non-Cargo
+# Rust projects) for rust-analyzer (an implementation of the Language Server
+# Protocol).
 PHONY += rust-analyzer
 rust-analyzer:
+	$(Q)$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/rust_is_available.sh
 	$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=rust $@
 
 # Script to generate missing namespace dependencies

include/linux/uaccess.h

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include <linux/fault-inject-usercopy.h>
 #include <linux/instrumented.h>
 #include <linux/minmax.h>
+#include <linux/nospec.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/thread_info.h>
 
@@ -138,13 +139,26 @@ __copy_to_user(void __user *to, const void *from, unsigned long n)
 	return raw_copy_to_user(to, from, n);
 }
 
-#ifdef INLINE_COPY_FROM_USER
+/*
+ * Architectures that #define INLINE_COPY_TO_USER use this function
+ * directly in the normal copy_to/from_user(), the other ones go
+ * through an extern _copy_to/from_user(), which expands the same code
+ * here.
+ *
+ * Rust code always uses the extern definition.
+ */
 static inline __must_check unsigned long
-_copy_from_user(void *to, const void __user *from, unsigned long n)
+_inline_copy_from_user(void *to, const void __user *from, unsigned long n)
 {
 	unsigned long res = n;
 	might_fault();
 	if (!should_fail_usercopy() && likely(access_ok(from, n))) {
+		/*
+		 * Ensure that bad access_ok() speculation will not
+		 * lead to nasty side effects *after* the copy is
+		 * finished:
+		 */
+		barrier_nospec();
 		instrument_copy_from_user_before(to, from, n);
 		res = raw_copy_from_user(to, from, n);
 		instrument_copy_from_user_after(to, from, n, res);
@@ -153,14 +167,11 @@ _copy_from_user(void *to, const void __user *from, unsigned long n)
 		memset(to + (n - res), 0, res);
 	return res;
 }
-#else
 extern __must_check unsigned long
 _copy_from_user(void *, const void __user *, unsigned long);
-#endif
 
-#ifdef INLINE_COPY_TO_USER
 static inline __must_check unsigned long
-_copy_to_user(void __user *to, const void *from, unsigned long n)
+_inline_copy_to_user(void __user *to, const void *from, unsigned long n)
 {
 	might_fault();
 	if (should_fail_usercopy())
@@ -171,25 +182,32 @@ _copy_to_user(void __user *to, const void *from, unsigned long n)
 	}
 	return n;
 }
-#else
 extern __must_check unsigned long
 _copy_to_user(void __user *, const void *, unsigned long);
-#endif
 
 static __always_inline unsigned long __must_check
 copy_from_user(void *to, const void __user *from, unsigned long n)
 {
-	if (check_copy_size(to, n, false))
-		n = _copy_from_user(to, from, n);
+	if (!check_copy_size(to, n, false))
 		return n;
+#ifdef INLINE_COPY_FROM_USER
+	return _inline_copy_from_user(to, from, n);
+#else
+	return _copy_from_user(to, from, n);
+#endif
 }
 
 static __always_inline unsigned long __must_check
 copy_to_user(void __user *to, const void *from, unsigned long n)
 {
-	if (check_copy_size(from, n, true))
-		n = _copy_to_user(to, from, n);
+	if (!check_copy_size(from, n, true))
 		return n;
+
+#ifdef INLINE_COPY_TO_USER
+	return _inline_copy_to_user(to, from, n);
+#else
+	return _copy_to_user(to, from, n);
+#endif
 }
 
 #ifndef copy_mc_to_kernel

init/Kconfig

@@ -1924,7 +1924,10 @@ config RUSTC_VERSION_TEXT
 config BINDGEN_VERSION_TEXT
 	string
 	depends on RUST
-	default $(shell,command -v $(BINDGEN) >/dev/null 2>&1 && $(BINDGEN) --version || echo n)
+	# The dummy parameter `workaround-for-0.69.0` is required to support 0.69.0
+	# (https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-bindgen/pull/2678). It can be removed when
+	# the minimum version is upgraded past that (0.69.1 already fixed the issue).
+	default $(shell,command -v $(BINDGEN) >/dev/null 2>&1 && $(BINDGEN) --version workaround-for-0.69.0 || echo n)
 
 #
 # Place an empty function call at each tracepoint site. Can be

lib/usercopy.c

@@ -12,40 +12,18 @@
 
 /* out-of-line parts */
 
-#ifndef INLINE_COPY_FROM_USER
+#if !defined(INLINE_COPY_FROM_USER) || defined(CONFIG_RUST)
 unsigned long _copy_from_user(void *to, const void __user *from, unsigned long n)
 {
-	unsigned long res = n;
-	might_fault();
-	if (!should_fail_usercopy() && likely(access_ok(from, n))) {
-		/*
-		 * Ensure that bad access_ok() speculation will not
-		 * lead to nasty side effects *after* the copy is
-		 * finished:
-		 */
-		barrier_nospec();
-		instrument_copy_from_user_before(to, from, n);
-		res = raw_copy_from_user(to, from, n);
-		instrument_copy_from_user_after(to, from, n, res);
-	}
-	if (unlikely(res))
-		memset(to + (n - res), 0, res);
-	return res;
+	return _inline_copy_from_user(to, from, n);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(_copy_from_user);
 #endif
 
-#ifndef INLINE_COPY_TO_USER
+#if !defined(INLINE_COPY_TO_USER) || defined(CONFIG_RUST)
 unsigned long _copy_to_user(void __user *to, const void *from, unsigned long n)
 {
-	might_fault();
-	if (should_fail_usercopy())
-		return n;
-	if (likely(access_ok(to, n))) {
-		instrument_copy_to_user(to, from, n);
-		n = raw_copy_to_user(to, from, n);
-	}
-	return n;
+	return _inline_copy_to_user(to, from, n);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(_copy_to_user);
 #endif

rust/Makefile

@@ -44,17 +44,10 @@ rustc_sysroot := $(shell MAKEFLAGS= $(RUSTC) $(rust_flags) --print sysroot)
 rustc_host_target := $(shell $(RUSTC) --version --verbose | grep -F 'host: ' | cut -d' ' -f2)
 RUST_LIB_SRC ?= $(rustc_sysroot)/lib/rustlib/src/rust/library
 
-ifeq ($(quiet),silent_)
-cargo_quiet=-q
+ifneq ($(quiet),)
 rust_test_quiet=-q
 rustdoc_test_quiet=--test-args -q
 rustdoc_test_kernel_quiet=>/dev/null
-else ifeq ($(quiet),quiet_)
-rust_test_quiet=-q
-rustdoc_test_quiet=--test-args -q
-rustdoc_test_kernel_quiet=>/dev/null
-else
-cargo_quiet=--verbose
 endif
 
 core-cfgs = \
@@ -135,22 +128,21 @@ quiet_cmd_rustc_test_library = RUSTC TL $<
 		@$(objtree)/include/generated/rustc_cfg $(rustc_target_flags) \
 		--crate-type $(if $(rustc_test_library_proc),proc-macro,rlib) \
 		--out-dir $(objtree)/$(obj)/test --cfg testlib \
-		--sysroot $(objtree)/$(obj)/test/sysroot \
 		-L$(objtree)/$(obj)/test \
 		--crate-name $(subst rusttest-,,$(subst rusttestlib-,,$@)) $<
 
-rusttestlib-build_error: $(src)/build_error.rs rusttest-prepare FORCE
+rusttestlib-build_error: $(src)/build_error.rs FORCE
 	+$(call if_changed,rustc_test_library)
 
 rusttestlib-macros: private rustc_target_flags = --extern proc_macro
 rusttestlib-macros: private rustc_test_library_proc = yes
-rusttestlib-macros: $(src)/macros/lib.rs rusttest-prepare FORCE
+rusttestlib-macros: $(src)/macros/lib.rs FORCE
 	+$(call if_changed,rustc_test_library)
 
-rusttestlib-bindings: $(src)/bindings/lib.rs rusttest-prepare FORCE
+rusttestlib-bindings: $(src)/bindings/lib.rs FORCE
 	+$(call if_changed,rustc_test_library)
 
-rusttestlib-uapi: $(src)/uapi/lib.rs rusttest-prepare FORCE
+rusttestlib-uapi: $(src)/uapi/lib.rs FORCE
 	+$(call if_changed,rustc_test_library)
 
 quiet_cmd_rustdoc_test = RUSTDOC T $<
@@ -159,7 +151,7 @@ quiet_cmd_rustdoc_test = RUSTDOC T $<
 	$(RUSTDOC) --test $(rust_common_flags) \
 		@$(objtree)/include/generated/rustc_cfg \
 		$(rustc_target_flags) $(rustdoc_test_target_flags) \
-		--sysroot $(objtree)/$(obj)/test/sysroot $(rustdoc_test_quiet) \
+		$(rustdoc_test_quiet) \
 		-L$(objtree)/$(obj)/test --output $(rustdoc_output) \
 		--crate-name $(subst rusttest-,,$@) $<
 
@@ -192,7 +184,6 @@ quiet_cmd_rustc_test = RUSTC T  $<
 	$(RUSTC) --test $(rust_common_flags) \
 		@$(objtree)/include/generated/rustc_cfg \
 		$(rustc_target_flags) --out-dir $(objtree)/$(obj)/test \
-		--sysroot $(objtree)/$(obj)/test/sysroot \
 		-L$(objtree)/$(obj)/test \
 		--crate-name $(subst rusttest-,,$@) $<; \
 	$(objtree)/$(obj)/test/$(subst rusttest-,,$@) $(rust_test_quiet) \
@@ -200,60 +191,15 @@ quiet_cmd_rustc_test = RUSTC T  $<
 
 rusttest: rusttest-macros rusttest-kernel
 
-# This prepares a custom sysroot with our custom `alloc` instead of
-# the standard one.
-#
-# This requires several hacks:
-#   - Unlike `core` and `alloc`, `std` depends on more than a dozen crates,
-#     including third-party crates that need to be downloaded, plus custom
-#     `build.rs` steps. Thus hardcoding things here is not maintainable.
-#   - `cargo` knows how to build the standard library, but it is an unstable
-#     feature so far (`-Zbuild-std`).
-#   - `cargo` only considers the use case of building the standard library
-#     to use it in a given package. Thus we need to create a dummy package
-#     and pick the generated libraries from there.
-#   - The usual ways of modifying the dependency graph in `cargo` do not seem
-#     to apply for the `-Zbuild-std` steps, thus we have to mislead it
-#     by modifying the sources in the sysroot.
-#   - To avoid messing with the user's Rust installation, we create a clone
-#     of the sysroot. However, `cargo` ignores `RUSTFLAGS` in the `-Zbuild-std`
-#     steps, thus we use a wrapper binary passed via `RUSTC` to pass the flag.
-#
-# In the future, we hope to avoid the whole ordeal by either:
-#   - Making the `test` crate not depend on `std` (either improving upstream
-#     or having our own custom crate).
-#   - Making the tests run in kernel space (requires the previous point).
-#   - Making `std` and friends be more like a "normal" crate, so that
-#     `-Zbuild-std` and related hacks are not needed.
-quiet_cmd_rustsysroot = RUSTSYSROOT
-      cmd_rustsysroot = \
-	rm -rf $(objtree)/$(obj)/test; \
-	mkdir -p $(objtree)/$(obj)/test; \
-	cp -a $(rustc_sysroot) $(objtree)/$(obj)/test/sysroot; \
-	echo '\#!/bin/sh' > $(objtree)/$(obj)/test/rustc_sysroot; \
-	echo "$(RUSTC) --sysroot=$(abspath $(objtree)/$(obj)/test/sysroot) \"\$$@\"" \
-		>> $(objtree)/$(obj)/test/rustc_sysroot; \
-	chmod u+x $(objtree)/$(obj)/test/rustc_sysroot; \
-	$(CARGO) -q new $(objtree)/$(obj)/test/dummy; \
-	RUSTC=$(objtree)/$(obj)/test/rustc_sysroot $(CARGO) $(cargo_quiet) \
-		test -Zbuild-std --target $(rustc_host_target) \
-		--manifest-path $(objtree)/$(obj)/test/dummy/Cargo.toml; \
-	rm $(objtree)/$(obj)/test/sysroot/lib/rustlib/$(rustc_host_target)/lib/*; \
-	cp $(objtree)/$(obj)/test/dummy/target/$(rustc_host_target)/debug/deps/* \
-		$(objtree)/$(obj)/test/sysroot/lib/rustlib/$(rustc_host_target)/lib
-
-rusttest-prepare: FORCE
-	+$(call if_changed,rustsysroot)
-
 rusttest-macros: private rustc_target_flags = --extern proc_macro
 rusttest-macros: private rustdoc_test_target_flags = --crate-type proc-macro
-rusttest-macros: $(src)/macros/lib.rs rusttest-prepare FORCE
+rusttest-macros: $(src)/macros/lib.rs FORCE
 	+$(call if_changed,rustc_test)
 	+$(call if_changed,rustdoc_test)
 
 rusttest-kernel: private rustc_target_flags = --extern alloc \
     --extern build_error --extern macros --extern bindings --extern uapi
-rusttest-kernel: $(src)/kernel/lib.rs rusttest-prepare \
+rusttest-kernel: $(src)/kernel/lib.rs \
     rusttestlib-build_error rusttestlib-macros rusttestlib-bindings \
     rusttestlib-uapi FORCE
 	+$(call if_changed,rustc_test)
@@ -421,7 +367,7 @@ ifneq ($(or $(CONFIG_ARM64),$(and $(CONFIG_RISCV),$(CONFIG_64BIT))),)
 endif
 
 $(obj)/core.o: private skip_clippy = 1
-$(obj)/core.o: private skip_flags = -Dunreachable_pub
+$(obj)/core.o: private skip_flags = -Wunreachable_pub
 $(obj)/core.o: private rustc_objcopy = $(foreach sym,$(redirect-intrinsics),--redefine-sym $(sym)=__rust$(sym))
 $(obj)/core.o: private rustc_target_flags = $(core-cfgs)
 $(obj)/core.o: $(RUST_LIB_SRC)/core/src/lib.rs FORCE
@@ -435,7 +381,7 @@ $(obj)/compiler_builtins.o: $(src)/compiler_builtins.rs $(obj)/core.o FORCE
 	+$(call if_changed_dep,rustc_library)
 
 $(obj)/alloc.o: private skip_clippy = 1
-$(obj)/alloc.o: private skip_flags = -Dunreachable_pub
+$(obj)/alloc.o: private skip_flags = -Wunreachable_pub
 $(obj)/alloc.o: private rustc_target_flags = $(alloc-cfgs)
 $(obj)/alloc.o: $(RUST_LIB_SRC)/alloc/src/lib.rs $(obj)/compiler_builtins.o FORCE
 	+$(call if_changed_dep,rustc_library)

rust/bindings/bindings_helper.h

@@ -30,4 +30,5 @@ const gfp_t RUST_CONST_HELPER_GFP_KERNEL = GFP_KERNEL;
 const gfp_t RUST_CONST_HELPER_GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT = GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT;
 const gfp_t RUST_CONST_HELPER_GFP_NOWAIT = GFP_NOWAIT;
 const gfp_t RUST_CONST_HELPER___GFP_ZERO = __GFP_ZERO;
+const gfp_t RUST_CONST_HELPER___GFP_HIGHMEM = ___GFP_HIGHMEM;
 const blk_features_t RUST_CONST_HELPER_BLK_FEAT_ROTATIONAL = BLK_FEAT_ROTATIONAL;

rust/bindings/lib.rs

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
     unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn
 )]
 
+#[allow(dead_code)]
 mod bindings_raw {
     // Use glob import here to expose all helpers.
     // Symbols defined within the module will take precedence to the glob import.

rust/helpers.c

@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 #include <linux/device.h>
 #include <linux/err.h>
 #include <linux/errname.h>
+#include <linux/gfp.h>
+#include <linux/highmem.h>
 #include <linux/mutex.h>
 #include <linux/refcount.h>
 #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
@@ -40,6 +42,20 @@ __noreturn void rust_helper_BUG(void)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rust_helper_BUG);
 
+unsigned long rust_helper_copy_from_user(void *to, const void __user *from,
+					 unsigned long n)
+{
+	return copy_from_user(to, from, n);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rust_helper_copy_from_user);
+
+unsigned long rust_helper_copy_to_user(void __user *to, const void *from,
+				       unsigned long n)
+{
+	return copy_to_user(to, from, n);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rust_helper_copy_to_user);
+
 void rust_helper_mutex_lock(struct mutex *lock)
 {
 	mutex_lock(lock);
@@ -81,6 +97,24 @@ int rust_helper_signal_pending(struct task_struct *t)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rust_helper_signal_pending);
 
+struct page *rust_helper_alloc_pages(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order)
+{
+	return alloc_pages(gfp_mask, order);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rust_helper_alloc_pages);
+
+void *rust_helper_kmap_local_page(struct page *page)
+{
+	return kmap_local_page(page);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rust_helper_kmap_local_page);
+
+void rust_helper_kunmap_local(const void *addr)
+{
+	kunmap_local(addr);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rust_helper_kunmap_local);
+
 refcount_t rust_helper_REFCOUNT_INIT(int n)
 {
 	return (refcount_t)REFCOUNT_INIT(n);

rust/kernel/alloc.rs

@@ -20,6 +20,13 @@
 #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct Flags(u32);
 
+impl Flags {
+    /// Get the raw representation of this flag.
+    pub(crate) fn as_raw(self) -> u32 {
+        self.0
+    }
+}
+
 impl core::ops::BitOr for Flags {
     type Output = Self;
     fn bitor(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
@@ -52,6 +59,14 @@ pub mod flags {
     /// This is normally or'd with other flags.
     pub const __GFP_ZERO: Flags = Flags(bindings::__GFP_ZERO);
 
+    /// Allow the allocation to be in high memory.
+    ///
+    /// Allocations in high memory may not be mapped into the kernel's address space, so this can't
+    /// be used with `kmalloc` and other similar methods.
+    ///
+    /// This is normally or'd with other flags.
+    pub const __GFP_HIGHMEM: Flags = Flags(bindings::__GFP_HIGHMEM);
+
     /// Users can not sleep and need the allocation to succeed.
     ///
     /// A lower watermark is applied to allow access to "atomic reserves". The current
@@ -66,7 +81,7 @@ pub mod flags {
     /// The same as [`GFP_KERNEL`], except the allocation is accounted to kmemcg.
     pub const GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT: Flags = Flags(bindings::GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 
-    /// Ror kernel allocations that should not stall for direct reclaim, start physical IO or
+    /// For kernel allocations that should not stall for direct reclaim, start physical IO or
     /// use any filesystem callback.  It is very likely to fail to allocate memory, even for very
     /// small allocations.
     pub const GFP_NOWAIT: Flags = Flags(bindings::GFP_NOWAIT);

rust/kernel/init.rs

@@ -843,11 +843,8 @@ unsafe fn __pinned_init(self, slot: *mut T) -> Result<(), E> {
         let val = unsafe { &mut *slot };
         // SAFETY: `slot` is considered pinned.
         let val = unsafe { Pin::new_unchecked(val) };
-        (self.1)(val).map_err(|e| {
         // SAFETY: `slot` was initialized above.
-            unsafe { core::ptr::drop_in_place(slot) };
-            e
-        })
+        (self.1)(val).inspect_err(|_| unsafe { core::ptr::drop_in_place(slot) })
     }
 }
 
@@ -941,11 +938,9 @@ unsafe fn __init(self, slot: *mut T) -> Result<(), E> {
         // SAFETY: All requirements fulfilled since this function is `__init`.
         unsafe { self.0.__pinned_init(slot)? };
         // SAFETY: The above call initialized `slot` and we still have unique access.
-        (self.1)(unsafe { &mut *slot }).map_err(|e| {
+        (self.1)(unsafe { &mut *slot }).inspect_err(|_|
             // SAFETY: `slot` was initialized above.
-            unsafe { core::ptr::drop_in_place(slot) };
-            e
-        })
+            unsafe { core::ptr::drop_in_place(slot) })
     }
 }
 

rust/kernel/lib.rs

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 pub mod kunit;
 #[cfg(CONFIG_NET)]
 pub mod net;
+pub mod page;
 pub mod prelude;
 pub mod print;
 mod static_assert;
@@ -50,6 +51,7 @@
 pub mod task;
 pub mod time;
 pub mod types;
+pub mod uaccess;
 pub mod workqueue;
 
 #[doc(hidden)]

rust/kernel/page.rs

+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+//! Kernel page allocation and management.
+
+use crate::{
+    alloc::{AllocError, Flags},
+    bindings,
+    error::code::*,
+    error::Result,
+    uaccess::UserSliceReader,
+};
+use core::ptr::{self, NonNull};
+
+/// A bitwise shift for the page size.
+pub const PAGE_SHIFT: usize = bindings::PAGE_SHIFT as usize;
+
+/// The number of bytes in a page.
+pub const PAGE_SIZE: usize = bindings::PAGE_SIZE;
+
+/// A bitmask that gives the page containing a given address.
+pub const PAGE_MASK: usize = !(PAGE_SIZE - 1);
+
+/// A pointer to a page that owns the page allocation.
+///
+/// # Invariants
+///
+/// The pointer is valid, and has ownership over the page.
+pub struct Page {
+    page: NonNull<bindings::page>,
+}
+
+// SAFETY: Pages have no logic that relies on them staying on a given thread, so moving them across
+// threads is safe.
+unsafe impl Send for Page {}
+
+// SAFETY: Pages have no logic that relies on them not being accessed concurrently, so accessing
+// them concurrently is safe.
+unsafe impl Sync for Page {}
+
+impl Page {
+    /// Allocates a new page.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Allocate memory for a page.
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use kernel::page::Page;
+    ///
+    /// # fn dox() -> Result<(), kernel::alloc::AllocError> {
+    /// let page = Page::alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL)?;
+    /// # Ok(()) }
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Allocate memory for a page and zero its contents.
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use kernel::page::Page;
+    ///
+    /// # fn dox() -> Result<(), kernel::alloc::AllocError> {
+    /// let page = Page::alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO)?;
+    /// # Ok(()) }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn alloc_page(flags: Flags) -> Result<Self, AllocError> {
+        // SAFETY: Depending on the value of `gfp_flags`, this call may sleep. Other than that, it
+        // is always safe to call this method.
+        let page = unsafe { bindings::alloc_pages(flags.as_raw(), 0) };
+        let page = NonNull::new(page).ok_or(AllocError)?;
+        // INVARIANT: We just successfully allocated a page, so we now have ownership of the newly
+        // allocated page. We transfer that ownership to the new `Page` object.
+        Ok(Self { page })
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a raw pointer to the page.
+    pub fn as_ptr(&self) -> *mut bindings::page {
+        self.page.as_ptr()
+    }
+
+    /// Runs a piece of code with this page mapped to an address.
+    ///
+    /// The page is unmapped when this call returns.
+    ///
+    /// # Using the raw pointer
+    ///
+    /// It is up to the caller to use the provided raw pointer correctly. The pointer is valid for
+    /// `PAGE_SIZE` bytes and for the duration in which the closure is called. The pointer might
+    /// only be mapped on the current thread, and when that is the case, dereferencing it on other
+    /// threads is UB. Other than that, the usual rules for dereferencing a raw pointer apply: don't
+    /// cause data races, the memory may be uninitialized, and so on.
+    ///
+    /// If multiple threads map the same page at the same time, then they may reference with
+    /// different addresses. However, even if the addresses are different, the underlying memory is
+    /// still the same for these purposes (e.g., it's still a data race if they both write to the
+    /// same underlying byte at the same time).
+    fn with_page_mapped<T>(&self, f: impl FnOnce(*mut u8) -> T) -> T {
+        // SAFETY: `page` is valid due to the type invariants on `Page`.
+        let mapped_addr = unsafe { bindings::kmap_local_page(self.as_ptr()) };
+
+        let res = f(mapped_addr.cast());
+
+        // This unmaps the page mapped above.
+        //
+        // SAFETY: Since this API takes the user code as a closure, it can only be used in a manner
+        // where the pages are unmapped in reverse order. This is as required by `kunmap_local`.
+        //
+        // In other words, if this call to `kunmap_local` happens when a different page should be
+        // unmapped first, then there must necessarily be a call to `kmap_local_page` other than the
+        // call just above in `with_page_mapped` that made that possible. In this case, it is the
+        // unsafe block that wraps that other call that is incorrect.
+        unsafe { bindings::kunmap_local(mapped_addr) };
+
+        res
+    }
+
+    /// Runs a piece of code with a raw pointer to a slice of this page, with bounds checking.
+    ///
+    /// If `f` is called, then it will be called with a pointer that points at `off` bytes into the
+    /// page, and the pointer will be valid for at least `len` bytes. The pointer is only valid on
+    /// this task, as this method uses a local mapping.
+    ///
+    /// If `off` and `len` refers to a region outside of this page, then this method returns
+    /// [`EINVAL`] and does not call `f`.
+    ///
+    /// # Using the raw pointer
+    ///
+    /// It is up to the caller to use the provided raw pointer correctly. The pointer is valid for
+    /// `len` bytes and for the duration in which the closure is called. The pointer might only be
+    /// mapped on the current thread, and when that is the case, dereferencing it on other threads
+    /// is UB. Other than that, the usual rules for dereferencing a raw pointer apply: don't cause
+    /// data races, the memory may be uninitialized, and so on.
+    ///
+    /// If multiple threads map the same page at the same time, then they may reference with
+    /// different addresses. However, even if the addresses are different, the underlying memory is
+    /// still the same for these purposes (e.g., it's still a data race if they both write to the
+    /// same underlying byte at the same time).
+    fn with_pointer_into_page<T>(
+        &self,
+        off: usize,
+        len: usize,
+        f: impl FnOnce(*mut u8) -> Result<T>,
+    ) -> Result<T> {
+        let bounds_ok = off <= PAGE_SIZE && len <= PAGE_SIZE && (off + len) <= PAGE_SIZE;
+
+        if bounds_ok {
+            self.with_page_mapped(move |page_addr| {
+                // SAFETY: The `off` integer is at most `PAGE_SIZE`, so this pointer offset will
+                // result in a pointer that is in bounds or one off the end of the page.
+                f(unsafe { page_addr.add(off) })
+            })
+        } else {
+            Err(EINVAL)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Maps the page and reads from it into the given buffer.
+    ///
+    /// This method will perform bounds checks on the page offset. If `offset .. offset+len` goes
+    /// outside of the page, then this call returns [`EINVAL`].
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// * Callers must ensure that `dst` is valid for writing `len` bytes.
+    /// * Callers must ensure that this call does not race with a write to the same page that
+    ///   overlaps with this read.
+    pub unsafe fn read_raw(&self, dst: *mut u8, offset: usize, len: usize) -> Result {
+        self.with_pointer_into_page(offset, len, move |src| {
+            // SAFETY: If `with_pointer_into_page` calls into this closure, then
+            // it has performed a bounds check and guarantees that `src` is
+            // valid for `len` bytes.
+            //
+            // There caller guarantees that there is no data race.
+            unsafe { ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(src, dst, len) };
+            Ok(())
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Maps the page and writes into it from the given buffer.
+    ///
+    /// This method will perform bounds checks on the page offset. If `offset .. offset+len` goes
+    /// outside of the page, then this call returns [`EINVAL`].
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// * Callers must ensure that `src` is valid for reading `len` bytes.
+    /// * Callers must ensure that this call does not race with a read or write to the same page
+    ///   that overlaps with this write.
+    pub unsafe fn write_raw(&self, src: *const u8, offset: usize, len: usize) -> Result {
+        self.with_pointer_into_page(offset, len, move |dst| {
+            // SAFETY: If `with_pointer_into_page` calls into this closure, then it has performed a
+            // bounds check and guarantees that `dst` is valid for `len` bytes.
+            //
+            // There caller guarantees that there is no data race.
+            unsafe { ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(src, dst, len) };
+            Ok(())
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Maps the page and zeroes the given slice.
+    ///
+    /// This method will perform bounds checks on the page offset. If `offset .. offset+len` goes
+    /// outside of the page, then this call returns [`EINVAL`].
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// Callers must ensure that this call does not race with a read or write to the same page that
+    /// overlaps with this write.
+    pub unsafe fn fill_zero_raw(&self, offset: usize, len: usize) -> Result {
+        self.with_pointer_into_page(offset, len, move |dst| {
+            // SAFETY: If `with_pointer_into_page` calls into this closure, then it has performed a
+            // bounds check and guarantees that `dst` is valid for `len` bytes.
+            //
+            // There caller guarantees that there is no data race.
+            unsafe { ptr::write_bytes(dst, 0u8, len) };
+            Ok(())
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Copies data from userspace into this page.
+    ///
+    /// This method will perform bounds checks on the page offset. If `offset .. offset+len` goes
+    /// outside of the page, then this call returns [`EINVAL`].
+    ///
+    /// Like the other `UserSliceReader` methods, data races are allowed on the userspace address.
+    /// However, they are not allowed on the page you are copying into.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// Callers must ensure that this call does not race with a read or write to the same page that
+    /// overlaps with this write.
+    pub unsafe fn copy_from_user_slice_raw(
+        &self,
+        reader: &mut UserSliceReader,
+        offset: usize,
+        len: usize,
+    ) -> Result {
+        self.with_pointer_into_page(offset, len, move |dst| {
+            // SAFETY: If `with_pointer_into_page` calls into this closure, then it has performed a
+            // bounds check and guarantees that `dst` is valid for `len` bytes. Furthermore, we have
+            // exclusive access to the slice since the caller guarantees that there are no races.
+            reader.read_raw(unsafe { core::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(dst.cast(), len) })
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Page {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        // SAFETY: By the type invariants, we have ownership of the page and can free it.
+        unsafe { bindings::__free_pages(self.page.as_ptr(), 0) };
+    }
+}

rust/kernel/types.rs

@@ -409,3 +409,67 @@ pub enum Either<L, R> {
     /// Constructs an instance of [`Either`] containing a value of type `R`.
     Right(R),
 }
+
+/// Types for which any bit pattern is valid.
+///
+/// Not all types are valid for all values. For example, a `bool` must be either zero or one, so
+/// reading arbitrary bytes into something that contains a `bool` is not okay.
+///
+/// It's okay for the type to have padding, as initializing those bytes has no effect.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// All bit-patterns must be valid for this type. This type must not have interior mutability.
+pub unsafe trait FromBytes {}
+
+// SAFETY: All bit patterns are acceptable values of the types below.
+unsafe impl FromBytes for u8 {}
+unsafe impl FromBytes for u16 {}
+unsafe impl FromBytes for u32 {}
+unsafe impl FromBytes for u64 {}
+unsafe impl FromBytes for usize {}
+unsafe impl FromBytes for i8 {}
+unsafe impl FromBytes for i16 {}
+unsafe impl FromBytes for i32 {}
+unsafe impl FromBytes for i64 {}
+unsafe impl FromBytes for isize {}
+// SAFETY: If all bit patterns are acceptable for individual values in an array, then all bit
+// patterns are also acceptable for arrays of that type.
+unsafe impl<T: FromBytes> FromBytes for [T] {}
+unsafe impl<T: FromBytes, const N: usize> FromBytes for [T; N] {}
+
+/// Types that can be viewed as an immutable slice of initialized bytes.
+///
+/// If a struct implements this trait, then it is okay to copy it byte-for-byte to userspace. This
+/// means that it should not have any padding, as padding bytes are uninitialized. Reading
+/// uninitialized memory is not just undefined behavior, it may even lead to leaking sensitive
+/// information on the stack to userspace.
+///
+/// The struct should also not hold kernel pointers, as kernel pointer addresses are also considered
+/// sensitive. However, leaking kernel pointers is not considered undefined behavior by Rust, so
+/// this is a correctness requirement, but not a safety requirement.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// Values of this type may not contain any uninitialized bytes. This type must not have interior
+/// mutability.
+pub unsafe trait AsBytes {}
+
+// SAFETY: Instances of the following types have no uninitialized portions.
+unsafe impl AsBytes for u8 {}
+unsafe impl AsBytes for u16 {}
+unsafe impl AsBytes for u32 {}
+unsafe impl AsBytes for u64 {}
+unsafe impl AsBytes for usize {}
+unsafe impl AsBytes for i8 {}
+unsafe impl AsBytes for i16 {}
+unsafe impl AsBytes for i32 {}
+unsafe impl AsBytes for i64 {}
+unsafe impl AsBytes for isize {}
+unsafe impl AsBytes for bool {}
+unsafe impl AsBytes for char {}
+unsafe impl AsBytes for str {}
+// SAFETY: If individual values in an array have no uninitialized portions, then the array itself
+// does not have any uninitialized portions either.
+unsafe impl<T: AsBytes> AsBytes for [T] {}
+unsafe impl<T: AsBytes, const N: usize> AsBytes for [T; N] {}

rust/kernel/uaccess.rs

+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+//! Slices to user space memory regions.
+//!
+//! C header: [`include/linux/uaccess.h`](srctree/include/linux/uaccess.h)
+
+use crate::{
+    alloc::Flags,
+    bindings,
+    error::Result,
+    prelude::*,
+    types::{AsBytes, FromBytes},
+};
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use core::ffi::{c_ulong, c_void};
+use core::mem::{size_of, MaybeUninit};
+
+/// The type used for userspace addresses.
+pub type UserPtr = usize;
+
+/// A pointer to an area in userspace memory, which can be either read-only or read-write.
+///
+/// All methods on this struct are safe: attempting to read or write on bad addresses (either out of
+/// the bound of the slice or unmapped addresses) will return [`EFAULT`]. Concurrent access,
+/// *including data races to/from userspace memory*, is permitted, because fundamentally another
+/// userspace thread/process could always be modifying memory at the same time (in the same way that
+/// userspace Rust's [`std::io`] permits data races with the contents of files on disk). In the
+/// presence of a race, the exact byte values read/written are unspecified but the operation is
+/// well-defined. Kernelspace code should validate its copy of data after completing a read, and not
+/// expect that multiple reads of the same address will return the same value.
+///
+/// These APIs are designed to make it difficult to accidentally write TOCTOU (time-of-check to
+/// time-of-use) bugs. Every time a memory location is read, the reader's position is advanced by
+/// the read length and the next read will start from there. This helps prevent accidentally reading
+/// the same location twice and causing a TOCTOU bug.
+///
+/// Creating a [`UserSliceReader`] and/or [`UserSliceWriter`] consumes the `UserSlice`, helping
+/// ensure that there aren't multiple readers or writers to the same location.
+///
+/// If double-fetching a memory location is necessary for some reason, then that is done by creating
+/// multiple readers to the same memory location, e.g. using [`clone_reader`].
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// Takes a region of userspace memory from the current process, and modify it by adding one to
+/// every byte in the region.
+///
+/// ```no_run
+/// use alloc::vec::Vec;
+/// use core::ffi::c_void;
+/// use kernel::error::Result;
+/// use kernel::uaccess::{UserPtr, UserSlice};
+///
+/// fn bytes_add_one(uptr: UserPtr, len: usize) -> Result<()> {
+///     let (read, mut write) = UserSlice::new(uptr, len).reader_writer();
+///
+///     let mut buf = Vec::new();
+///     read.read_all(&mut buf, GFP_KERNEL)?;
+///
+///     for b in &mut buf {
+///         *b = b.wrapping_add(1);
+///     }
+///
+///     write.write_slice(&buf)?;
+///     Ok(())
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// Example illustrating a TOCTOU (time-of-check to time-of-use) bug.
+///
+/// ```no_run
+/// use alloc::vec::Vec;
+/// use core::ffi::c_void;
+/// use kernel::error::{code::EINVAL, Result};
+/// use kernel::uaccess::{UserPtr, UserSlice};
+///
+/// /// Returns whether the data in this region is valid.
+/// fn is_valid(uptr: UserPtr, len: usize) -> Result<bool> {
+///     let read = UserSlice::new(uptr, len).reader();
+///
+///     let mut buf = Vec::new();
+///     read.read_all(&mut buf, GFP_KERNEL)?;
+///
+///     todo!()
+/// }
+///
+/// /// Returns the bytes behind this user pointer if they are valid.
+/// fn get_bytes_if_valid(uptr: UserPtr, len: usize) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+///     if !is_valid(uptr, len)? {
+///         return Err(EINVAL);
+///     }
+///
+///     let read = UserSlice::new(uptr, len).reader();
+///
+///     let mut buf = Vec::new();
+///     read.read_all(&mut buf, GFP_KERNEL)?;
+///
+///     // THIS IS A BUG! The bytes could have changed since we checked them.
+///     //
+///     // To avoid this kind of bug, don't call `UserSlice::new` multiple
+///     // times with the same address.
+///     Ok(buf)
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// [`std::io`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/index.html
+/// [`clone_reader`]: UserSliceReader::clone_reader
+pub struct UserSlice {
+    ptr: UserPtr,
+    length: usize,
+}
+
+impl UserSlice {
+    /// Constructs a user slice from a raw pointer and a length in bytes.
+    ///
+    /// Constructing a [`UserSlice`] performs no checks on the provided address and length, it can
+    /// safely be constructed inside a kernel thread with no current userspace process. Reads and
+    /// writes wrap the kernel APIs `copy_from_user` and `copy_to_user`, which check the memory map
+    /// of the current process and enforce that the address range is within the user range (no
+    /// additional calls to `access_ok` are needed). Validity of the pointer is checked when you
+    /// attempt to read or write, not in the call to `UserSlice::new`.
+    ///
+    /// Callers must be careful to avoid time-of-check-time-of-use (TOCTOU) issues. The simplest way
+    /// is to create a single instance of [`UserSlice`] per user memory block as it reads each byte
+    /// at most once.
+    pub fn new(ptr: UserPtr, length: usize) -> Self {
+        UserSlice { ptr, length }
+    }
+
+    /// Reads the entirety of the user slice, appending it to the end of the provided buffer.
+    ///
+    /// Fails with [`EFAULT`] if the read happens on a bad address.
+    pub fn read_all(self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>, flags: Flags) -> Result {
+        self.reader().read_all(buf, flags)
+    }
+
+    /// Constructs a [`UserSliceReader`].
+    pub fn reader(self) -> UserSliceReader {
+        UserSliceReader {
+            ptr: self.ptr,
+            length: self.length,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Constructs a [`UserSliceWriter`].
+    pub fn writer(self) -> UserSliceWriter {
+        UserSliceWriter {
+            ptr: self.ptr,
+            length: self.length,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Constructs both a [`UserSliceReader`] and a [`UserSliceWriter`].
+    ///
+    /// Usually when this is used, you will first read the data, and then overwrite it afterwards.
+    pub fn reader_writer(self) -> (UserSliceReader, UserSliceWriter) {
+        (
+            UserSliceReader {
+                ptr: self.ptr,
+                length: self.length,
+            },
+            UserSliceWriter {
+                ptr: self.ptr,
+                length: self.length,
+            },
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+/// A reader for [`UserSlice`].
+///
+/// Used to incrementally read from the user slice.
+pub struct UserSliceReader {
+    ptr: UserPtr,
+    length: usize,
+}
+
+impl UserSliceReader {
+    /// Skip the provided number of bytes.
+    ///
+    /// Returns an error if skipping more than the length of the buffer.
+    pub fn skip(&mut self, num_skip: usize) -> Result {
+        // Update `self.length` first since that's the fallible part of this operation.
+        self.length = self.length.checked_sub(num_skip).ok_or(EFAULT)?;
+        self.ptr = self.ptr.wrapping_add(num_skip);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Create a reader that can access the same range of data.
+    ///
+    /// Reading from the clone does not advance the current reader.
+    ///
+    /// The caller should take care to not introduce TOCTOU issues, as described in the
+    /// documentation for [`UserSlice`].
+    pub fn clone_reader(&self) -> UserSliceReader {
+        UserSliceReader {
+            ptr: self.ptr,
+            length: self.length,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the number of bytes left to be read from this reader.
+    ///
+    /// Note that even reading less than this number of bytes may fail.
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.length
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if no data is available in the io buffer.
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.length == 0
+    }
+
+    /// Reads raw data from the user slice into a kernel buffer.
+    ///
+    /// For a version that uses `&mut [u8]`, please see [`UserSliceReader::read_slice`].
+    ///
+    /// Fails with [`EFAULT`] if the read happens on a bad address, or if the read goes out of
+    /// bounds of this [`UserSliceReader`]. This call may modify `out` even if it returns an error.
+    ///
+    /// # Guarantees
+    ///
+    /// After a successful call to this method, all bytes in `out` are initialized.
+    pub fn read_raw(&mut self, out: &mut [MaybeUninit<u8>]) -> Result {
+        let len = out.len();
+        let out_ptr = out.as_mut_ptr().cast::<c_void>();
+        if len > self.length {
+            return Err(EFAULT);
+        }
+        let Ok(len_ulong) = c_ulong::try_from(len) else {
+            return Err(EFAULT);
+        };
+        // SAFETY: `out_ptr` points into a mutable slice of length `len_ulong`, so we may write
+        // that many bytes to it.
+        let res =
+            unsafe { bindings::copy_from_user(out_ptr, self.ptr as *const c_void, len_ulong) };
+        if res != 0 {
+            return Err(EFAULT);
+        }
+        self.ptr = self.ptr.wrapping_add(len);
+        self.length -= len;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Reads raw data from the user slice into a kernel buffer.
+    ///
+    /// Fails with [`EFAULT`] if the read happens on a bad address, or if the read goes out of
+    /// bounds of this [`UserSliceReader`]. This call may modify `out` even if it returns an error.
+    pub fn read_slice(&mut self, out: &mut [u8]) -> Result {
+        // SAFETY: The types are compatible and `read_raw` doesn't write uninitialized bytes to
+        // `out`.
+        let out = unsafe { &mut *(out as *mut [u8] as *mut [MaybeUninit<u8>]) };
+        self.read_raw(out)
+    }
+
+    /// Reads a value of the specified type.
+    ///
+    /// Fails with [`EFAULT`] if the read happens on a bad address, or if the read goes out of
+    /// bounds of this [`UserSliceReader`].
+    pub fn read<T: FromBytes>(&mut self) -> Result<T> {
+        let len = size_of::<T>();
+        if len > self.length {
+            return Err(EFAULT);
+        }
+        let Ok(len_ulong) = c_ulong::try_from(len) else {
+            return Err(EFAULT);
+        };
+        let mut out: MaybeUninit<T> = MaybeUninit::uninit();
+        // SAFETY: The local variable `out` is valid for writing `size_of::<T>()` bytes.
+        //
+        // By using the _copy_from_user variant, we skip the check_object_size check that verifies
+        // the kernel pointer. This mirrors the logic on the C side that skips the check when the
+        // length is a compile-time constant.
+        let res = unsafe {
+            bindings::_copy_from_user(
+                out.as_mut_ptr().cast::<c_void>(),
+                self.ptr as *const c_void,
+                len_ulong,
+            )
+        };
+        if res != 0 {
+            return Err(EFAULT);
+        }
+        self.ptr = self.ptr.wrapping_add(len);
+        self.length -= len;
+        // SAFETY: The read above has initialized all bytes in `out`, and since `T` implements
+        // `FromBytes`, any bit-pattern is a valid value for this type.
+        Ok(unsafe { out.assume_init() })
+    }
+
+    /// Reads the entirety of the user slice, appending it to the end of the provided buffer.
+    ///
+    /// Fails with [`EFAULT`] if the read happens on a bad address.
+    pub fn read_all(mut self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>, flags: Flags) -> Result {
+        let len = self.length;
+        VecExt::<u8>::reserve(buf, len, flags)?;
+
+        // The call to `try_reserve` was successful, so the spare capacity is at least `len` bytes
+        // long.
+        self.read_raw(&mut buf.spare_capacity_mut()[..len])?;
+
+        // SAFETY: Since the call to `read_raw` was successful, so the next `len` bytes of the
+        // vector have been initialized.
+        unsafe { buf.set_len(buf.len() + len) };
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// A writer for [`UserSlice`].
+///
+/// Used to incrementally write into the user slice.
+pub struct UserSliceWriter {
+    ptr: UserPtr,
+    length: usize,
+}
+
+impl UserSliceWriter {
+    /// Returns the amount of space remaining in this buffer.
+    ///
+    /// Note that even writing less than this number of bytes may fail.
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.length
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if no more data can be written to this buffer.
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.length == 0
+    }
+
+    /// Writes raw data to this user pointer from a kernel buffer.
+    ///
+    /// Fails with [`EFAULT`] if the write happens on a bad address, or if the write goes out of
+    /// bounds of this [`UserSliceWriter`]. This call may modify the associated userspace slice even
+    /// if it returns an error.
+    pub fn write_slice(&mut self, data: &[u8]) -> Result {
+        let len = data.len();
+        let data_ptr = data.as_ptr().cast::<c_void>();
+        if len > self.length {
+            return Err(EFAULT);
+        }
+        let Ok(len_ulong) = c_ulong::try_from(len) else {
+            return Err(EFAULT);
+        };
+        // SAFETY: `data_ptr` points into an immutable slice of length `len_ulong`, so we may read
+        // that many bytes from it.
+        let res = unsafe { bindings::copy_to_user(self.ptr as *mut c_void, data_ptr, len_ulong) };
+        if res != 0 {
+            return Err(EFAULT);
+        }
+        self.ptr = self.ptr.wrapping_add(len);
+        self.length -= len;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Writes the provided Rust value to this userspace pointer.
+    ///
+    /// Fails with [`EFAULT`] if the write happens on a bad address, or if the write goes out of
+    /// bounds of this [`UserSliceWriter`]. This call may modify the associated userspace slice even
+    /// if it returns an error.
+    pub fn write<T: AsBytes>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result {
+        let len = size_of::<T>();
+        if len > self.length {
+            return Err(EFAULT);
+        }
+        let Ok(len_ulong) = c_ulong::try_from(len) else {
+            return Err(EFAULT);
+        };
+        // SAFETY: The reference points to a value of type `T`, so it is valid for reading
+        // `size_of::<T>()` bytes.
+        //
+        // By using the _copy_to_user variant, we skip the check_object_size check that verifies the
+        // kernel pointer. This mirrors the logic on the C side that skips the check when the length
+        // is a compile-time constant.
+        let res = unsafe {
+            bindings::_copy_to_user(
+                self.ptr as *mut c_void,
+                (value as *const T).cast::<c_void>(),
+                len_ulong,
+            )
+        };
+        if res != 0 {
+            return Err(EFAULT);
+        }
+        self.ptr = self.ptr.wrapping_add(len);
+        self.length -= len;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}

rust/kernel/workqueue.rs

@@ -482,24 +482,26 @@ unsafe fn work_container_of(ptr: *mut Work<T, ID>) -> *mut Self
 /// use kernel::sync::Arc;
 /// use kernel::workqueue::{self, impl_has_work, Work};
 ///
-/// struct MyStruct {
-///     work_field: Work<MyStruct, 17>,
+/// struct MyStruct<'a, T, const N: usize> {
+///     work_field: Work<MyStruct<'a, T, N>, 17>,
+///     f: fn(&'a [T; N]),
 /// }
 ///
 /// impl_has_work! {
-///     impl HasWork<MyStruct, 17> for MyStruct { self.work_field }
+///     impl{'a, T, const N: usize} HasWork<MyStruct<'a, T, N>, 17>
+///     for MyStruct<'a, T, N> { self.work_field }
 /// }
 /// ```
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! impl_has_work {
-    ($(impl$(<$($implarg:ident),*>)?
+    ($(impl$({$($generics:tt)*})?
        HasWork<$work_type:ty $(, $id:tt)?>
-       for $self:ident $(<$($selfarg:ident),*>)?
+       for $self:ty
        { self.$field:ident }
     )*) => {$(
         // SAFETY: The implementation of `raw_get_work` only compiles if the field has the right
         // type.
-        unsafe impl$(<$($implarg),*>)? $crate::workqueue::HasWork<$work_type $(, $id)?> for $self $(<$($selfarg),*>)? {
+        unsafe impl$(<$($generics)+>)? $crate::workqueue::HasWork<$work_type $(, $id)?> for $self {
             const OFFSET: usize = ::core::mem::offset_of!(Self, $field) as usize;
 
             #[inline]
@@ -515,7 +517,7 @@ unsafe fn raw_get_work(ptr: *mut Self) -> *mut $crate::workqueue::Work<$work_typ
 pub use impl_has_work;
 
 impl_has_work! {
-    impl<T> HasWork<Self> for ClosureWork<T> { self.work }
+    impl{T} HasWork<Self> for ClosureWork<T> { self.work }
 }
 
 unsafe impl<T, const ID: u64> WorkItemPointer<ID> for Arc<T>

rust/macros/lib.rs

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 ///     author: "Rust for Linux Contributors",
 ///     description: "My very own kernel module!",
 ///     license: "GPL",
+///     alias: ["alternate_module_name"],
 /// }
 ///
 /// struct MyModule;
@@ -55,13 +56,45 @@
 /// }
 /// ```
 ///
+/// ## Firmware
+///
+/// The following example shows how to declare a kernel module that needs
+/// to load binary firmware files. You need to specify the file names of
+/// the firmware in the `firmware` field. The information is embedded
+/// in the `modinfo` section of the kernel module. For example, a tool to
+/// build an initramfs uses this information to put the firmware files into
+/// the initramfs image.
+///
+/// ```ignore
+/// use kernel::prelude::*;
+///
+/// module!{
+///     type: MyDeviceDriverModule,
+///     name: "my_device_driver_module",
+///     author: "Rust for Linux Contributors",
+///     description: "My device driver requires firmware",
+///     license: "GPL",
+///     firmware: ["my_device_firmware1.bin", "my_device_firmware2.bin"],
+/// }
+///
+/// struct MyDeviceDriverModule;
+///
+/// impl kernel::Module for MyDeviceDriverModule {
+///     fn init() -> Result<Self> {
+///         Ok(Self)
+///     }
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
 /// # Supported argument types
 ///   - `type`: type which implements the [`Module`] trait (required).
-///   - `name`: byte array of the name of the kernel module (required).
-///   - `author`: byte array of the author of the kernel module.
-///   - `description`: byte array of the description of the kernel module.
-///   - `license`: byte array of the license of the kernel module (required).
-///   - `alias`: byte array of alias name of the kernel module.
+///   - `name`: ASCII string literal of the name of the kernel module (required).
+///   - `author`: string literal of the author of the kernel module.
+///   - `description`: string literal of the description of the kernel module.
+///   - `license`: ASCII string literal of the license of the kernel module (required).
+///   - `alias`: array of ASCII string literals of the alias names of the kernel module.
+///   - `firmware`: array of ASCII string literals of the firmware files of
+/// the kernel module.
 #[proc_macro]
 pub fn module(ts: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
     module::module(ts)

rust/macros/module.rs

@@ -97,14 +97,22 @@ struct ModuleInfo {
     author: Option<String>,
     description: Option<String>,
     alias: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    firmware: Option<Vec<String>>,
 }
 
 impl ModuleInfo {
     fn parse(it: &mut token_stream::IntoIter) -> Self {
         let mut info = ModuleInfo::default();
 
-        const EXPECTED_KEYS: &[&str] =
-            &["type", "name", "author", "description", "license", "alias"];
+        const EXPECTED_KEYS: &[&str] = &[
+            "type",
+            "name",
+            "author",
+            "description",
+            "license",
+            "alias",
+            "firmware",
+        ];
         const REQUIRED_KEYS: &[&str] = &["type", "name", "license"];
         let mut seen_keys = Vec::new();
 
@@ -131,6 +139,7 @@ fn parse(it: &mut token_stream::IntoIter) -> Self {
                 "description" => info.description = Some(expect_string(it)),
                 "license" => info.license = expect_string_ascii(it),
                 "alias" => info.alias = Some(expect_string_array(it)),
+                "firmware" => info.firmware = Some(expect_string_array(it)),
                 _ => panic!(
                     "Unknown key \"{}\". Valid keys are: {:?}.",
                     key, EXPECTED_KEYS
@@ -186,6 +195,11 @@ pub(crate) fn module(ts: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
             modinfo.emit("alias", &alias);
         }
     }
+    if let Some(firmware) = info.firmware {
+        for fw in firmware {
+            modinfo.emit("firmware", &fw);
+        }
+    }
 
     // Built-in modules also export the `file` modinfo string.
     let file =

rust/uapi/lib.rs

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #![cfg_attr(test, allow(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn))]
 #![allow(
     clippy::all,
+    dead_code,
     missing_docs,
     non_camel_case_types,
     non_upper_case_globals,

scripts/rust_is_available.sh

@@ -117,20 +117,16 @@ if [ "$rust_compiler_cversion" -lt "$rust_compiler_min_cversion" ]; then
 	echo >&2 "***"
 	exit 1
 fi
-if [ "$rust_compiler_cversion" -gt "$rust_compiler_min_cversion" ]; then
-	echo >&2 "***"
-	echo >&2 "*** Rust compiler '$RUSTC' is too new. This may or may not work."
-	echo >&2 "***   Your version:     $rust_compiler_version"
-	echo >&2 "***   Expected version: $rust_compiler_min_version"
-	echo >&2 "***"
-	warning=1
-fi
 
 # Check that the Rust bindings generator is suitable.
 #
 # Non-stable and distributions' versions may have a version suffix, e.g. `-dev`.
+#
+# The dummy parameter `workaround-for-0.69.0` is required to support 0.69.0
+# (https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-bindgen/pull/2678). It can be removed when
+# the minimum version is upgraded past that (0.69.1 already fixed the issue).
 rust_bindings_generator_output=$( \
-	LC_ALL=C "$BINDGEN" --version 2>/dev/null
+	LC_ALL=C "$BINDGEN" --version workaround-for-0.69.0 2>/dev/null
 ) || rust_bindings_generator_code=$?
 if [ -n "$rust_bindings_generator_code" ]; then
 	echo >&2 "***"
@@ -165,13 +161,18 @@ if [ "$rust_bindings_generator_cversion" -lt "$rust_bindings_generator_min_cvers
 	echo >&2 "***"
 	exit 1
 fi
-if [ "$rust_bindings_generator_cversion" -gt "$rust_bindings_generator_min_cversion" ]; then
-	echo >&2 "***"
-	echo >&2 "*** Rust bindings generator '$BINDGEN' is too new. This may or may not work."
+if [ "$rust_bindings_generator_cversion" -eq 6600 ] ||
+	[ "$rust_bindings_generator_cversion" -eq 6601 ]; then
+	# Distributions may have patched the issue (e.g. Debian did).
+	if ! "$BINDGEN" $(dirname $0)/rust_is_available_bindgen_0_66.h >/dev/null; then
+		echo >&2 "***"
+		echo >&2 "*** Rust bindings generator '$BINDGEN' versions 0.66.0 and 0.66.1 may not"
+		echo >&2 "*** work due to a bug (https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-bindgen/pull/2567),"
+		echo >&2 "*** unless patched (like Debian's)."
 		echo >&2 "***   Your version:     $rust_bindings_generator_version"
-	echo >&2 "***   Expected version: $rust_bindings_generator_min_version"
 		echo >&2 "***"
 		warning=1
+	fi
 fi
 
 # Check that the `libclang` used by the Rust bindings generator is suitable.

scripts/rust_is_available_bindgen_0_66.h

+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+#define A "\0"

scripts/rust_is_available_test.py

@@ -54,18 +54,34 @@ else:
 """)
 
     @classmethod
-    def generate_bindgen(cls, version_stdout, libclang_stderr):
+    def generate_bindgen(cls, version_stdout, libclang_stderr, version_0_66_patched=False):
+        if libclang_stderr is None:
+            libclang_case = f"raise SystemExit({cls.bindgen_default_bindgen_libclang_failure_exit_code})"
+        else:
+            libclang_case = f"print({repr(libclang_stderr)}, file=sys.stderr)"
+
+        if version_0_66_patched:
+            version_0_66_case = "pass"
+        else:
+            version_0_66_case = "raise SystemExit(1)"
+
         return cls.generate_executable(f"""#!/usr/bin/env python3
 import sys
 if "rust_is_available_bindgen_libclang.h" in " ".join(sys.argv):
-    print({repr(libclang_stderr)}, file=sys.stderr)
+    {libclang_case}
+elif "rust_is_available_bindgen_0_66.h" in " ".join(sys.argv):
+    {version_0_66_case}
 else:
     print({repr(version_stdout)})
 """)
 
     @classmethod
-    def generate_bindgen_version(cls, stdout):
-        return cls.generate_bindgen(stdout, cls.bindgen_default_bindgen_libclang_stderr)
+    def generate_bindgen_version(cls, stdout, version_0_66_patched=False):
+        return cls.generate_bindgen(stdout, cls.bindgen_default_bindgen_libclang_stderr, version_0_66_patched)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def generate_bindgen_libclang_failure(cls):
+        return cls.generate_bindgen(cls.bindgen_default_bindgen_version_stdout, None)
 
     @classmethod
     def generate_bindgen_libclang(cls, stderr):
@@ -89,6 +105,7 @@ else:
         cls.rust_default_sysroot = subprocess.check_output(("rustc", "--print", "sysroot")).decode().strip()
 
         cls.bindgen_default_bindgen_version_stdout = f"bindgen {cls.bindgen_default_version}"
+        cls.bindgen_default_bindgen_libclang_failure_exit_code = 42
         cls.bindgen_default_bindgen_libclang_stderr = f"scripts/rust_is_available_bindgen_libclang.h:2:9: warning: clang version {cls.llvm_default_version} [-W#pragma-messages], err: false"
 
         cls.default_rustc = cls.generate_rustc(f"rustc {cls.rustc_default_version}")
@@ -193,11 +210,6 @@ else:
         result = self.run_script(self.Expected.FAILURE, { "RUSTC": rustc })
         self.assertIn(f"Rust compiler '{rustc}' is too old.", result.stderr)
 
-    def test_rustc_new_version(self):
-        rustc = self.generate_rustc("rustc 1.999.0 (a8314ef7d 2099-06-27)")
-        result = self.run_script(self.Expected.SUCCESS_WITH_WARNINGS, { "RUSTC": rustc })
-        self.assertIn(f"Rust compiler '{rustc}' is too new. This may or may not work.", result.stderr)
-
     def test_bindgen_nonexecutable(self):
         result = self.run_script(self.Expected.FAILURE, { "BINDGEN": self.nonexecutable })
         self.assertIn(f"Running '{self.nonexecutable}' to check the Rust bindings generator version failed with", result.stderr)
@@ -226,21 +238,24 @@ else:
         result = self.run_script(self.Expected.FAILURE, { "BINDGEN": bindgen })
         self.assertIn(f"Rust bindings generator '{bindgen}' is too old.", result.stderr)
 
-    def test_bindgen_new_version(self):
-        bindgen = self.generate_bindgen_version("bindgen 0.999.0")
+    def test_bindgen_bad_version_0_66_0_and_0_66_1(self):
+        for version in ("0.66.0", "0.66.1"):
+            with self.subTest(version=version):
+                bindgen = self.generate_bindgen_version(f"bindgen {version}")
                 result = self.run_script(self.Expected.SUCCESS_WITH_WARNINGS, { "BINDGEN": bindgen })
-        self.assertIn(f"Rust bindings generator '{bindgen}' is too new. This may or may not work.", result.stderr)
+                self.assertIn(f"Rust bindings generator '{bindgen}' versions 0.66.0 and 0.66.1 may not", result.stderr)
+
+    def test_bindgen_bad_version_0_66_0_and_0_66_1_patched(self):
+        for version in ("0.66.0", "0.66.1"):
+            with self.subTest(version=version):
+                bindgen = self.generate_bindgen_version(f"bindgen {version}", True)
+                result = self.run_script(self.Expected.SUCCESS, { "BINDGEN": bindgen })
 
     def test_bindgen_libclang_failure(self):
-        for env in (
-            { "LLVM_CONFIG_PATH": self.missing },
-            { "LIBCLANG_PATH": self.missing },
-            { "CLANG_PATH": self.missing },
-        ):
-            with self.subTest(env=env):
-                result = self.run_script(self.Expected.FAILURE, env | { "PATH": os.environ["PATH"], "BINDGEN": "bindgen" })
-                self.assertIn("Running 'bindgen' to check the libclang version (used by the Rust", result.stderr)
-                self.assertIn("bindings generator) failed with code ", result.stderr)
+        bindgen = self.generate_bindgen_libclang_failure()
+        result = self.run_script(self.Expected.FAILURE, { "BINDGEN": bindgen })
+        self.assertIn(f"Running '{bindgen}' to check the libclang version (used by the Rust", result.stderr)
+        self.assertIn(f"bindings generator) failed with code {self.bindgen_default_bindgen_libclang_failure_exit_code}. This may be caused by", result.stderr)
 
     def test_bindgen_libclang_unexpected_version(self):
         bindgen = self.generate_bindgen_libclang("scripts/rust_is_available_bindgen_libclang.h:2:9: warning: clang version unexpected [-W#pragma-messages], err: false")