Merge branch 'bpf: Support multi-attach for freplace'

Toke Høiland-Jørgensen says:

====================
This series adds support attaching freplace BPF programs to multiple targets.
This is needed to support incremental attachment of multiple XDP programs using
the libxdp dispatcher model.

Patch 1 moves prog_aux->linked_prog and the trampoline to be embedded in
bpf_tracing_link on attach, and freed by the link release logic, and introduces
a mutex to protect the writing of the pointers in prog->aux.

Based on this refactoring (and previously applied patches), it becomes pretty
straight-forward to support multiple-attach for freplace programs (patch 2).
This is simply a matter of creating a second bpf_tracing_link if a target is
supplied. However, for API consistency with other types of link attach, this
option is added to the BPF_LINK_CREATE API instead of extending
bpf_raw_tracepoint_open().

Patch 3 is a port of Jiri Olsa's patch to support fentry/fexit on freplace
programs. His approach of getting the target type from the target program
reference no longer works after we've gotten rid of linked_prog (because the
bpf_tracing_link reference disappears on attach). Instead, we used the saved
reference to the target prog type that is also used to verify compatibility on
secondary freplace attachment.

Patch 4 is the accompanying libbpf update, and patches 5-7 are selftests: patch
5 tests for the multi-freplace functionality itself; patch 6 is Jiri's previous
selftest for the fentry-to-freplace fix; patch 7 is a test for the change
introduced in the previously-applied patches, blocking MODIFY_RETURN functions
from attaching to other BPF programs.

With this series, libxdp and xdp-tools can successfully attach multiple programs
one at a time. To play with this, use the 'freplace-multi-attach' branch of
xdp-tools:

$ git clone --recurse-submodules --branch freplace-multi-attach https://github.com/xdp-project/xdp-tools
$ cd xdp-tools/xdp-loader
$ make
$ sudo ./xdp-loader load veth0 ../lib/testing/xdp_drop.o
$ sudo ./xdp-loader load veth0 ../lib/testing/xdp_pass.o
$ sudo ./xdp-loader status

The series is also available here:
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/toke/linux.git/log/?h=bpf-freplace-multi-attach-alt-10

Changelog:

v10:
  - Dial back the s/tgt_/dst_/ replacement a bit
  - Fix smatch warning (from ktest robot)
  - Rebase to bpf-next, drop already-applied patches

v9:
  - Clarify commit message of patch 3
  - Add new struct bpf_attach_target_info for returning from
    bpf_check_attach_target() and passing to bpf_trampoline_get()
  - Move trampoline key computation into a helper
  - Make sure we don't break bpffs debug umh
  - Add some comment blocks explaining the logic flow in
    bpf_tracing_prog_attach()
  - s/tgt_/dst_/ in prog->aux, and for local variables using those members
  - Always drop dst_trampoline and dst_prog from prog->aux on first attach
  - Don't remove syscall fmod_ret test from selftest benchmarks
  - Add saved_ prefix to dst_{prog,attach}_type members in prog_aux
  - Drop prog argument from check_attach_modify_return()
  - Add comment about possible NULL of tr_link->tgt_prog on link_release()

v8:
  - Add a separate error message when trying to attach FMOD_REPLACE to tgt_prog
  - Better error messages in bpf_program__attach_freplace()
  - Don't lock mutex when setting tgt_* pointers in prog create and verifier
  - Remove fmod_ret programs from benchmarks in selftests (new patch 11)
  - Fix a few other nits in selftests

v7:
  - Add back missing ptype == prog->type check in link_create()
  - Use tracing_bpf_link_attach() instead of separate freplace_bpf_link_attach()
  - Don't break attachment of bpf_iters in libbpf (by clobbering link_create.iter_info)

v6:
  - Rebase to latest bpf-next
  - Simplify logic in bpf_tracing_prog_attach()
  - Don't create a new attach_type for link_create(), disambiguate on prog->type
    instead
  - Use raw_tracepoint_open() in libbpf bpf_program__attach_ftrace() if called
    with NULL target
  - Switch bpf_program__attach_ftrace() to take function name as parameter
    instead of btf_id
  - Add a patch disallowing MODIFY_RETURN programs from attaching to other BPF
    programs, and an accompanying selftest (patches 1 and 10)

v5:
  - Fix typo in inline function definition of bpf_trampoline_get()
  - Don't put bpf_tracing_link in prog->aux, use a mutex to protect tgt_prog and
    trampoline instead, and move them to the link on attach.
  - Restore Jiri as author of the last selftest patch

v4:
  - Cleanup the refactored check_attach_btf_id() to make the logic easier to follow
  - Fix cleanup paths for bpf_tracing_link
  - Use xchg() for removing the bpf_tracing_link from prog->aux and restore on (some) failures
  - Use BPF_LINK_CREATE operation to create link with target instead of extending raw_tracepoint_open
  - Fold update of tools/ UAPI header into main patch
  - Update arg dereference patch to use skeletons and set_attach_target()

v3:
  - Get rid of prog_aux->linked_prog entirely in favour of a bpf_tracing_link
  - Incorporate Jiri's fix for attaching fentry to freplace programs

v2:
  - Drop the log arguments from bpf_raw_tracepoint_open
  - Fix kbot errors
  - Rebase to latest bpf-next
====================
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

include/linux/bpf.h

@@ -640,8 +640,8 @@ static __always_inline unsigned int bpf_dispatcher_nop_func(
 	return bpf_func(ctx, insnsi);
 }
 #ifdef CONFIG_BPF_JIT
-int bpf_trampoline_link_prog(struct bpf_prog *prog);
-int bpf_trampoline_unlink_prog(struct bpf_prog *prog);
+int bpf_trampoline_link_prog(struct bpf_prog *prog, struct bpf_trampoline *tr);
+int bpf_trampoline_unlink_prog(struct bpf_prog *prog, struct bpf_trampoline *tr);
 struct bpf_trampoline *bpf_trampoline_get(u64 key,
 					  struct bpf_attach_target_info *tgt_info);
 void bpf_trampoline_put(struct bpf_trampoline *tr);
@@ -688,11 +688,13 @@ void bpf_image_ksym_del(struct bpf_ksym *ksym);
 void bpf_ksym_add(struct bpf_ksym *ksym);
 void bpf_ksym_del(struct bpf_ksym *ksym);
 #else
-static inline int bpf_trampoline_link_prog(struct bpf_prog *prog)
+static inline int bpf_trampoline_link_prog(struct bpf_prog *prog,
+					   struct bpf_trampoline *tr)
 {
 	return -ENOTSUPP;
 }
-static inline int bpf_trampoline_unlink_prog(struct bpf_prog *prog)
+static inline int bpf_trampoline_unlink_prog(struct bpf_prog *prog,
+					     struct bpf_trampoline *tr)
 {
 	return -ENOTSUPP;
 }
@@ -763,7 +765,11 @@ struct bpf_prog_aux {
 	u32 max_rdonly_access;
 	u32 max_rdwr_access;
 	const struct bpf_ctx_arg_aux *ctx_arg_info;
-	struct bpf_prog *linked_prog;
+	struct mutex dst_mutex; /* protects dst_* pointers below, *after* prog becomes visible */
+	struct bpf_prog *dst_prog;
+	struct bpf_trampoline *dst_trampoline;
+	enum bpf_prog_type saved_dst_prog_type;
+	enum bpf_attach_type saved_dst_attach_type;
 	bool verifier_zext; /* Zero extensions has been inserted by verifier. */
 	bool offload_requested;
 	bool attach_btf_trace; /* true if attaching to BTF-enabled raw tp */
@@ -771,7 +777,6 @@ struct bpf_prog_aux {
 	bool sleepable;
 	bool tail_call_reachable;
 	enum bpf_tramp_prog_type trampoline_prog_type;
-	struct bpf_trampoline *trampoline;
 	struct hlist_node tramp_hlist;
 	/* BTF_KIND_FUNC_PROTO for valid attach_btf_id */
 	const struct btf_type *attach_func_proto;

include/uapi/linux/bpf.h

@@ -639,8 +639,13 @@ union bpf_attr {
 		};
 		__u32		attach_type;	/* attach type */
 		__u32		flags;		/* extra flags */
+		union {
+			__u32		target_btf_id;	/* btf_id of target to attach to */
+			struct {
 				__aligned_u64	iter_info;	/* extra bpf_iter_link_info */
 				__u32		iter_info_len;	/* iter_info length */
+			};
+		};
 	} link_create;
 
 	struct { /* struct used by BPF_LINK_UPDATE command */

kernel/bpf/btf.c

@@ -4428,7 +4428,7 @@ struct btf *btf_parse_vmlinux(void)
 
 struct btf *bpf_prog_get_target_btf(const struct bpf_prog *prog)
 {
-	struct bpf_prog *tgt_prog = prog->aux->linked_prog;
+	struct bpf_prog *tgt_prog = prog->aux->dst_prog;
 
 	if (tgt_prog) {
 		return tgt_prog->aux->btf;
@@ -4455,7 +4455,7 @@ bool btf_ctx_access(int off, int size, enum bpf_access_type type,
 		    struct bpf_insn_access_aux *info)
 {
 	const struct btf_type *t = prog->aux->attach_func_proto;
-	struct bpf_prog *tgt_prog = prog->aux->linked_prog;
+	struct bpf_prog *tgt_prog = prog->aux->dst_prog;
 	struct btf *btf = bpf_prog_get_target_btf(prog);
 	const char *tname = prog->aux->attach_func_name;
 	struct bpf_verifier_log *log = info->log;
@@ -4582,7 +4582,14 @@ bool btf_ctx_access(int off, int size, enum bpf_access_type type,
 
 	info->reg_type = PTR_TO_BTF_ID;
 	if (tgt_prog) {
-		ret = btf_translate_to_vmlinux(log, btf, t, tgt_prog->type, arg);
+		enum bpf_prog_type tgt_type;
+
+		if (tgt_prog->type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT)
+			tgt_type = tgt_prog->aux->saved_dst_prog_type;
+		else
+			tgt_type = tgt_prog->type;
+
+		ret = btf_translate_to_vmlinux(log, btf, t, tgt_type, arg);
 		if (ret > 0) {
 			info->btf_id = ret;
 			return true;
@@ -5281,7 +5288,7 @@ int btf_prepare_func_args(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int subprog,
 		return -EFAULT;
 	}
 	if (prog_type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT)
-		prog_type = prog->aux->linked_prog->type;
+		prog_type = prog->aux->dst_prog->type;
 
 	t = btf_type_by_id(btf, t->type);
 	if (!t || !btf_type_is_func_proto(t)) {

kernel/bpf/core.c

@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ struct bpf_prog *bpf_prog_alloc_no_stats(unsigned int size, gfp_t gfp_extra_flag
 
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD_RCU(&fp->aux->ksym.lnode);
 	mutex_init(&fp->aux->used_maps_mutex);
+	mutex_init(&fp->aux->dst_mutex);
 
 	return fp;
 }
@@ -255,6 +256,7 @@ void __bpf_prog_free(struct bpf_prog *fp)
 {
 	if (fp->aux) {
 		mutex_destroy(&fp->aux->used_maps_mutex);
+		mutex_destroy(&fp->aux->dst_mutex);
 		free_percpu(fp->aux->stats);
 		kfree(fp->aux->poke_tab);
 		kfree(fp->aux);
@@ -2138,7 +2140,8 @@ static void bpf_prog_free_deferred(struct work_struct *work)
 	if (aux->prog->has_callchain_buf)
 		put_callchain_buffers();
 #endif
-	bpf_trampoline_put(aux->trampoline);
+	if (aux->dst_trampoline)
+		bpf_trampoline_put(aux->dst_trampoline);
 	for (i = 0; i < aux->func_cnt; i++)
 		bpf_jit_free(aux->func[i]);
 	if (aux->func_cnt) {
@@ -2154,8 +2157,8 @@ void bpf_prog_free(struct bpf_prog *fp)
 {
 	struct bpf_prog_aux *aux = fp->aux;
 
-	if (aux->linked_prog)
-		bpf_prog_put(aux->linked_prog);
+	if (aux->dst_prog)
+		bpf_prog_put(aux->dst_prog);
 	INIT_WORK(&aux->work, bpf_prog_free_deferred);
 	schedule_work(&aux->work);
 }

kernel/bpf/preload/iterators/iterators.bpf.c

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ struct bpf_prog_aux {
 	__u32 id;
 	char name[16];
 	const char *attach_func_name;
-	struct bpf_prog *linked_prog;
+	struct bpf_prog *dst_prog;
 	struct bpf_func_info *func_info;
 	struct btf *btf;
 };
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ int dump_bpf_prog(struct bpf_iter__bpf_prog *ctx)
 
 	BPF_SEQ_PRINTF(seq, "%4u %-16s %s %s\n", aux->id,
 		       get_name(aux->btf, aux->func_info[0].type_id, aux->name),
-		       aux->attach_func_name, aux->linked_prog->aux->name);
+		       aux->attach_func_name, aux->dst_prog->aux->name);
 	return 0;
 }
 char LICENSE[] SEC("license") = "GPL";

kernel/bpf/preload/iterators/iterators.skel.h

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ iterators_bpf__open_opts(const struct bpf_object_open_opts *opts)
 {
 	struct iterators_bpf *obj;
 
-	obj = (typeof(obj))calloc(1, sizeof(*obj));
+	obj = (struct iterators_bpf *)calloc(1, sizeof(*obj));
 	if (!obj)
 		return NULL;
 	if (iterators_bpf__create_skeleton(obj))
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ iterators_bpf__create_skeleton(struct iterators_bpf *obj)
 {
 	struct bpf_object_skeleton *s;
 
-	s = (typeof(s))calloc(1, sizeof(*s));
+	s = (struct bpf_object_skeleton *)calloc(1, sizeof(*s));
 	if (!s)
 		return -1;
 	obj->skeleton = s;
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ iterators_bpf__create_skeleton(struct iterators_bpf *obj)
 	/* maps */
 	s->map_cnt = 1;
 	s->map_skel_sz = sizeof(*s->maps);
-	s->maps = (typeof(s->maps))calloc(s->map_cnt, s->map_skel_sz);
+	s->maps = (struct bpf_map_skeleton *)calloc(s->map_cnt, s->map_skel_sz);
 	if (!s->maps)
 		goto err;
 
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ iterators_bpf__create_skeleton(struct iterators_bpf *obj)
 	/* programs */
 	s->prog_cnt = 2;
 	s->prog_skel_sz = sizeof(*s->progs);
-	s->progs = (typeof(s->progs))calloc(s->prog_cnt, s->prog_skel_sz);
+	s->progs = (struct bpf_prog_skeleton *)calloc(s->prog_cnt, s->prog_skel_sz);
 	if (!s->progs)
 		goto err;
 
@@ -140,10 +140,10 @@ iterators_bpf__create_skeleton(struct iterators_bpf *obj)
 	s->progs[1].prog = &obj->progs.dump_bpf_prog;
 	s->progs[1].link = &obj->links.dump_bpf_prog;
 
-	s->data_sz = 7128;
+	s->data_sz = 7176;
 	s->data = (void *)"\
 \x7f\x45\x4c\x46\x02\x01\x01\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x01\0\xf7\0\x01\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
-\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x18\x18\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x40\0\0\0\0\0\x40\0\x0f\0\
+\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x48\x18\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x40\0\0\0\0\0\x40\0\x0f\0\
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@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ iterators_bpf__create_skeleton(struct iterators_bpf *obj)
 \x79\x86\0\0\0\0\0\0\xbf\xa1\0\0\0\0\0\0\x07\x01\0\0\xf8\xff\xff\xff\xb7\x02\0\
 \0\x08\0\0\0\x85\0\0\0\x71\0\0\0\xb7\x01\0\0\0\0\0\0\x79\xa3\xf8\xff\0\0\0\0\
 \x0f\x13\0\0\0\0\0\0\xbf\xa1\0\0\0\0\0\0\x07\x01\0\0\xf4\xff\xff\xff\xb7\x02\0\
-\0\x04\0\0\0\x85\0\0\0\x04\0\0\0\xb7\x03\0\0\x04\0\0\0\x61\xa1\xf4\xff\0\0\0\0\
+\0\x04\0\0\0\x85\0\0\0\x71\0\0\0\xb7\x03\0\0\x04\0\0\0\x61\xa1\xf4\xff\0\0\0\0\
 \x61\x82\x10\0\0\0\0\0\x3d\x21\x02\0\0\0\0\0\x0f\x16\0\0\0\0\0\0\xbf\x69\0\0\0\
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@@ -176,230 +176,232 @@ iterators_bpf__create_skeleton(struct iterators_bpf *obj)
 \x73\x25\x36\x64\x0a\0\x20\x20\x69\x64\x20\x6e\x61\x6d\x65\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\
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+\x0c\0\0\0\x1c\x03\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x0c\0\0\0\x2c\x03\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
+\x0c\0\0\0\x3c\x03\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x0c\0\0\0\x4c\x03\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
+\x0c\0\0\0\x5c\x03\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x0c\0\0\0\x6c\x03\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
+\x0c\0\0\0\x7c\x03\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x0c\0\0\0\x8c\x03\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
+\x0c\0\0\0\x9c\x03\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x0c\0\0\0\xac\x03\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
+\x0c\0\0\0\xbc\x03\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x0c\0\0\0\xcc\x03\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
+\x0c\0\0\0\xdc\x03\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x0c\0\0\0\xec\x03\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
+\x0c\0\0\0\xfc\x03\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x0c\0\0\0\x0c\x04\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
+\x0c\0\0\0\x1c\x04\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x0c\0\0\0\x4d\x4e\x40\x41\x42\x43\x4c\0\
+\x2e\x74\x65\x78\x74\0\x2e\x72\x65\x6c\x2e\x42\x54\x46\x2e\x65\x78\x74\0\x64\
+\x75\x6d\x70\x5f\x62\x70\x66\x5f\x6d\x61\x70\x2e\x5f\x5f\x5f\x66\x6d\x74\0\x64\
+\x75\x6d\x70\x5f\x62\x70\x66\x5f\x70\x72\x6f\x67\x2e\x5f\x5f\x5f\x66\x6d\x74\0\
+\x64\x75\x6d\x70\x5f\x62\x70\x66\x5f\x6d\x61\x70\0\x2e\x72\x65\x6c\x69\x74\x65\
+\x72\x2f\x62\x70\x66\x5f\x6d\x61\x70\0\x64\x75\x6d\x70\x5f\x62\x70\x66\x5f\x70\
+\x72\x6f\x67\0\x2e\x72\x65\x6c\x69\x74\x65\x72\x2f\x62\x70\x66\x5f\x70\x72\x6f\
+\x67\0\x2e\x6c\x6c\x76\x6d\x5f\x61\x64\x64\x72\x73\x69\x67\0\x6c\x69\x63\x65\
+\x6e\x73\x65\0\x69\x74\x65\x72\x61\x74\x6f\x72\x73\x2e\x62\x70\x66\x2e\x63\0\
+\x2e\x73\x74\x72\x74\x61\x62\0\x2e\x73\x79\x6d\x74\x61\x62\0\x2e\x72\x6f\x64\
+\x61\x74\x61\0\x2e\x72\x65\x6c\x2e\x42\x54\x46\0\x4c\x49\x43\x45\x4e\x53\x45\0\
+\x4c\x42\x42\x31\x5f\x37\0\x4c\x42\x42\x31\x5f\x36\0\x4c\x42\x42\x30\x5f\x34\0\
+\x4c\x42\x42\x31\x5f\x33\0\x4c\x42\x42\x30\x5f\x33\0\x64\x75\x6d\x70\x5f\x62\
+\x70\x66\x5f\x70\x72\x6f\x67\x2e\x5f\x5f\x5f\x66\x6d\x74\x2e\x32\0\x64\x75\x6d\
+\x70\x5f\x62\x70\x66\x5f\x6d\x61\x70\x2e\x5f\x5f\x5f\x66\x6d\x74\x2e\x31\0\0\0\
 \0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
-\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x01\0\0\0\x01\0\0\0\x06\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
-\0\0\0\0\x40\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x04\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
-\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x4e\0\0\0\x01\0\0\0\x06\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x40\0\0\0\
-\0\0\0\0\0\x01\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x08\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
-\x6d\0\0\0\x01\0\0\0\x06\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x40\x01\0\0\0\0\0\0\x08\
-\x02\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x08\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\xa1\0\0\0\
-\x01\0\0\0\x02\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x48\x03\0\0\0\0\0\0\x62\0\0\0\0\0\
-\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x01\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x89\0\0\0\x01\0\0\0\x03\
-\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\xaa\x03\0\0\0\0\0\0\x04\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
-\0\0\0\x01\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\xad\0\0\0\x01\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
-\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\xae\x03\0\0\0\0\0\0\x34\x09\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x01\0\0\
-\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x0b\0\0\0\x01\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
-\xe2\x0c\0\0\0\0\0\0\x2c\x04\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x01\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
-\0\0\0\0\0\0\x99\0\0\0\x02\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x10\x11\0\0\0\
-\0\0\0\x80\x01\0\0\0\0\0\0\x0e\0\0\0\x0d\0\0\0\x08\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x18\0\0\0\0\0\
-\0\0\x4a\0\0\0\x09\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x90\x12\0\0\0\0\0\0\
-\x20\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x08\0\0\0\x02\0\0\0\x08\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x10\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x69\
-\0\0\0\x09\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\xb0\x12\0\0\0\0\0\0\x20\0\0\0\
-\0\0\0\0\x08\0\0\0\x03\0\0\0\x08\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x10\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\xa9\0\0\0\x09\
-\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\xd0\x12\0\0\0\0\0\0\x50\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
-\x08\0\0\0\x06\0\0\0\x08\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x10\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x07\0\0\0\x09\0\0\0\0\
-\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x20\x13\0\0\0\0\0\0\xe0\x03\0\0\0\0\0\0\x08\0\0\
-\0\x07\0\0\0\x08\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x10\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x7b\0\0\0\x03\x4c\xff\x6f\0\0\
-\0\x80\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x17\0\0\0\0\0\0\x07\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
-\0\0\x01\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x91\0\0\0\x03\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
-\0\0\0\0\0\0\x07\x17\0\0\0\0\0\0\x0a\x01\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x01\0\0\0\
-\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0";
+\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x01\0\0\0\x01\0\0\
+\0\x06\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x40\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
+\0\0\0\0\x04\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x4e\0\0\0\x01\0\0\0\x06\0\0\0\0\0\0\
+\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x40\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x01\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x08\0\0\
+\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x6d\0\0\0\x01\0\0\0\x06\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
+\0\x40\x01\0\0\0\0\0\0\x08\x02\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x08\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
+\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\xb1\0\0\0\x01\0\0\0\x02\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x48\x03\0\
+\0\0\0\0\0\x62\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x01\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
+\x89\0\0\0\x01\0\0\0\x03\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\xaa\x03\0\0\0\0\0\0\x04\
+\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x01\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\xbd\0\0\0\x01\
+\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\xae\x03\0\0\0\0\0\0\x3d\x09\0\0\0\0\0\0\
+\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x01\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x0b\0\0\0\x01\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
+\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\xeb\x0c\0\0\0\0\0\0\x2c\x04\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
+\0\x01\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\xa9\0\0\0\x02\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
+\0\0\0\0\0\x18\x11\0\0\0\0\0\0\x98\x01\0\0\0\0\0\0\x0e\0\0\0\x0e\0\0\0\x08\0\0\
+\0\0\0\0\0\x18\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x4a\0\0\0\x09\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
+\0\xb0\x12\0\0\0\0\0\0\x20\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x08\0\0\0\x02\0\0\0\x08\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
+\x10\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x69\0\0\0\x09\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\xd0\x12\
+\0\0\0\0\0\0\x20\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x08\0\0\0\x03\0\0\0\x08\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x10\0\0\0\
+\0\0\0\0\xb9\0\0\0\x09\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\xf0\x12\0\0\0\0\0\
+\0\x50\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x08\0\0\0\x06\0\0\0\x08\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x10\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
+\x07\0\0\0\x09\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x40\x13\0\0\0\0\0\0\xe0\
+\x03\0\0\0\0\0\0\x08\0\0\0\x07\0\0\0\x08\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x10\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x7b\0\
+\0\0\x03\x4c\xff\x6f\0\0\0\x80\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x20\x17\0\0\0\0\0\0\x07\
+\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x01\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\xa1\0\0\0\x03\
+\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x27\x17\0\0\0\0\0\0\x1a\x01\0\0\0\0\0\0\
+\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x01\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0";
 
 	return 0;
 err:

kernel/bpf/syscall.c

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <linux/bpf.h>
 #include <linux/bpf_trace.h>
 #include <linux/bpf_lirc.h>
+#include <linux/bpf_verifier.h>
 #include <linux/btf.h>
 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
@@ -2154,14 +2155,14 @@ static int bpf_prog_load(union bpf_attr *attr, union bpf_attr __user *uattr)
 	prog->expected_attach_type = attr->expected_attach_type;
 	prog->aux->attach_btf_id = attr->attach_btf_id;
 	if (attr->attach_prog_fd) {
-		struct bpf_prog *tgt_prog;
+		struct bpf_prog *dst_prog;
 
-		tgt_prog = bpf_prog_get(attr->attach_prog_fd);
-		if (IS_ERR(tgt_prog)) {
-			err = PTR_ERR(tgt_prog);
+		dst_prog = bpf_prog_get(attr->attach_prog_fd);
+		if (IS_ERR(dst_prog)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(dst_prog);
 			goto free_prog_nouncharge;
 		}
-		prog->aux->linked_prog = tgt_prog;
+		prog->aux->dst_prog = dst_prog;
 	}
 
 	prog->aux->offload_requested = !!attr->prog_ifindex;
@@ -2498,11 +2499,23 @@ struct bpf_link *bpf_link_get_from_fd(u32 ufd)
 struct bpf_tracing_link {
 	struct bpf_link link;
 	enum bpf_attach_type attach_type;
+	struct bpf_trampoline *trampoline;
+	struct bpf_prog *tgt_prog;
 };
 
 static void bpf_tracing_link_release(struct bpf_link *link)
 {
-	WARN_ON_ONCE(bpf_trampoline_unlink_prog(link->prog));
+	struct bpf_tracing_link *tr_link =
+		container_of(link, struct bpf_tracing_link, link);
+
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(bpf_trampoline_unlink_prog(link->prog,
+						tr_link->trampoline));
+
+	bpf_trampoline_put(tr_link->trampoline);
+
+	/* tgt_prog is NULL if target is a kernel function */
+	if (tr_link->tgt_prog)
+		bpf_prog_put(tr_link->tgt_prog);
 }
 
 static void bpf_tracing_link_dealloc(struct bpf_link *link)
@@ -2542,10 +2555,15 @@ static const struct bpf_link_ops bpf_tracing_link_lops = {
 	.fill_link_info = bpf_tracing_link_fill_link_info,
 };
 
-static int bpf_tracing_prog_attach(struct bpf_prog *prog)
+static int bpf_tracing_prog_attach(struct bpf_prog *prog,
+				   int tgt_prog_fd,
+				   u32 btf_id)
 {
 	struct bpf_link_primer link_primer;
+	struct bpf_prog *tgt_prog = NULL;
+	struct bpf_trampoline *tr = NULL;
 	struct bpf_tracing_link *link;
+	u64 key = 0;
 	int err;
 
 	switch (prog->type) {
@@ -2574,6 +2592,28 @@ static int bpf_tracing_prog_attach(struct bpf_prog *prog)
 		goto out_put_prog;
 	}
 
+	if (!!tgt_prog_fd != !!btf_id) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out_put_prog;
+	}
+
+	if (tgt_prog_fd) {
+		/* For now we only allow new targets for BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT */
+		if (prog->type != BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out_put_prog;
+		}
+
+		tgt_prog = bpf_prog_get(tgt_prog_fd);
+		if (IS_ERR(tgt_prog)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(tgt_prog);
+			tgt_prog = NULL;
+			goto out_put_prog;
+		}
+
+		key = bpf_trampoline_compute_key(tgt_prog, btf_id);
+	}
+
 	link = kzalloc(sizeof(*link), GFP_USER);
 	if (!link) {
 		err = -ENOMEM;
@@ -2583,20 +2623,100 @@ static int bpf_tracing_prog_attach(struct bpf_prog *prog)
 		      &bpf_tracing_link_lops, prog);
 	link->attach_type = prog->expected_attach_type;
 
-	err = bpf_link_prime(&link->link, &link_primer);
-	if (err) {
-		kfree(link);
-		goto out_put_prog;
+	mutex_lock(&prog->aux->dst_mutex);
+
+	/* There are a few possible cases here:
+	 *
+	 * - if prog->aux->dst_trampoline is set, the program was just loaded
+	 *   and not yet attached to anything, so we can use the values stored
+	 *   in prog->aux
+	 *
+	 * - if prog->aux->dst_trampoline is NULL, the program has already been
+         *   attached to a target and its initial target was cleared (below)
+	 *
+	 * - if tgt_prog != NULL, the caller specified tgt_prog_fd +
+	 *   target_btf_id using the link_create API.
+	 *
+	 * - if tgt_prog == NULL when this function was called using the old
+         *   raw_tracepoint_open API, and we need a target from prog->aux
+         *
+         * The combination of no saved target in prog->aux, and no target
+         * specified on load is illegal, and we reject that here.
+	 */
+	if (!prog->aux->dst_trampoline && !tgt_prog) {
+		err = -ENOENT;
+		goto out_unlock;
+	}
+
+	if (!prog->aux->dst_trampoline ||
+	    (key && key != prog->aux->dst_trampoline->key)) {
+		/* If there is no saved target, or the specified target is
+		 * different from the destination specified at load time, we
+		 * need a new trampoline and a check for compatibility
+		 */
+		struct bpf_attach_target_info tgt_info = {};
+
+		err = bpf_check_attach_target(NULL, prog, tgt_prog, btf_id,
+					      &tgt_info);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_unlock;
+
+		tr = bpf_trampoline_get(key, &tgt_info);
+		if (!tr) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out_unlock;
+		}
+	} else {
+		/* The caller didn't specify a target, or the target was the
+		 * same as the destination supplied during program load. This
+		 * means we can reuse the trampoline and reference from program
+		 * load time, and there is no need to allocate a new one. This
+		 * can only happen once for any program, as the saved values in
+		 * prog->aux are cleared below.
+		 */
+		tr = prog->aux->dst_trampoline;
+		tgt_prog = prog->aux->dst_prog;
 	}
 
-	err = bpf_trampoline_link_prog(prog);
+	err = bpf_link_prime(&link->link, &link_primer);
+	if (err)
+		goto out_unlock;
+
+	err = bpf_trampoline_link_prog(prog, tr);
 	if (err) {
 		bpf_link_cleanup(&link_primer);
-		goto out_put_prog;
+		link = NULL;
+		goto out_unlock;
 	}
 
+	link->tgt_prog = tgt_prog;
+	link->trampoline = tr;
+
+	/* Always clear the trampoline and target prog from prog->aux to make
+	 * sure the original attach destination is not kept alive after a
+	 * program is (re-)attached to another target.
+	 */
+	if (prog->aux->dst_prog &&
+	    (tgt_prog_fd || tr != prog->aux->dst_trampoline))
+		/* got extra prog ref from syscall, or attaching to different prog */
+		bpf_prog_put(prog->aux->dst_prog);
+	if (prog->aux->dst_trampoline && tr != prog->aux->dst_trampoline)
+		/* we allocated a new trampoline, so free the old one */
+		bpf_trampoline_put(prog->aux->dst_trampoline);
+
+	prog->aux->dst_prog = NULL;
+	prog->aux->dst_trampoline = NULL;
+	mutex_unlock(&prog->aux->dst_mutex);
+
 	return bpf_link_settle(&link_primer);
+out_unlock:
+	if (tr && tr != prog->aux->dst_trampoline)
+		bpf_trampoline_put(tr);
+	mutex_unlock(&prog->aux->dst_mutex);
+	kfree(link);
 out_put_prog:
+	if (tgt_prog_fd && tgt_prog)
+		bpf_prog_put(tgt_prog);
 	bpf_prog_put(prog);
 	return err;
 }
@@ -2710,7 +2830,7 @@ static int bpf_raw_tracepoint_open(const union bpf_attr *attr)
 			tp_name = prog->aux->attach_func_name;
 			break;
 		}
-		return bpf_tracing_prog_attach(prog);
+		return bpf_tracing_prog_attach(prog, 0, 0);
 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT:
 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT_WRITABLE:
 		if (strncpy_from_user(buf,
@@ -3894,10 +4014,15 @@ static int bpf_map_do_batch(const union bpf_attr *attr,
 
 static int tracing_bpf_link_attach(const union bpf_attr *attr, struct bpf_prog *prog)
 {
-	if (attr->link_create.attach_type == BPF_TRACE_ITER &&
-	    prog->expected_attach_type == BPF_TRACE_ITER)
-		return bpf_iter_link_attach(attr, prog);
+	if (attr->link_create.attach_type != prog->expected_attach_type)
+		return -EINVAL;
 
+	if (prog->expected_attach_type == BPF_TRACE_ITER)
+		return bpf_iter_link_attach(attr, prog);
+	else if (prog->type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT)
+		return bpf_tracing_prog_attach(prog,
+					       attr->link_create.target_fd,
+					       attr->link_create.target_btf_id);
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
@@ -3911,18 +4036,25 @@ static int link_create(union bpf_attr *attr)
 	if (CHECK_ATTR(BPF_LINK_CREATE))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	ptype = attach_type_to_prog_type(attr->link_create.attach_type);
-	if (ptype == BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC)
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	prog = bpf_prog_get_type(attr->link_create.prog_fd, ptype);
+	prog = bpf_prog_get(attr->link_create.prog_fd);
 	if (IS_ERR(prog))
 		return PTR_ERR(prog);
 
 	ret = bpf_prog_attach_check_attach_type(prog,
 						attr->link_create.attach_type);
 	if (ret)
-		goto err_out;
+		goto out;
+
+	if (prog->type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT) {
+		ret = tracing_bpf_link_attach(attr, prog);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	ptype = attach_type_to_prog_type(attr->link_create.attach_type);
+	if (ptype == BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC || ptype != prog->type) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
 
 	switch (ptype) {
 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB:
@@ -3950,7 +4082,7 @@ static int link_create(union bpf_attr *attr)
 		ret = -EINVAL;
 	}
 
-err_out:
+out:
 	if (ret < 0)
 		bpf_prog_put(prog);
 	return ret;

kernel/bpf/trampoline.c

@@ -261,14 +261,12 @@ static enum bpf_tramp_prog_type bpf_attach_type_to_tramp(struct bpf_prog *prog)
 	}
 }
 
-int bpf_trampoline_link_prog(struct bpf_prog *prog)
+int bpf_trampoline_link_prog(struct bpf_prog *prog, struct bpf_trampoline *tr)
 {
 	enum bpf_tramp_prog_type kind;
-	struct bpf_trampoline *tr;
 	int err = 0;
 	int cnt;
 
-	tr = prog->aux->trampoline;
 	kind = bpf_attach_type_to_tramp(prog);
 	mutex_lock(&tr->mutex);
 	if (tr->extension_prog) {
@@ -301,7 +299,7 @@ int bpf_trampoline_link_prog(struct bpf_prog *prog)
 	}
 	hlist_add_head(&prog->aux->tramp_hlist, &tr->progs_hlist[kind]);
 	tr->progs_cnt[kind]++;
-	err = bpf_trampoline_update(prog->aux->trampoline);
+	err = bpf_trampoline_update(tr);
 	if (err) {
 		hlist_del(&prog->aux->tramp_hlist);
 		tr->progs_cnt[kind]--;
@@ -312,13 +310,11 @@ int bpf_trampoline_link_prog(struct bpf_prog *prog)
 }
 
 /* bpf_trampoline_unlink_prog() should never fail. */
-int bpf_trampoline_unlink_prog(struct bpf_prog *prog)
+int bpf_trampoline_unlink_prog(struct bpf_prog *prog, struct bpf_trampoline *tr)
 {
 	enum bpf_tramp_prog_type kind;
-	struct bpf_trampoline *tr;
 	int err;
 
-	tr = prog->aux->trampoline;
 	kind = bpf_attach_type_to_tramp(prog);
 	mutex_lock(&tr->mutex);
 	if (kind == BPF_TRAMP_REPLACE) {
@@ -330,7 +326,7 @@ int bpf_trampoline_unlink_prog(struct bpf_prog *prog)
 	}
 	hlist_del(&prog->aux->tramp_hlist);
 	tr->progs_cnt[kind]--;
-	err = bpf_trampoline_update(prog->aux->trampoline);
+	err = bpf_trampoline_update(tr);
 out:
 	mutex_unlock(&tr->mutex);
 	return err;

kernel/bpf/verifier.c

@@ -2648,8 +2648,7 @@ static int check_map_access(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, u32 regno,
 
 static enum bpf_prog_type resolve_prog_type(struct bpf_prog *prog)
 {
-	return prog->aux->linked_prog ? prog->aux->linked_prog->type
-				      : prog->type;
+	return prog->aux->dst_prog ? prog->aux->dst_prog->type : prog->type;
 }
 
 static bool may_access_direct_pkt_data(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
@@ -11405,6 +11404,11 @@ int bpf_check_attach_target(struct bpf_verifier_log *log,
 		if (!btf_type_is_func_proto(t))
 			return -EINVAL;
 
+		if ((prog->aux->saved_dst_prog_type || prog->aux->saved_dst_attach_type) &&
+		    (!tgt_prog || prog->aux->saved_dst_prog_type != tgt_prog->type ||
+		     prog->aux->saved_dst_attach_type != tgt_prog->expected_attach_type))
+			return -EINVAL;
+
 		if (tgt_prog && conservative)
 			t = NULL;
 
@@ -11475,7 +11479,7 @@ int bpf_check_attach_target(struct bpf_verifier_log *log,
 static int check_attach_btf_id(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
 {
 	struct bpf_prog *prog = env->prog;
-	struct bpf_prog *tgt_prog = prog->aux->linked_prog;
+	struct bpf_prog *tgt_prog = prog->aux->dst_prog;
 	struct bpf_attach_target_info tgt_info = {};
 	u32 btf_id = prog->aux->attach_btf_id;
 	struct bpf_trampoline *tr;
@@ -11501,6 +11505,10 @@ static int check_attach_btf_id(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
 		return ret;
 
 	if (tgt_prog && prog->type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT) {
+		/* to make freplace equivalent to their targets, they need to
+		 * inherit env->ops and expected_attach_type for the rest of the
+		 * verification
+		 */
 		env->ops = bpf_verifier_ops[tgt_prog->type];
 		prog->expected_attach_type = tgt_prog->expected_attach_type;
 	}
@@ -11509,6 +11517,11 @@ static int check_attach_btf_id(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
 	prog->aux->attach_func_proto = tgt_info.tgt_type;
 	prog->aux->attach_func_name = tgt_info.tgt_name;
 
+	if (tgt_prog) {
+		prog->aux->saved_dst_prog_type = tgt_prog->type;
+		prog->aux->saved_dst_attach_type = tgt_prog->expected_attach_type;
+	}
+
 	if (prog->expected_attach_type == BPF_TRACE_RAW_TP) {
 		prog->aux->attach_btf_trace = true;
 		return 0;
@@ -11529,7 +11542,7 @@ static int check_attach_btf_id(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
 	if (!tr)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
-	prog->aux->trampoline = tr;
+	prog->aux->dst_trampoline = tr;
 	return 0;
 }
 

tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h

@@ -639,8 +639,13 @@ union bpf_attr {
 		};
 		__u32		attach_type;	/* attach type */
 		__u32		flags;		/* extra flags */
+		union {
+			__u32		target_btf_id;	/* btf_id of target to attach to */
+			struct {
 				__aligned_u64	iter_info;	/* extra bpf_iter_link_info */
 				__u32		iter_info_len;	/* iter_info length */
+			};
+		};
 	} link_create;
 
 	struct { /* struct used by BPF_LINK_UPDATE command */

tools/lib/bpf/bpf.c

@@ -586,19 +586,31 @@ int bpf_link_create(int prog_fd, int target_fd,
 		    enum bpf_attach_type attach_type,
 		    const struct bpf_link_create_opts *opts)
 {
+	__u32 target_btf_id, iter_info_len;
 	union bpf_attr attr;
 
 	if (!OPTS_VALID(opts, bpf_link_create_opts))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
+	iter_info_len = OPTS_GET(opts, iter_info_len, 0);
+	target_btf_id = OPTS_GET(opts, target_btf_id, 0);
+
+	if (iter_info_len && target_btf_id)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
 	memset(&attr, 0, sizeof(attr));
 	attr.link_create.prog_fd = prog_fd;
 	attr.link_create.target_fd = target_fd;
 	attr.link_create.attach_type = attach_type;
 	attr.link_create.flags = OPTS_GET(opts, flags, 0);
+
+	if (iter_info_len) {
 		attr.link_create.iter_info =
 			ptr_to_u64(OPTS_GET(opts, iter_info, (void *)0));
-	attr.link_create.iter_info_len = OPTS_GET(opts, iter_info_len, 0);
+		attr.link_create.iter_info_len = iter_info_len;
+	} else if (target_btf_id) {
+		attr.link_create.target_btf_id = target_btf_id;
+	}
 
 	return sys_bpf(BPF_LINK_CREATE, &attr, sizeof(attr));
 }

tools/lib/bpf/bpf.h

@@ -174,8 +174,9 @@ struct bpf_link_create_opts {
 	__u32 flags;
 	union bpf_iter_link_info *iter_info;
 	__u32 iter_info_len;
+	__u32 target_btf_id;
 };
-#define bpf_link_create_opts__last_field iter_info_len
+#define bpf_link_create_opts__last_field target_btf_id
 
 LIBBPF_API int bpf_link_create(int prog_fd, int target_fd,
 			       enum bpf_attach_type attach_type,

tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c

@@ -9390,9 +9390,11 @@ static struct bpf_link *attach_iter(const struct bpf_sec_def *sec,
 }
 
 static struct bpf_link *
-bpf_program__attach_fd(struct bpf_program *prog, int target_fd,
+bpf_program__attach_fd(struct bpf_program *prog, int target_fd, int btf_id,
 		       const char *target_name)
 {
+	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_link_create_opts, opts,
+			    .target_btf_id = btf_id);
 	enum bpf_attach_type attach_type;
 	char errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	struct bpf_link *link;
@@ -9410,7 +9412,7 @@ bpf_program__attach_fd(struct bpf_program *prog, int target_fd,
 	link->detach = &bpf_link__detach_fd;
 
 	attach_type = bpf_program__get_expected_attach_type(prog);
-	link_fd = bpf_link_create(prog_fd, target_fd, attach_type, NULL);
+	link_fd = bpf_link_create(prog_fd, target_fd, attach_type, &opts);
 	if (link_fd < 0) {
 		link_fd = -errno;
 		free(link);
@@ -9426,19 +9428,51 @@ bpf_program__attach_fd(struct bpf_program *prog, int target_fd,
 struct bpf_link *
 bpf_program__attach_cgroup(struct bpf_program *prog, int cgroup_fd)
 {
-	return bpf_program__attach_fd(prog, cgroup_fd, "cgroup");
+	return bpf_program__attach_fd(prog, cgroup_fd, 0, "cgroup");
 }
 
 struct bpf_link *
 bpf_program__attach_netns(struct bpf_program *prog, int netns_fd)
 {
-	return bpf_program__attach_fd(prog, netns_fd, "netns");
+	return bpf_program__attach_fd(prog, netns_fd, 0, "netns");
 }
 
 struct bpf_link *bpf_program__attach_xdp(struct bpf_program *prog, int ifindex)
 {
 	/* target_fd/target_ifindex use the same field in LINK_CREATE */
-	return bpf_program__attach_fd(prog, ifindex, "xdp");
+	return bpf_program__attach_fd(prog, ifindex, 0, "xdp");
+}
+
+struct bpf_link *bpf_program__attach_freplace(struct bpf_program *prog,
+					      int target_fd,
+					      const char *attach_func_name)
+{
+	int btf_id;
+
+	if (!!target_fd != !!attach_func_name) {
+		pr_warn("prog '%s': supply none or both of target_fd and attach_func_name\n",
+			prog->name);
+		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+	}
+
+	if (prog->type != BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT) {
+		pr_warn("prog '%s': only BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT can attach as freplace",
+			prog->name);
+		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+	}
+
+	if (target_fd) {
+		btf_id = libbpf_find_prog_btf_id(attach_func_name, target_fd);
+		if (btf_id < 0)
+			return ERR_PTR(btf_id);
+
+		return bpf_program__attach_fd(prog, target_fd, btf_id, "freplace");
+	} else {
+		/* no target, so use raw_tracepoint_open for compatibility
+		 * with old kernels
+		 */
+		return bpf_program__attach_trace(prog);
+	}
 }
 
 struct bpf_link *

tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.h

@@ -261,6 +261,9 @@ LIBBPF_API struct bpf_link *
 bpf_program__attach_netns(struct bpf_program *prog, int netns_fd);
 LIBBPF_API struct bpf_link *
 bpf_program__attach_xdp(struct bpf_program *prog, int ifindex);
+LIBBPF_API struct bpf_link *
+bpf_program__attach_freplace(struct bpf_program *prog,
+			     int target_fd, const char *attach_func_name);
 
 struct bpf_map;
 

tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.map

@@ -304,6 +304,7 @@ LIBBPF_0.2.0 {
 	global:
 		bpf_prog_bind_map;
 		bpf_prog_test_run_opts;
+		bpf_program__attach_freplace;
 		bpf_program__section_name;
 		btf__add_array;
 		btf__add_const;

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/fexit_bpf2bpf.c

@@ -2,36 +2,79 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2019 Facebook */
 #include <test_progs.h>
 #include <network_helpers.h>
+#include <bpf/btf.h>
+
+typedef int (*test_cb)(struct bpf_object *obj);
+
+static int check_data_map(struct bpf_object *obj, int prog_cnt, bool reset)
+{
+	struct bpf_map *data_map = NULL, *map;
+	__u64 *result = NULL;
+	const int zero = 0;
+	__u32 duration = 0;
+	int ret = -1, i;
+
+	result = malloc((prog_cnt + 32 /* spare */) * sizeof(__u64));
+	if (CHECK(!result, "alloc_memory", "failed to alloc memory"))
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	bpf_object__for_each_map(map, obj)
+		if (bpf_map__is_internal(map)) {
+			data_map = map;
+			break;
+		}
+	if (CHECK(!data_map, "find_data_map", "data map not found\n"))
+		goto out;
+
+	ret = bpf_map_lookup_elem(bpf_map__fd(data_map), &zero, result);
+	if (CHECK(ret, "get_result",
+		  "failed to get output data: %d\n", ret))
+		goto out;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < prog_cnt; i++) {
+		if (CHECK(result[i] != 1, "result",
+			  "fexit_bpf2bpf result[%d] failed err %llu\n",
+			  i, result[i]))
+			goto out;
+		result[i] = 0;
+	}
+	if (reset) {
+		ret = bpf_map_update_elem(bpf_map__fd(data_map), &zero, result, 0);
+		if (CHECK(ret, "reset_result", "failed to reset result\n"))
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	ret = 0;
+out:
+	free(result);
+	return ret;
+}
 
 static void test_fexit_bpf2bpf_common(const char *obj_file,
 				      const char *target_obj_file,
 				      int prog_cnt,
 				      const char **prog_name,
-				      bool run_prog)
+				      bool run_prog,
+				      test_cb cb)
 {
-	struct bpf_object *obj = NULL, *pkt_obj;
-	int err, pkt_fd, i;
-	struct bpf_link **link = NULL;
+	struct bpf_object *obj = NULL, *tgt_obj;
 	struct bpf_program **prog = NULL;
+	struct bpf_link **link = NULL;
 	__u32 duration = 0, retval;
-	struct bpf_map *data_map;
-	const int zero = 0;
-	__u64 *result = NULL;
+	int err, tgt_fd, i;
 
 	err = bpf_prog_load(target_obj_file, BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC,
-			    &pkt_obj, &pkt_fd);
+			    &tgt_obj, &tgt_fd);
 	if (CHECK(err, "tgt_prog_load", "file %s err %d errno %d\n",
 		  target_obj_file, err, errno))
 		return;
 	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_object_open_opts, opts,
-			    .attach_prog_fd = pkt_fd,
+			    .attach_prog_fd = tgt_fd,
 			   );
 
 	link = calloc(sizeof(struct bpf_link *), prog_cnt);
 	prog = calloc(sizeof(struct bpf_program *), prog_cnt);
-	result = malloc((prog_cnt + 32 /* spare */) * sizeof(__u64));
-	if (CHECK(!link || !prog || !result, "alloc_memory",
-		  "failed to alloc memory"))
+	if (CHECK(!link || !prog, "alloc_memory", "failed to alloc memory"))
 		goto close_prog;
 
 	obj = bpf_object__open_file(obj_file, &opts);
@@ -53,27 +96,22 @@ static void test_fexit_bpf2bpf_common(const char *obj_file,
 			goto close_prog;
 	}
 
-	if (!run_prog)
+	if (cb) {
+		err = cb(obj);
+		if (err)
 			goto close_prog;
+	}
 
-	data_map = bpf_object__find_map_by_name(obj, "fexit_bp.bss");
-	if (CHECK(!data_map, "find_data_map", "data map not found\n"))
+	if (!run_prog)
 		goto close_prog;
 
-	err = bpf_prog_test_run(pkt_fd, 1, &pkt_v6, sizeof(pkt_v6),
+	err = bpf_prog_test_run(tgt_fd, 1, &pkt_v6, sizeof(pkt_v6),
 				NULL, NULL, &retval, &duration);
 	CHECK(err || retval, "ipv6",
 	      "err %d errno %d retval %d duration %d\n",
 	      err, errno, retval, duration);
 
-	err = bpf_map_lookup_elem(bpf_map__fd(data_map), &zero, result);
-	if (CHECK(err, "get_result",
-		  "failed to get output data: %d\n", err))
-		goto close_prog;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < prog_cnt; i++)
-		if (CHECK(result[i] != 1, "result", "fexit_bpf2bpf failed err %llu\n",
-			  result[i]))
+	if (check_data_map(obj, prog_cnt, false))
 		goto close_prog;
 
 close_prog:
@@ -82,10 +120,9 @@ static void test_fexit_bpf2bpf_common(const char *obj_file,
 			bpf_link__destroy(link[i]);
 	if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(obj))
 		bpf_object__close(obj);
-	bpf_object__close(pkt_obj);
+	bpf_object__close(tgt_obj);
 	free(link);
 	free(prog);
-	free(result);
 }
 
 static void test_target_no_callees(void)
@@ -96,7 +133,7 @@ static void test_target_no_callees(void)
 	test_fexit_bpf2bpf_common("./fexit_bpf2bpf_simple.o",
 				  "./test_pkt_md_access.o",
 				  ARRAY_SIZE(prog_name),
-				  prog_name, true);
+				  prog_name, true, NULL);
 }
 
 static void test_target_yes_callees(void)
@@ -110,7 +147,7 @@ static void test_target_yes_callees(void)
 	test_fexit_bpf2bpf_common("./fexit_bpf2bpf.o",
 				  "./test_pkt_access.o",
 				  ARRAY_SIZE(prog_name),
-				  prog_name, true);
+				  prog_name, true, NULL);
 }
 
 static void test_func_replace(void)
@@ -128,7 +165,7 @@ static void test_func_replace(void)
 	test_fexit_bpf2bpf_common("./fexit_bpf2bpf.o",
 				  "./test_pkt_access.o",
 				  ARRAY_SIZE(prog_name),
-				  prog_name, true);
+				  prog_name, true, NULL);
 }
 
 static void test_func_replace_verify(void)
@@ -139,9 +176,116 @@ static void test_func_replace_verify(void)
 	test_fexit_bpf2bpf_common("./freplace_connect4.o",
 				  "./connect4_prog.o",
 				  ARRAY_SIZE(prog_name),
-				  prog_name, false);
+				  prog_name, false, NULL);
+}
+
+static int test_second_attach(struct bpf_object *obj)
+{
+	const char *prog_name = "freplace/get_constant";
+	const char *tgt_name = prog_name + 9; /* cut off freplace/ */
+	const char *tgt_obj_file = "./test_pkt_access.o";
+	struct bpf_program *prog = NULL;
+	struct bpf_object *tgt_obj;
+	__u32 duration = 0, retval;
+	struct bpf_link *link;
+	int err = 0, tgt_fd;
+
+	prog = bpf_object__find_program_by_title(obj, prog_name);
+	if (CHECK(!prog, "find_prog", "prog %s not found\n", prog_name))
+		return -ENOENT;
+
+	err = bpf_prog_load(tgt_obj_file, BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC,
+			    &tgt_obj, &tgt_fd);
+	if (CHECK(err, "second_prog_load", "file %s err %d errno %d\n",
+		  tgt_obj_file, err, errno))
+		return err;
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_freplace(prog, tgt_fd, tgt_name);
+	if (CHECK(IS_ERR(link), "second_link", "failed to attach second link prog_fd %d tgt_fd %d\n", bpf_program__fd(prog), tgt_fd))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = bpf_prog_test_run(tgt_fd, 1, &pkt_v6, sizeof(pkt_v6),
+				NULL, NULL, &retval, &duration);
+	if (CHECK(err || retval, "ipv6",
+		  "err %d errno %d retval %d duration %d\n",
+		  err, errno, retval, duration))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = check_data_map(obj, 1, true);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+out:
+	bpf_link__destroy(link);
+	bpf_object__close(tgt_obj);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void test_func_replace_multi(void)
+{
+	const char *prog_name[] = {
+		"freplace/get_constant",
+	};
+	test_fexit_bpf2bpf_common("./freplace_get_constant.o",
+				  "./test_pkt_access.o",
+				  ARRAY_SIZE(prog_name),
+				  prog_name, true, test_second_attach);
 }
 
+static void test_fmod_ret_freplace(void)
+{
+	struct bpf_object *freplace_obj = NULL, *pkt_obj, *fmod_obj = NULL;
+	const char *freplace_name = "./freplace_get_constant.o";
+	const char *fmod_ret_name = "./fmod_ret_freplace.o";
+	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_object_open_opts, opts);
+	const char *tgt_name = "./test_pkt_access.o";
+	struct bpf_link *freplace_link = NULL;
+	struct bpf_program *prog;
+	__u32 duration = 0;
+	int err, pkt_fd;
+
+	err = bpf_prog_load(tgt_name, BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC,
+			    &pkt_obj, &pkt_fd);
+	/* the target prog should load fine */
+	if (CHECK(err, "tgt_prog_load", "file %s err %d errno %d\n",
+		  tgt_name, err, errno))
+		return;
+	opts.attach_prog_fd = pkt_fd;
+
+	freplace_obj = bpf_object__open_file(freplace_name, &opts);
+	if (CHECK(IS_ERR_OR_NULL(freplace_obj), "freplace_obj_open",
+		  "failed to open %s: %ld\n", freplace_name,
+		  PTR_ERR(freplace_obj)))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = bpf_object__load(freplace_obj);
+	if (CHECK(err, "freplace_obj_load", "err %d\n", err))
+		goto out;
+
+	prog = bpf_program__next(NULL, freplace_obj);
+	freplace_link = bpf_program__attach_trace(prog);
+	if (CHECK(IS_ERR(freplace_link), "freplace_attach_trace", "failed to link\n"))
+		goto out;
+
+	opts.attach_prog_fd = bpf_program__fd(prog);
+	fmod_obj = bpf_object__open_file(fmod_ret_name, &opts);
+	if (CHECK(IS_ERR_OR_NULL(fmod_obj), "fmod_obj_open",
+		  "failed to open %s: %ld\n", fmod_ret_name,
+		  PTR_ERR(fmod_obj)))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = bpf_object__load(fmod_obj);
+	if (CHECK(!err, "fmod_obj_load", "loading fmod_ret should fail\n"))
+		goto out;
+
+out:
+	bpf_link__destroy(freplace_link);
+	bpf_object__close(freplace_obj);
+	bpf_object__close(fmod_obj);
+	bpf_object__close(pkt_obj);
+}
+
+
 static void test_func_sockmap_update(void)
 {
 	const char *prog_name[] = {
@@ -150,7 +294,7 @@ static void test_func_sockmap_update(void)
 	test_fexit_bpf2bpf_common("./freplace_cls_redirect.o",
 				  "./test_cls_redirect.o",
 				  ARRAY_SIZE(prog_name),
-				  prog_name, false);
+				  prog_name, false, NULL);
 }
 
 static void test_obj_load_failure_common(const char *obj_file,
@@ -222,4 +366,8 @@ void test_fexit_bpf2bpf(void)
 		test_func_replace_return_code();
 	if (test__start_subtest("func_map_prog_compatibility"))
 		test_func_map_prog_compatibility();
+	if (test__start_subtest("func_replace_multi"))
+		test_func_replace_multi();
+	if (test__start_subtest("fmod_ret_freplace"))
+		test_fmod_ret_freplace();
 }

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/trace_ext.c

+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <test_progs.h>
+#include <network_helpers.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+
+#include "test_pkt_md_access.skel.h"
+#include "test_trace_ext.skel.h"
+#include "test_trace_ext_tracing.skel.h"
+
+static __u32 duration;
+
+void test_trace_ext(void)
+{
+	struct test_pkt_md_access *skel_pkt = NULL;
+	struct test_trace_ext_tracing *skel_trace = NULL;
+	struct test_trace_ext_tracing__bss *bss_trace;
+	struct test_trace_ext *skel_ext = NULL;
+	struct test_trace_ext__bss *bss_ext;
+	int err, pkt_fd, ext_fd;
+	struct bpf_program *prog;
+	char buf[100];
+	__u32 retval;
+	__u64 len;
+
+	/* open/load/attach test_pkt_md_access */
+	skel_pkt = test_pkt_md_access__open_and_load();
+	if (CHECK(!skel_pkt, "setup", "classifier/test_pkt_md_access open failed\n"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	err = test_pkt_md_access__attach(skel_pkt);
+	if (CHECK(err, "setup", "classifier/test_pkt_md_access attach failed: %d\n", err))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	prog = skel_pkt->progs.test_pkt_md_access;
+	pkt_fd = bpf_program__fd(prog);
+
+	/* open extension */
+	skel_ext = test_trace_ext__open();
+	if (CHECK(!skel_ext, "setup", "freplace/test_pkt_md_access open failed\n"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	/* set extension's attach target - test_pkt_md_access  */
+	prog = skel_ext->progs.test_pkt_md_access_new;
+	bpf_program__set_attach_target(prog, pkt_fd, "test_pkt_md_access");
+
+	/* load/attach extension */
+	err = test_trace_ext__load(skel_ext);
+	if (CHECK(err, "setup", "freplace/test_pkt_md_access load failed\n")) {
+		libbpf_strerror(err, buf, sizeof(buf));
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", buf);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	err = test_trace_ext__attach(skel_ext);
+	if (CHECK(err, "setup", "freplace/test_pkt_md_access attach failed: %d\n", err))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	prog = skel_ext->progs.test_pkt_md_access_new;
+	ext_fd = bpf_program__fd(prog);
+
+	/* open tracing  */
+	skel_trace = test_trace_ext_tracing__open();
+	if (CHECK(!skel_trace, "setup", "tracing/test_pkt_md_access_new open failed\n"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	/* set tracing's attach target - fentry */
+	prog = skel_trace->progs.fentry;
+	bpf_program__set_attach_target(prog, ext_fd, "test_pkt_md_access_new");
+
+	/* set tracing's attach target - fexit */
+	prog = skel_trace->progs.fexit;
+	bpf_program__set_attach_target(prog, ext_fd, "test_pkt_md_access_new");
+
+	/* load/attach tracing */
+	err = test_trace_ext_tracing__load(skel_trace);
+	if (CHECK(err, "setup", "tracing/test_pkt_md_access_new load failed\n")) {
+		libbpf_strerror(err, buf, sizeof(buf));
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", buf);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	err = test_trace_ext_tracing__attach(skel_trace);
+	if (CHECK(err, "setup", "tracing/test_pkt_md_access_new attach failed: %d\n", err))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	/* trigger the test */
+	err = bpf_prog_test_run(pkt_fd, 1, &pkt_v4, sizeof(pkt_v4),
+				NULL, NULL, &retval, &duration);
+	CHECK(err || retval, "run", "err %d errno %d retval %d\n", err, errno, retval);
+
+	bss_ext = skel_ext->bss;
+	bss_trace = skel_trace->bss;
+
+	len = bss_ext->ext_called;
+
+	CHECK(bss_ext->ext_called == 0,
+		"check", "failed to trigger freplace/test_pkt_md_access\n");
+	CHECK(bss_trace->fentry_called != len,
+		"check", "failed to trigger fentry/test_pkt_md_access_new\n");
+	CHECK(bss_trace->fexit_called != len,
+		"check", "failed to trigger fexit/test_pkt_md_access_new\n");
+
+cleanup:
+	test_trace_ext_tracing__destroy(skel_trace);
+	test_trace_ext__destroy(skel_ext);
+	test_pkt_md_access__destroy(skel_pkt);
+}

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/fmod_ret_freplace.c

+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h>
+#include <bpf/bpf_tracing.h>
+
+volatile __u64 test_fmod_ret = 0;
+SEC("fmod_ret/security_new_get_constant")
+int BPF_PROG(fmod_ret_test, long val, int ret)
+{
+	test_fmod_ret = 1;
+	return 120;
+}
+
+char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/freplace_get_constant.c

+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h>
+#include <bpf/bpf_endian.h>
+
+volatile __u64 test_get_constant = 0;
+SEC("freplace/get_constant")
+int security_new_get_constant(long val)
+{
+	if (val != 123)
+		return 0;
+	test_get_constant = 1;
+	return test_get_constant; /* original get_constant() returns val - 122 */
+}
+char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_trace_ext.c

+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+// Copyright (c) 2019 Facebook
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h>
+#include <bpf/bpf_endian.h>
+#include <bpf/bpf_tracing.h>
+
+__u64 ext_called = 0;
+
+SEC("freplace/test_pkt_md_access")
+int test_pkt_md_access_new(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	ext_called = skb->len;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_trace_ext_tracing.c

+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+#include "vmlinux.h"
+#include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h>
+#include <bpf/bpf_tracing.h>
+
+__u64 fentry_called = 0;
+
+SEC("fentry/test_pkt_md_access_new")
+int BPF_PROG(fentry, struct sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	fentry_called = skb->len;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+__u64 fexit_called = 0;
+
+SEC("fexit/test_pkt_md_access_new")
+int BPF_PROG(fexit, struct sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	fexit_called = skb->len;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";