perf annotate-data: Support stack variables

Local variables are allocated in the stack and the location list
should look like base register(s) and an offset.  Extend the
die_find_variable_by_reg() to handle the following expressions

 * DW_OP_breg{0..31}
 * DW_OP_bregx
 * DW_OP_fbreg

Ususally DWARF subprogram entries have frame base information and
use it to locate stack variable like below:

 <2><43d1575>: Abbrev Number: 62 (DW_TAG_variable)
    <43d1576>   DW_AT_location    : 2 byte block: 91 7c         (DW_OP_fbreg: -4)  <--- here
    <43d1579>   DW_AT_name        : (indirect string, offset: 0x2c00c9): i
    <43d157d>   DW_AT_decl_file   : 1
    <43d157e>   DW_AT_decl_line   : 78
    <43d157f>   DW_AT_type        : <0x43d19d7>

I found some differences on saving the frame base between gcc and clang.
The gcc uses the CFA to get the base so it needs to check the current
frame's CFI info.  In this case, stack offset needs to be adjusted from
the start of the CFA.

 <1><1bb8d>: Abbrev Number: 102 (DW_TAG_subprogram)
    <1bb8e>   DW_AT_name        : (indirect string, offset: 0x74d41): kernel_init
    <1bb92>   DW_AT_decl_file   : 2
    <1bb92>   DW_AT_decl_line   : 1440
    <1bb94>   DW_AT_decl_column : 18
    <1bb95>   DW_AT_prototyped  : 1
    <1bb95>   DW_AT_type        : <0xcc>
    <1bb99>   DW_AT_low_pc      : 0xffffffff81bab9e0
    <1bba1>   DW_AT_high_pc     : 0x1b2
    <1bba9>   DW_AT_frame_base  : 1 byte block: 9c      (DW_OP_call_frame_cfa)  <------ here
    <1bbab>   DW_AT_call_all_calls: 1
    <1bbab>   DW_AT_sibling     : <0x1bf5a>

While clang sets it to a register directly and it can check the register
and offset in the instruction directly.

 <1><43d1542>: Abbrev Number: 60 (DW_TAG_subprogram)
    <43d1543>   DW_AT_low_pc      : 0xffffffff816a7c60
    <43d154b>   DW_AT_high_pc     : 0x98
    <43d154f>   DW_AT_frame_base  : 1 byte block: 56    (DW_OP_reg6 (rbp))  <---------- here
    <43d1551>   DW_AT_GNU_all_call_sites: 1
    <43d1551>   DW_AT_name        : (indirect string, offset: 0x3bce91): foo
    <43d1555>   DW_AT_decl_file   : 1
    <43d1556>   DW_AT_decl_line   : 75
    <43d1557>   DW_AT_prototyped  : 1
    <43d1557>   DW_AT_type        : <0x43c7332>
    <43d155b>   DW_AT_external    : 1

Also it needs to update the offset after finding the type like global
variables since the offset was from the frame base.  Factor out
match_var_offset() to check global and local variables in the same way.

The type stats are improved too:

  Annotate data type stats:
  total 294, ok 160 (54.4%), bad 134 (45.6%)
  -----------------------------------------------------------
          30 : no_sym
          32 : no_mem_ops
          51 : no_var
          14 : no_typeinfo
           7 : bad_offset
Reviewed-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240117062657.985479-9-namhyung@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>

tools/perf/util/annotate-data.c

@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ static int check_variable(Dwarf_Die *var_die, Dwarf_Die *type_die, int offset,
 	/*
 	 * Usually it expects a pointer type for a memory access.
 	 * Convert to a real type it points to.  But global variables
-	 * are accessed directly without a pointer.
+	 * and local variables are accessed directly without a pointer.
 	 */
 	if (is_pointer) {
 		if ((dwarf_tag(type_die) != DW_TAG_pointer_type &&
@@ -248,6 +248,9 @@ static int find_data_type_die(struct debuginfo *di, u64 pc, u64 addr,
 	int reg, offset;
 	int ret = -1;
 	int i, nr_scopes;
+	int fbreg = -1;
+	bool is_fbreg = false;
+	int fb_offset = 0;
 
 	/* Get a compile_unit for this address */
 	if (!find_cu_die(di, pc, &cu_die)) {
@@ -279,7 +282,33 @@ static int find_data_type_die(struct debuginfo *di, u64 pc, u64 addr,
 	/* Get a list of nested scopes - i.e. (inlined) functions and blocks. */
 	nr_scopes = die_get_scopes(&cu_die, pc, &scopes);
 
+	if (reg != DWARF_REG_PC && dwarf_hasattr(&scopes[0], DW_AT_frame_base)) {
+		Dwarf_Attribute attr;
+		Dwarf_Block block;
+
+		/* Check if the 'reg' is assigned as frame base register */
+		if (dwarf_attr(&scopes[0], DW_AT_frame_base, &attr) != NULL &&
+		    dwarf_formblock(&attr, &block) == 0 && block.length == 1) {
+			switch (*block.data) {
+			case DW_OP_reg0 ... DW_OP_reg31:
+				fbreg = *block.data - DW_OP_reg0;
+				break;
+			case DW_OP_call_frame_cfa:
+				if (die_get_cfa(di->dbg, pc, &fbreg,
+						&fb_offset) < 0)
+					fbreg = -1;
+				break;
+			default:
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 retry:
+	is_fbreg = (reg == fbreg);
+	if (is_fbreg)
+		offset = loc->offset - fb_offset;
+
 	/* Search from the inner-most scope to the outer */
 	for (i = nr_scopes - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
 		if (reg == DWARF_REG_PC) {
@@ -289,13 +318,13 @@ static int find_data_type_die(struct debuginfo *di, u64 pc, u64 addr,
 		} else {
 			/* Look up variables/parameters in this scope */
 			if (!die_find_variable_by_reg(&scopes[i], pc, reg,
-						      &var_die))
+						      &offset, is_fbreg, &var_die))
 				continue;
 		}
 
 		/* Found a variable, see if it's correct */
 		ret = check_variable(&var_die, type_die, offset,
-				     reg != DWARF_REG_PC);
+				     reg != DWARF_REG_PC && !is_fbreg);
 		loc->offset = offset;
 		goto out;
 	}

tools/perf/util/dwarf-aux.c

@@ -1272,11 +1272,39 @@ struct find_var_data {
 	unsigned reg;
 	/* Access offset, set for global data */
 	int offset;
+	/* True if the current register is the frame base */
+	bool is_fbreg;
 };
 
 /* Max number of registers DW_OP_regN supports */
 #define DWARF_OP_DIRECT_REGS  32
 
+static bool match_var_offset(Dwarf_Die *die_mem, struct find_var_data *data,
+			     u64 addr_offset, u64 addr_type)
+{
+	Dwarf_Die type_die;
+	Dwarf_Word size;
+
+	if (addr_offset == addr_type) {
+		/* Update offset relative to the start of the variable */
+		data->offset = 0;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	if (die_get_real_type(die_mem, &type_die) == NULL)
+		return false;
+
+	if (dwarf_aggregate_size(&type_die, &size) < 0)
+		return false;
+
+	if (addr_offset >= addr_type + size)
+		return false;
+
+	/* Update offset relative to the start of the variable */
+	data->offset = addr_offset - addr_type;
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* Only checks direct child DIEs in the given scope. */
 static int __die_find_var_reg_cb(Dwarf_Die *die_mem, void *arg)
 {
@@ -1301,14 +1329,30 @@ static int __die_find_var_reg_cb(Dwarf_Die *die_mem, void *arg)
 		if (start > data->pc)
 			break;
 
+		/* Local variables accessed using frame base register */
+		if (data->is_fbreg && ops->atom == DW_OP_fbreg &&
+		    data->offset >= (int)ops->number &&
+		    match_var_offset(die_mem, data, data->offset, ops->number))
+			return DIE_FIND_CB_END;
+
 		/* Only match with a simple case */
 		if (data->reg < DWARF_OP_DIRECT_REGS) {
 			if (ops->atom == (DW_OP_reg0 + data->reg) && nops == 1)
 				return DIE_FIND_CB_END;
+
+			/* Local variables accessed by a register + offset */
+			if (ops->atom == (DW_OP_breg0 + data->reg) &&
+			    match_var_offset(die_mem, data, data->offset, ops->number))
+				return DIE_FIND_CB_END;
 		} else {
 			if (ops->atom == DW_OP_regx && ops->number == data->reg &&
 			    nops == 1)
 				return DIE_FIND_CB_END;
+
+			/* Local variables accessed by a register + offset */
+			if (ops->atom == DW_OP_bregx && data->reg == ops->number &&
+			    match_var_offset(die_mem, data, data->offset, ops->number2))
+				return DIE_FIND_CB_END;
 		}
 	}
 	return DIE_FIND_CB_SIBLING;
@@ -1319,18 +1363,29 @@ static int __die_find_var_reg_cb(Dwarf_Die *die_mem, void *arg)
  * @sc_die: a scope DIE
  * @pc: the program address to find
  * @reg: the register number to find
+ * @poffset: pointer to offset, will be updated for fbreg case
+ * @is_fbreg: boolean value if the current register is the frame base
  * @die_mem: a buffer to save the resulting DIE
  *
- * Find the variable DIE accessed by the given register.
+ * Find the variable DIE accessed by the given register.  It'll update the @offset
+ * when the variable is in the stack.
  */
 Dwarf_Die *die_find_variable_by_reg(Dwarf_Die *sc_die, Dwarf_Addr pc, int reg,
+				    int *poffset, bool is_fbreg,
 				    Dwarf_Die *die_mem)
 {
 	struct find_var_data data = {
 		.pc = pc,
 		.reg = reg,
+		.offset = *poffset,
+		.is_fbreg = is_fbreg,
 	};
-	return die_find_child(sc_die, __die_find_var_reg_cb, &data, die_mem);
+	Dwarf_Die *result;
+
+	result = die_find_child(sc_die, __die_find_var_reg_cb, &data, die_mem);
+	if (result)
+		*poffset = data.offset;
+	return result;
 }
 
 /* Only checks direct child DIEs in the given scope */
@@ -1341,8 +1396,6 @@ static int __die_find_var_addr_cb(Dwarf_Die *die_mem, void *arg)
 	ptrdiff_t off = 0;
 	Dwarf_Attribute attr;
 	Dwarf_Addr base, start, end;
-	Dwarf_Word size;
-	Dwarf_Die type_die;
 	Dwarf_Op *ops;
 	size_t nops;
 
@@ -1359,23 +1412,7 @@ static int __die_find_var_addr_cb(Dwarf_Die *die_mem, void *arg)
 		if (data->addr < ops->number)
 			continue;
 
-		if (data->addr == ops->number) {
-			/* Update offset relative to the start of the variable */
-			data->offset = 0;
-			return DIE_FIND_CB_END;
-		}
-
-		if (die_get_real_type(die_mem, &type_die) == NULL)
-			continue;
-
-		if (dwarf_aggregate_size(&type_die, &size) < 0)
-			continue;
-
-		if (data->addr >= ops->number + size)
-			continue;
-
-		/* Update offset relative to the start of the variable */
-		data->offset = data->addr - ops->number;
+		if (match_var_offset(die_mem, data, data->addr, ops->number))
 			return DIE_FIND_CB_END;
 	}
 	return DIE_FIND_CB_SIBLING;

tools/perf/util/dwarf-aux.h

@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ int die_get_var_range(Dwarf_Die *sp_die, Dwarf_Die *vr_die, struct strbuf *buf);
 
 /* Find a variable saved in the 'reg' at given address */
 Dwarf_Die *die_find_variable_by_reg(Dwarf_Die *sc_die, Dwarf_Addr pc, int reg,
+				    int *poffset, bool is_fbreg,
 				    Dwarf_Die *die_mem);
 
 /* Find a (global) variable located in the 'addr' */
@@ -161,6 +162,8 @@ static inline int die_get_var_range(Dwarf_Die *sp_die __maybe_unused,
 static inline Dwarf_Die *die_find_variable_by_reg(Dwarf_Die *sc_die __maybe_unused,
 						  Dwarf_Addr pc __maybe_unused,
 						  int reg __maybe_unused,
+						  int *poffset __maybe_unused,
+						  bool is_fbreg __maybe_unused,
 						  Dwarf_Die *die_mem __maybe_unused)
 {
 	return NULL;