bpf: Factorize bpf_trace_printk and bpf_seq_printf

Two helpers (trace_printk and seq_printf) have very similar
implementations of format string parsing and a third one is coming
(snprintf). To avoid code duplication and make the code easier to
maintain, this moves the operations associated with format string
parsing (validation and argument sanitization) into one generic
function.

The implementation of the two existing helpers already drifted quite a
bit so unifying them entailed a lot of changes:

- bpf_trace_printk always expected fmt[fmt_size] to be the terminating
  NULL character, this is no longer true, the first 0 is terminating.
- bpf_trace_printk now supports %% (which produces the percentage char).
- bpf_trace_printk now skips width formating fields.
- bpf_trace_printk now supports the X modifier (capital hexadecimal).
- bpf_trace_printk now supports %pK, %px, %pB, %pi4, %pI4, %pi6 and %pI6
- argument casting on 32 bit has been simplified into one macro and
  using an enum instead of obscure int increments.

- bpf_seq_printf now uses bpf_trace_copy_string instead of
  strncpy_from_kernel_nofault and handles the %pks %pus specifiers.
- bpf_seq_printf now prints longs correctly on 32 bit architectures.

- both were changed to use a global per-cpu tmp buffer instead of one
  stack buffer for trace_printk and 6 small buffers for seq_printf.
- to avoid per-cpu buffer usage conflict, these helpers disable
  preemption while the per-cpu buffer is in use.
- both helpers now support the %ps and %pS specifiers to print symbols.

The implementation is also moved from bpf_trace.c to helpers.c because
the upcoming bpf_snprintf helper will be made available to all BPF
programs and will need it.
Signed-off-by: Florent Revest <revest@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210419155243.1632274-2-revest@chromium.org

include/linux/bpf.h

@@ -2077,4 +2077,24 @@ int bpf_arch_text_poke(void *ip, enum bpf_text_poke_type t,
 struct btf_id_set;
 bool btf_id_set_contains(const struct btf_id_set *set, u32 id);
 
+enum bpf_printf_mod_type {
+	BPF_PRINTF_INT,
+	BPF_PRINTF_LONG,
+	BPF_PRINTF_LONG_LONG,
+};
+
+/* Workaround for getting va_list handling working with different argument type
+ * combinations generically for 32 and 64 bit archs.
+ */
+#define BPF_CAST_FMT_ARG(arg_nb, args, mod)				\
+	(mod[arg_nb] == BPF_PRINTF_LONG_LONG ||				\
+	 (mod[arg_nb] == BPF_PRINTF_LONG && __BITS_PER_LONG == 64)	\
+	  ? (u64)args[arg_nb]						\
+	  : (u32)args[arg_nb])
+
+int bpf_printf_prepare(char *fmt, u32 fmt_size, const u64 *raw_args,
+		       u64 *final_args, enum bpf_printf_mod_type *mod,
+		       u32 num_args);
+void bpf_printf_cleanup(void);
+
 #endif /* _LINUX_BPF_H */

kernel/bpf/helpers.c

@@ -669,6 +669,262 @@ const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_this_cpu_ptr_proto = {
 	.arg1_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_PERCPU_BTF_ID,
 };
 
+static int bpf_trace_copy_string(char *buf, void *unsafe_ptr, char fmt_ptype,
+		size_t bufsz)
+{
+	void __user *user_ptr = (__force void __user *)unsafe_ptr;
+
+	buf[0] = 0;
+
+	switch (fmt_ptype) {
+	case 's':
+#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_NON_OVERLAPPING_ADDRESS_SPACE
+		if ((unsigned long)unsafe_ptr < TASK_SIZE)
+			return strncpy_from_user_nofault(buf, user_ptr, bufsz);
+		fallthrough;
+#endif
+	case 'k':
+		return strncpy_from_kernel_nofault(buf, unsafe_ptr, bufsz);
+	case 'u':
+		return strncpy_from_user_nofault(buf, user_ptr, bufsz);
+	}
+
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+/* Per-cpu temp buffers which can be used by printf-like helpers for %s or %p
+ */
+#define MAX_PRINTF_BUF_LEN	512
+
+struct bpf_printf_buf {
+	char tmp_buf[MAX_PRINTF_BUF_LEN];
+};
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct bpf_printf_buf, bpf_printf_buf);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, bpf_printf_buf_used);
+
+static int try_get_fmt_tmp_buf(char **tmp_buf)
+{
+	struct bpf_printf_buf *bufs;
+	int used;
+
+	if (*tmp_buf)
+		return 0;
+
+	preempt_disable();
+	used = this_cpu_inc_return(bpf_printf_buf_used);
+	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(used > 1)) {
+		this_cpu_dec(bpf_printf_buf_used);
+		preempt_enable();
+		return -EBUSY;
+	}
+	bufs = this_cpu_ptr(&bpf_printf_buf);
+	*tmp_buf = bufs->tmp_buf;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void bpf_printf_cleanup(void)
+{
+	if (this_cpu_read(bpf_printf_buf_used)) {
+		this_cpu_dec(bpf_printf_buf_used);
+		preempt_enable();
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * bpf_parse_fmt_str - Generic pass on format strings for printf-like helpers
+ *
+ * Returns a negative value if fmt is an invalid format string or 0 otherwise.
+ *
+ * This can be used in two ways:
+ * - Format string verification only: when final_args and mod are NULL
+ * - Arguments preparation: in addition to the above verification, it writes in
+ *   final_args a copy of raw_args where pointers from BPF have been sanitized
+ *   into pointers safe to use by snprintf. This also writes in the mod array
+ *   the size requirement of each argument, usable by BPF_CAST_FMT_ARG for ex.
+ *
+ * In argument preparation mode, if 0 is returned, safe temporary buffers are
+ * allocated and bpf_printf_cleanup should be called to free them after use.
+ */
+int bpf_printf_prepare(char *fmt, u32 fmt_size, const u64 *raw_args,
+			u64 *final_args, enum bpf_printf_mod_type *mod,
+			u32 num_args)
+{
+	char *unsafe_ptr = NULL, *tmp_buf = NULL, *fmt_end;
+	size_t tmp_buf_len = MAX_PRINTF_BUF_LEN;
+	int err, i, num_spec = 0, copy_size;
+	enum bpf_printf_mod_type cur_mod;
+	u64 cur_arg;
+	char fmt_ptype;
+
+	if (!!final_args != !!mod)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	fmt_end = strnchr(fmt, fmt_size, 0);
+	if (!fmt_end)
+		return -EINVAL;
+	fmt_size = fmt_end - fmt;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < fmt_size; i++) {
+		if ((!isprint(fmt[i]) && !isspace(fmt[i])) || !isascii(fmt[i])) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+
+		if (fmt[i] != '%')
+			continue;
+
+		if (fmt[i + 1] == '%') {
+			i++;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (num_spec >= num_args) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+
+		/* The string is zero-terminated so if fmt[i] != 0, we can
+		 * always access fmt[i + 1], in the worst case it will be a 0
+		 */
+		i++;
+
+		/* skip optional "[0 +-][num]" width formatting field */
+		while (fmt[i] == '0' || fmt[i] == '+'  || fmt[i] == '-' ||
+		       fmt[i] == ' ')
+			i++;
+		if (fmt[i] >= '1' && fmt[i] <= '9') {
+			i++;
+			while (fmt[i] >= '0' && fmt[i] <= '9')
+				i++;
+		}
+
+		if (fmt[i] == 'p') {
+			cur_mod = BPF_PRINTF_LONG;
+
+			if ((fmt[i + 1] == 'k' || fmt[i + 1] == 'u') &&
+			    fmt[i + 2] == 's') {
+				fmt_ptype = fmt[i + 1];
+				i += 2;
+				goto fmt_str;
+			}
+
+			if (fmt[i + 1] == 0 || isspace(fmt[i + 1]) ||
+			    ispunct(fmt[i + 1]) || fmt[i + 1] == 'K' ||
+			    fmt[i + 1] == 'x' || fmt[i + 1] == 'B' ||
+			    fmt[i + 1] == 's' || fmt[i + 1] == 'S') {
+				/* just kernel pointers */
+				if (final_args)
+					cur_arg = raw_args[num_spec];
+				goto fmt_next;
+			}
+
+			/* only support "%pI4", "%pi4", "%pI6" and "%pi6". */
+			if ((fmt[i + 1] != 'i' && fmt[i + 1] != 'I') ||
+			    (fmt[i + 2] != '4' && fmt[i + 2] != '6')) {
+				err = -EINVAL;
+				goto cleanup;
+			}
+
+			i += 2;
+			if (!final_args)
+				goto fmt_next;
+
+			if (try_get_fmt_tmp_buf(&tmp_buf)) {
+				err = -EBUSY;
+				goto out;
+			}
+
+			copy_size = (fmt[i + 2] == '4') ? 4 : 16;
+			if (tmp_buf_len < copy_size) {
+				err = -ENOSPC;
+				goto cleanup;
+			}
+
+			unsafe_ptr = (char *)(long)raw_args[num_spec];
+			err = copy_from_kernel_nofault(tmp_buf, unsafe_ptr,
+						       copy_size);
+			if (err < 0)
+				memset(tmp_buf, 0, copy_size);
+			cur_arg = (u64)(long)tmp_buf;
+			tmp_buf += copy_size;
+			tmp_buf_len -= copy_size;
+
+			goto fmt_next;
+		} else if (fmt[i] == 's') {
+			cur_mod = BPF_PRINTF_LONG;
+			fmt_ptype = fmt[i];
+fmt_str:
+			if (fmt[i + 1] != 0 &&
+			    !isspace(fmt[i + 1]) &&
+			    !ispunct(fmt[i + 1])) {
+				err = -EINVAL;
+				goto cleanup;
+			}
+
+			if (!final_args)
+				goto fmt_next;
+
+			if (try_get_fmt_tmp_buf(&tmp_buf)) {
+				err = -EBUSY;
+				goto out;
+			}
+
+			if (!tmp_buf_len) {
+				err = -ENOSPC;
+				goto cleanup;
+			}
+
+			unsafe_ptr = (char *)(long)raw_args[num_spec];
+			err = bpf_trace_copy_string(tmp_buf, unsafe_ptr,
+						    fmt_ptype, tmp_buf_len);
+			if (err < 0) {
+				tmp_buf[0] = '\0';
+				err = 1;
+			}
+
+			cur_arg = (u64)(long)tmp_buf;
+			tmp_buf += err;
+			tmp_buf_len -= err;
+
+			goto fmt_next;
+		}
+
+		cur_mod = BPF_PRINTF_INT;
+
+		if (fmt[i] == 'l') {
+			cur_mod = BPF_PRINTF_LONG;
+			i++;
+		}
+		if (fmt[i] == 'l') {
+			cur_mod = BPF_PRINTF_LONG_LONG;
+			i++;
+		}
+
+		if (fmt[i] != 'i' && fmt[i] != 'd' && fmt[i] != 'u' &&
+		    fmt[i] != 'x' && fmt[i] != 'X') {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+
+		if (final_args)
+			cur_arg = raw_args[num_spec];
+fmt_next:
+		if (final_args) {
+			mod[num_spec] = cur_mod;
+			final_args[num_spec] = cur_arg;
+		}
+		num_spec++;
+	}
+
+	err = 0;
+cleanup:
+	if (err)
+		bpf_printf_cleanup();
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
 const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_current_task_proto __weak;
 const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_probe_read_user_proto __weak;
 const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_probe_read_user_str_proto __weak;