locking/rtmutex: Fix task->pi_waiters integrity

Henry reported that rt_mutex_adjust_prio_check() has an ordering
problem and puts the lie to the comment in [7]. Sharing the sort key
between lock->waiters and owner->pi_waiters *does* create problems,
since unlike what the comment claims, holding [L] is insufficient.

Notably, consider:

	A
      /   \
     M1   M2
     |     |
     B     C

That is, task A owns both M1 and M2, B and C block on them. In this
case a concurrent chain walk (B & C) will modify their resp. sort keys
in [7] while holding M1->wait_lock and M2->wait_lock. So holding [L]
is meaningless, they're different Ls.

This then gives rise to a race condition between [7] and [11], where
the requeue of pi_waiters will observe an inconsistent tree order.

	B				C

  (holds M1->wait_lock,		(holds M2->wait_lock,
   holds B->pi_lock)		 holds A->pi_lock)

  [7]
  waiter_update_prio();
  ...
  [8]
  raw_spin_unlock(B->pi_lock);
  ...
  [10]
  raw_spin_lock(A->pi_lock);

				[11]
				rt_mutex_enqueue_pi();
				// observes inconsistent A->pi_waiters
				// tree order

Fixing this means either extending the range of the owner lock from
[10-13] to [6-13], with the immediate problem that this means [6-8]
hold both blocked and owner locks, or duplicating the sort key.

Since the locking in chain walk is horrible enough without having to
consider pi_lock nesting rules, duplicate the sort key instead.

By giving each tree their own sort key, the above race becomes
harmless, if C sees B at the old location, then B will correct things
(if they need correcting) when it walks up the chain and reaches A.

Fixes: fb00aca4 ("rtmutex: Turn the plist into an rb-tree")
Reported-by: Henry Wu <triangletrap12@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Tested-by: Henry Wu <triangletrap12@gmail.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230707161052.GF2883469%40hirez.programming.kicks-ass.net

kernel/locking/rtmutex_api.c

@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ void __sched rt_mutex_adjust_pi(struct task_struct *task)
 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&task->pi_lock, flags);
 
 	waiter = task->pi_blocked_on;
-	if (!waiter || rt_mutex_waiter_equal(waiter, task_to_waiter(task))) {
+	if (!waiter || rt_waiter_node_equal(&waiter->tree, task_to_waiter_node(task))) {
 		raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&task->pi_lock, flags);
 		return;
 	}

kernel/locking/rtmutex_common.h

@@ -17,27 +17,44 @@
 #include <linux/rtmutex.h>
 #include <linux/sched/wake_q.h>
 
+
+/*
+ * This is a helper for the struct rt_mutex_waiter below. A waiter goes in two
+ * separate trees and they need their own copy of the sort keys because of
+ * different locking requirements.
+ *
+ * @entry:		rbtree node to enqueue into the waiters tree
+ * @prio:		Priority of the waiter
+ * @deadline:		Deadline of the waiter if applicable
+ *
+ * See rt_waiter_node_less() and waiter_*_prio().
+ */
+struct rt_waiter_node {
+	struct rb_node	entry;
+	int		prio;
+	u64		deadline;
+};
+
 /*
  * This is the control structure for tasks blocked on a rt_mutex,
  * which is allocated on the kernel stack on of the blocked task.
  *
- * @tree_entry:		pi node to enqueue into the mutex waiters tree
- * @pi_tree_entry:	pi node to enqueue into the mutex owner waiters tree
+ * @tree:		node to enqueue into the mutex waiters tree
+ * @pi_tree:		node to enqueue into the mutex owner waiters tree
  * @task:		task reference to the blocked task
  * @lock:		Pointer to the rt_mutex on which the waiter blocks
  * @wake_state:		Wakeup state to use (TASK_NORMAL or TASK_RTLOCK_WAIT)
- * @prio:		Priority of the waiter
- * @deadline:		Deadline of the waiter if applicable
  * @ww_ctx:		WW context pointer
+ *
+ * @tree is ordered by @lock->wait_lock
+ * @pi_tree is ordered by rt_mutex_owner(@lock)->pi_lock
  */
 struct rt_mutex_waiter {
-	struct rb_node		tree_entry;
-	struct rb_node		pi_tree_entry;
+	struct rt_waiter_node	tree;
+	struct rt_waiter_node	pi_tree;
 	struct task_struct	*task;
 	struct rt_mutex_base	*lock;
 	unsigned int		wake_state;
-	int			prio;
-	u64			deadline;
 	struct ww_acquire_ctx	*ww_ctx;
 };
 
@@ -105,7 +122,7 @@ static inline bool rt_mutex_waiter_is_top_waiter(struct rt_mutex_base *lock,
 {
 	struct rb_node *leftmost = rb_first_cached(&lock->waiters);
 
-	return rb_entry(leftmost, struct rt_mutex_waiter, tree_entry) == waiter;
+	return rb_entry(leftmost, struct rt_mutex_waiter, tree.entry) == waiter;
 }
 
 static inline struct rt_mutex_waiter *rt_mutex_top_waiter(struct rt_mutex_base *lock)
@@ -113,8 +130,10 @@ static inline struct rt_mutex_waiter *rt_mutex_top_waiter(struct rt_mutex_base *
 	struct rb_node *leftmost = rb_first_cached(&lock->waiters);
 	struct rt_mutex_waiter *w = NULL;
 
+	lockdep_assert_held(&lock->wait_lock);
+
 	if (leftmost) {
-		w = rb_entry(leftmost, struct rt_mutex_waiter, tree_entry);
+		w = rb_entry(leftmost, struct rt_mutex_waiter, tree.entry);
 		BUG_ON(w->lock != lock);
 	}
 	return w;
@@ -127,8 +146,10 @@ static inline int task_has_pi_waiters(struct task_struct *p)
 
 static inline struct rt_mutex_waiter *task_top_pi_waiter(struct task_struct *p)
 {
+	lockdep_assert_held(&p->pi_lock);
+
 	return rb_entry(p->pi_waiters.rb_leftmost, struct rt_mutex_waiter,
-			pi_tree_entry);
+			pi_tree.entry);
 }
 
 #define RT_MUTEX_HAS_WAITERS	1UL
@@ -190,8 +211,8 @@ static inline void debug_rt_mutex_free_waiter(struct rt_mutex_waiter *waiter)
 static inline void rt_mutex_init_waiter(struct rt_mutex_waiter *waiter)
 {
 	debug_rt_mutex_init_waiter(waiter);
-	RB_CLEAR_NODE(&waiter->pi_tree_entry);
-	RB_CLEAR_NODE(&waiter->tree_entry);
+	RB_CLEAR_NODE(&waiter->pi_tree.entry);
+	RB_CLEAR_NODE(&waiter->tree.entry);
 	waiter->wake_state = TASK_NORMAL;
 	waiter->task = NULL;
 }

kernel/locking/ww_mutex.h

@@ -96,25 +96,25 @@ __ww_waiter_first(struct rt_mutex *lock)
 	struct rb_node *n = rb_first(&lock->rtmutex.waiters.rb_root);
 	if (!n)
 		return NULL;
-	return rb_entry(n, struct rt_mutex_waiter, tree_entry);
+	return rb_entry(n, struct rt_mutex_waiter, tree.entry);
 }
 
 static inline struct rt_mutex_waiter *
 __ww_waiter_next(struct rt_mutex *lock, struct rt_mutex_waiter *w)
 {
-	struct rb_node *n = rb_next(&w->tree_entry);
+	struct rb_node *n = rb_next(&w->tree.entry);
 	if (!n)
 		return NULL;
-	return rb_entry(n, struct rt_mutex_waiter, tree_entry);
+	return rb_entry(n, struct rt_mutex_waiter, tree.entry);
 }
 
 static inline struct rt_mutex_waiter *
 __ww_waiter_prev(struct rt_mutex *lock, struct rt_mutex_waiter *w)
 {
-	struct rb_node *n = rb_prev(&w->tree_entry);
+	struct rb_node *n = rb_prev(&w->tree.entry);
 	if (!n)
 		return NULL;
-	return rb_entry(n, struct rt_mutex_waiter, tree_entry);
+	return rb_entry(n, struct rt_mutex_waiter, tree.entry);
 }
 
 static inline struct rt_mutex_waiter *
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ __ww_waiter_last(struct rt_mutex *lock)
 	struct rb_node *n = rb_last(&lock->rtmutex.waiters.rb_root);
 	if (!n)
 		return NULL;
-	return rb_entry(n, struct rt_mutex_waiter, tree_entry);
+	return rb_entry(n, struct rt_mutex_waiter, tree.entry);
 }
 
 static inline void