MDEV-4840: Wrong result (missing rows) on LEFT JOIN with InnoDB tables

Fix two problems in table elimination code:
- Before marking a "value" as bound, check if it is already bound. Marking the 
  same value as bound twice could confuse a module that depends on this value, 
  because Dep_module_XXX use counters to know when they become bound.

- When checking whether field is part of a key, ignore "extended keys" property.

mysql-test/r/table_elim.result

@@ -628,4 +628,24 @@ id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	filtered	Extra
 Warnings:
 Note	1003	select `test`.`t2`.`b` AS `b` from `test`.`t2` where <expr_cache><`test`.`t2`.`b`>(<in_optimizer>(`test`.`t2`.`b`,<exists>(select sum(1) from dual having (<cache>(`test`.`t2`.`b`) = <ref_null_helper>(sum(1))))))
 DROP TABLE t1,t2;
+#
+# MDEV-4840: Wrong result (missing rows) on LEFT JOIN with InnoDB tables
+#
+CREATE TABLE t1 (alpha3 VARCHAR(3));
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES ('USA'),('CAN');
+CREATE TABLE t2 ( t3_code VARCHAR(3), name VARCHAR(64));
+INSERT INTO t2 VALUES ('USA','Austin'),('USA','Boston');
+CREATE TABLE t3 ( code VARCHAR(3),  name VARCHAR(64),  PRIMARY KEY (code),  UNIQUE KEY (name));
+INSERT INTO t3 VALUES ('CAN','Canada'),('USA','United States');
+SELECT *         FROM t1 LEFT JOIN ( t2 LEFT JOIN t3 ON t2.t3_code  = t3.code ) ON t1.alpha3 = t3.code;
+alpha3	t3_code	name	code	name
+USA	USA	Austin	USA	United States
+USA	USA	Boston	USA	United States
+CAN	NULL	NULL	NULL	NULL
+SELECT t1.alpha3 FROM t1 LEFT JOIN ( t2 LEFT JOIN t3 ON t2.t3_code  = t3.code ) ON t1.alpha3 = t3.code;
+alpha3
+USA
+USA
+CAN
+DROP TABLE t1, t2, t3;
 SET optimizer_switch=@save_optimizer_switch;

mysql-test/t/table_elim.test

@@ -561,4 +561,21 @@ EXPLAIN EXTENDED
 
 DROP TABLE t1,t2;
 
+--echo #
+--echo # MDEV-4840: Wrong result (missing rows) on LEFT JOIN with InnoDB tables
+--echo #
+CREATE TABLE t1 (alpha3 VARCHAR(3));
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES ('USA'),('CAN');
+
+CREATE TABLE t2 ( t3_code VARCHAR(3), name VARCHAR(64));
+INSERT INTO t2 VALUES ('USA','Austin'),('USA','Boston');
+
+CREATE TABLE t3 ( code VARCHAR(3),  name VARCHAR(64),  PRIMARY KEY (code),  UNIQUE KEY (name));
+INSERT INTO t3 VALUES ('CAN','Canada'),('USA','United States');
+
+SELECT *         FROM t1 LEFT JOIN ( t2 LEFT JOIN t3 ON t2.t3_code  = t3.code ) ON t1.alpha3 = t3.code;
+SELECT t1.alpha3 FROM t1 LEFT JOIN ( t2 LEFT JOIN t3 ON t2.t3_code  = t3.code ) ON t1.alpha3 = t3.code;
+
+DROP TABLE t1, t2, t3;
+
 SET optimizer_switch=@save_optimizer_switch;

sql/opt_table_elimination.cc

@@ -891,11 +891,14 @@ bool Dep_analysis_context::run_wave(List<Dep_module> *new_bound_modules)
       Dep_module::Iterator iter;
       iter= module->init_unbound_values_iter(iter_buf);
       while ((value= module->get_next_unbound_value(this, iter)))
+      {
+        if (!value->is_bound())
         {
           value->make_bound();
           new_bound_values.push_back(value);
         }
       }
+    }
     new_bound_modules->empty();
     
     /*
@@ -1740,7 +1743,7 @@ Dep_module* Dep_value_field::get_next_unbound_module(Dep_analysis_context *dac,
     - have this field as a part of them
   */
   while (key_dep && (key_dep->is_applicable() ||
-         !field->part_of_key.is_set(key_dep->keyno)))
+         !field->part_of_key_not_clustered.is_set(key_dep->keyno)))
   {
     key_dep= key_dep->next_table_key;
   }