Commit 8bc86614 authored by Evan Read's avatar Evan Read

Merge branch 'docs/refactor-backup' into 'master'

Refactor the backup/restore docs

See merge request gitlab-org/gitlab-ce!22576
parents 72319748 4f1e6631
...@@ -9,37 +9,39 @@ You can only restore a backup to **exactly the same version and type (CE/EE)** ...@@ -9,37 +9,39 @@ You can only restore a backup to **exactly the same version and type (CE/EE)**
of GitLab on which it was created. The best way to migrate your repositories of GitLab on which it was created. The best way to migrate your repositories
from one server to another is through backup restore. from one server to another is through backup restore.
## Backup ## Requirements
GitLab provides a simple command line interface to backup your whole installation, In order to be able to backup and restore, you need two essential tools
and is flexible enough to fit your needs. installed on your system.
### Requirements ### Rsync
* rsync If you installed GitLab:
If you're using GitLab with the Omnibus package, you're all set. If you - Using the Omnibus package, you're all set.
installed GitLab from source, make sure you have rsync installed. - From source, make sure `rsync` is installed:
If you're using Ubuntu, you could run: ```sh
# Debian/Ubuntu
sudo apt-get install rsync
``` # RHEL/CentOS
sudo apt-get install -y rsync sudo yum install rsync
``` ```
* tar ### Tar
Backup and restore tasks use `tar` under the hood to create and extract Backup and restore tasks use `tar` under the hood to create and extract
archives. Ensure you have version 1.30 or above of `tar` available in your archives. Ensure you have version 1.30 or above of `tar` available in your
system. To check the version, run: system. To check the version, run:
``` ```sh
tar --version tar --version
``` ```
### Backup timestamp ## Backup timestamp
>**Note:** NOTE: **Note:**
In GitLab 9.2 the timestamp format was changed from `EPOCH_YYYY_MM_DD` to In GitLab 9.2 the timestamp format was changed from `EPOCH_YYYY_MM_DD` to
`EPOCH_YYYY_MM_DD_GitLab_version`, for example `1493107454_2018_04_25` `EPOCH_YYYY_MM_DD_GitLab_version`, for example `1493107454_2018_04_25`
would become `1493107454_2018_04_25_10.6.4-ce`. would become `1493107454_2018_04_25_10.6.4-ce`.
...@@ -54,30 +56,46 @@ available. ...@@ -54,30 +56,46 @@ available.
For example, if the backup name is `1493107454_2018_04_25_10.6.4-ce_gitlab_backup.tar`, For example, if the backup name is `1493107454_2018_04_25_10.6.4-ce_gitlab_backup.tar`,
then the timestamp is `1493107454_2018_04_25_10.6.4-ce`. then the timestamp is `1493107454_2018_04_25_10.6.4-ce`.
### Creating a backup of the GitLab system ## Creating a backup of the GitLab system
GitLab provides a simple command line interface to backup your whole instance.
It backs up your:
- Database
- Attachments
- Git repositories data
- CI/CD job output logs
- CI/CD job artifacts
- LFS objects
- Container Registry images
- GitLab Pages content
CAUTION: **Warning:**
GitLab does not back up any configuration files, SSL certificates, or system files.
You are highly advised to [read about storing configuration files](#storing-configuration-files).
Use this command if you've installed GitLab with the Omnibus package: Use this command if you've installed GitLab with the Omnibus package:
``` ```sh
sudo gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create sudo gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create
``` ```
Use this if you've installed GitLab from source: Use this if you've installed GitLab from source:
``` ```sh
sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:backup:create RAILS_ENV=production sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:backup:create RAILS_ENV=production
``` ```
If you are running GitLab within a Docker container, you can run the backup from the host: If you are running GitLab within a Docker container, you can run the backup from the host:
``` ```sh
docker exec -t <container name> gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create docker exec -t <container name> gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create
``` ```
If you are using the gitlab-omnibus helm chart on a Kubernetes cluster, you can If you are using the gitlab-omnibus helm chart on a Kubernetes cluster, you can
run the backup task on the gitlab application pod using kubectl run the backup task on the gitlab application pod using kubectl:
``` ```sh
kubectl exec -it <gitlab-gitlab pod> gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create kubectl exec -it <gitlab-gitlab pod> gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create
``` ```
...@@ -110,9 +128,50 @@ Deleting tmp directories...[DONE] ...@@ -110,9 +128,50 @@ Deleting tmp directories...[DONE]
Deleting old backups... [SKIPPING] Deleting old backups... [SKIPPING]
``` ```
## Storing configuration files
A backup performed by the [raketask GitLab provides](#creating-a-backup-of-the-gitlab-system)
does **not** store your configuration files. The primary reason for this is that your
database contains encrypted information for two-factor authentication, the CI/CD
'secure variables', etc. Storing encrypted information along with its key in the
same place defeats the purpose of using encryption in the first place.
CAUTION: **Warning:**
The secrets file is essential to preserve your database encryption key.
At the very **minimum**, you must backup:
For Omnibus:
- `/etc/gitlab/gitlab-secrets.json`
- `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`
For installation from source:
- `/home/git/gitlab/config/secrets.yml`
- `/home/git/gitlab/config/gitlab.yml`
For [Docker installations](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/docker/), you must
back up the volume where the configuration files are stored. If you have created
the GitLab container according to the documentation, it should be under
`/srv/gitlab/config`.
You may also want to back up any TLS keys and certificates, and your
[SSH host keys](https://superuser.com/questions/532040/copy-ssh-keys-from-one-server-to-another-server/532079#532079).
If you use Omnibus GitLab, see some additional information
[to backup your configuration](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/backups.html).
In the unlikely event that the secrets file is lost, see the
[troubleshooting section](#when-the-secrets-file-is-lost).
## Backup options
The command line tool GitLab provides to backup your instance can take more options.
### Backup strategy option ### Backup strategy option
> **Note:** Introduced as an option in GitLab 8.17. > [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/8728) in GitLab 8.17.
The default backup strategy is to essentially stream data from the respective The default backup strategy is to essentially stream data from the respective
data locations to the backup using the Linux command `tar` and `gzip`. This works data locations to the backup using the Linux command `tar` and `gzip`. This works
...@@ -129,8 +188,11 @@ so the problem doesn't compound, but it could be a considerable change for large ...@@ -129,8 +188,11 @@ so the problem doesn't compound, but it could be a considerable change for large
installations. This is why the `copy` strategy is not the default in 8.17. installations. This is why the `copy` strategy is not the default in 8.17.
To use the `copy` strategy instead of the default streaming strategy, specify To use the `copy` strategy instead of the default streaming strategy, specify
`STRATEGY=copy` in the Rake task command. For example, `STRATEGY=copy` in the Rake task command. For example:
`sudo gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create STRATEGY=copy`.
```sh
sudo gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create STRATEGY=copy
```
### Excluding specific directories from the backup ### Excluding specific directories from the backup
...@@ -151,11 +213,15 @@ Use a comma to specify several options at the same time: ...@@ -151,11 +213,15 @@ Use a comma to specify several options at the same time:
All wikis will be backed up as part of the `repositories` group. Non-existent wikis All wikis will be backed up as part of the `repositories` group. Non-existent wikis
will be skipped during a backup. will be skipped during a backup.
``` For Omnibus GitLab packages:
# use this command if you've installed GitLab with the Omnibus package
```sh
sudo gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create SKIP=db,uploads sudo gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create SKIP=db,uploads
```
For installations from source:
# if you've installed GitLab from source ```sh
sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:backup:create SKIP=db,uploads RAILS_ENV=production sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:backup:create SKIP=db,uploads RAILS_ENV=production
``` ```
...@@ -208,7 +274,7 @@ This example can be used for a bucket in Amsterdam (AMS3). ...@@ -208,7 +274,7 @@ This example can be used for a bucket in Amsterdam (AMS3).
1. [Reconfigure GitLab] for the changes to take effect 1. [Reconfigure GitLab] for the changes to take effect
CAUTION: **Warning:** NOTE: **Note:**
If you see `400 Bad Request` by using Digital Ocean Spaces, the cause may be the If you see `400 Bad Request` by using Digital Ocean Spaces, the cause may be the
usage of backup encryption. Remove or comment the line that usage of backup encryption. Remove or comment the line that
contains `gitlab_rails['backup_encryption']` since Digital Ocean Spaces contains `gitlab_rails['backup_encryption']` since Digital Ocean Spaces
...@@ -370,33 +436,43 @@ backups will be copied to, and will be created if it does not exist. If the ...@@ -370,33 +436,43 @@ backups will be copied to, and will be created if it does not exist. If the
directory that you want to copy the tarballs to is the root of your mounted directory that you want to copy the tarballs to is the root of your mounted
directory, just use `.` instead. directory, just use `.` instead.
For omnibus packages:
```ruby For Omnibus GitLab packages:
gitlab_rails['backup_upload_connection'] = {
:provider => 'Local',
:local_root => '/mnt/backups'
}
# The directory inside the mounted folder to copy backups to 1. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`:
# Use '.' to store them in the root directory
gitlab_rails['backup_upload_remote_directory'] = 'gitlab_backups' ```ruby
``` gitlab_rails['backup_upload_connection'] = {
:provider => 'Local',
:local_root => '/mnt/backups'
}
# The directory inside the mounted folder to copy backups to
# Use '.' to store them in the root directory
gitlab_rails['backup_upload_remote_directory'] = 'gitlab_backups'
```
1. [Reconfigure GitLab] for the changes to take effect.
---
For installations from source: For installations from source:
```yaml 1. Edit `home/git/gitlab/config/gitlab.yml`:
backup:
# snip ```yaml
upload: backup:
# Fog storage connection settings, see http://fog.io/storage/ . upload:
connection: # Fog storage connection settings, see http://fog.io/storage/ .
provider: Local connection:
local_root: '/mnt/backups' provider: Local
# The directory inside the mounted folder to copy backups to local_root: '/mnt/backups'
# Use '.' to store them in the root directory # The directory inside the mounted folder to copy backups to
remote_directory: 'gitlab_backups' # Use '.' to store them in the root directory
``` remote_directory: 'gitlab_backups'
```
1. [Restart GitLab] for the changes to take effect.
### Backup archive permissions ### Backup archive permissions
...@@ -405,45 +481,56 @@ will have owner/group git:git and 0600 permissions by default. ...@@ -405,45 +481,56 @@ will have owner/group git:git and 0600 permissions by default.
This is meant to avoid other system users reading GitLab's data. This is meant to avoid other system users reading GitLab's data.
If you need the backup archives to have different permissions you can use the 'archive_permissions' setting. If you need the backup archives to have different permissions you can use the 'archive_permissions' setting.
``` For Omnibus GitLab packages:
# In /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb, for omnibus packages
gitlab_rails['backup_archive_permissions'] = 0644 # Makes the backup archives world-readable
```
``` 1. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`:
# In gitlab.yml, for installations from source:
backup:
archive_permissions: 0644 # Makes the backup archives world-readable
```
### Storing configuration files ```ruby
gitlab_rails['backup_archive_permissions'] = 0644 # Makes the backup archives world-readable
```
1. [Reconfigure GitLab] for the changes to take effect.
---
For installations from source:
Please be informed that a backup does not store your configuration 1. Edit `/home/git/gitlab/config/gitlab.yml`:
files. One reason for this is that your database contains encrypted
information for two-factor authentication. Storing encrypted
information along with its key in the same place defeats the purpose
of using encryption in the first place!
If you use an Omnibus package please see the [instructions in the readme to backup your configuration](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/blob/master/README.md#backup-and-restore-omnibus-gitlab-configuration). ```yaml
If you have a cookbook installation there should be a copy of your configuration in Chef. backup:
If you installed from source, please consider backing up your `config/secrets.yml` file, `gitlab.yml` file, any SSL keys and certificates, and your [SSH host keys](https://superuser.com/questions/532040/copy-ssh-keys-from-one-server-to-another-server/532079#532079). archive_permissions: 0644 # Makes the backup archives world-readable
```
At the very **minimum** you should backup `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` and 1. [Restart GitLab] for the changes to take effect.
`/etc/gitlab/gitlab-secrets.json` (Omnibus), or
`/home/git/gitlab/config/secrets.yml` (source) to preserve your database
encryption key.
### Configuring cron to make daily backups ### Configuring cron to make daily backups
>**Note:** NOTE: **Note:**
The following cron jobs do not [backup your GitLab configuration files](#storing-configuration-files) The following cron jobs do not [backup your GitLab configuration files](#storing-configuration-files)
or [SSH host keys](https://superuser.com/questions/532040/copy-ssh-keys-from-one-server-to-another-server/532079#532079). or [SSH host keys](https://superuser.com/questions/532040/copy-ssh-keys-from-one-server-to-another-server/532079#532079).
**For Omnibus installations** For Omnibus GitLab packages:
1. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`:
```ruby
## Limit backup lifetime to 7 days - 604800 seconds
gitlab_rails['backup_keep_time'] = 604800
```
1. [Reconfigure GitLab] for the changes to take effect.
Note that the `backup_keep_time` configuration option only manages local
files. GitLab does not automatically prune old files stored in a third-party
object storage (e.g., AWS S3) because the user may not have permission to list
and delete files. We recommend that you configure the appropriate retention
policy for your object storage. For example, you can configure [the S3 backup
policy as described here](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/37553070/gitlab-omnibus-delete-backup-from-amazon-s3).
To schedule a cron job that backs up your repositories and GitLab metadata, use the root user: To schedule a cron job that backs up your repositories and GitLab metadata, use the root user:
``` ```sh
sudo su - sudo su -
crontab -e crontab -e
``` ```
...@@ -455,26 +542,24 @@ There, add the following line to schedule the backup for everyday at 2 AM: ...@@ -455,26 +542,24 @@ There, add the following line to schedule the backup for everyday at 2 AM:
``` ```
You may also want to set a limited lifetime for backups to prevent regular You may also want to set a limited lifetime for backups to prevent regular
backups using all your disk space. To do this add the following lines to backups using all your disk space.
`/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` and reconfigure:
``` ---
# limit backup lifetime to 7 days - 604800 seconds
gitlab_rails['backup_keep_time'] = 604800
```
Note that the `backup_keep_time` configuration option only manages local For installations from source:
files. GitLab does not automatically prune old files stored in a third-party
object storage (e.g., AWS S3) because the user may not have permission to list 1. Edit `home/git/gitlab/config/gitlab.yml`:
and delete files. We recommend that you configure the appropriate retention
policy for your object storage. For example, you can configure [the S3 backup
policy as described here](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/37553070/gitlab-omnibus-delete-backup-from-amazon-s3).
**For installation from source** ```yaml
backup:
## Limit backup lifetime to 7 days - 604800 seconds
keep_time: 604800
```
``` 1. [Restart GitLab] for the changes to take effect.
cd /home/git/gitlab
sudo -u git -H editor config/gitlab.yml # Enable keep_time in the backup section to automatically delete old backups
```sh
sudo -u git crontab -e # Edit the crontab for the git user sudo -u git crontab -e # Edit the crontab for the git user
``` ```
...@@ -711,5 +796,53 @@ Those objects have no influence on the database backup/restore but they give thi ...@@ -711,5 +796,53 @@ Those objects have no influence on the database backup/restore but they give thi
For more information see similar questions on postgresql issue tracker[here](http://www.postgresql.org/message-id/201110220712.30886.adrian.klaver@gmail.com) and [here](http://www.postgresql.org/message-id/2039.1177339749@sss.pgh.pa.us) as well as [stack overflow](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4368789/error-must-be-owner-of-language-plpgsql). For more information see similar questions on postgresql issue tracker[here](http://www.postgresql.org/message-id/201110220712.30886.adrian.klaver@gmail.com) and [here](http://www.postgresql.org/message-id/2039.1177339749@sss.pgh.pa.us) as well as [stack overflow](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4368789/error-must-be-owner-of-language-plpgsql).
### When the secrets file is lost
If you have failed to [back up the secrets file](#storing-configuration-files),
then users with 2FA enabled will not be able to log into GitLab. In that case,
you need to [disable 2FA for everyone](../security/two_factor_authentication.md#disabling-2fa-for-everyone).
In the case of CI/CD, if your project has secure variables set, you might experience
some weird behavior, like stuck jobs or 500 errors. In that case, you can try
deleting the `ci_variables` table from the database.
CAUTION: **Warning:**
Use the following commands at your own risk, and make sure you've taken a
backup beforehand.
1. Enter the Rails console:
For Omnibus GitLab packages:
```sh
sudo gitlab-rails dbconsole
```
For installations from source:
```sh
sudo -u git -H bundle exec rails dbconsole RAILS_ENV=production
```
1. Check the `ci_variables` table:
```sql
SELECT * FROM public."ci_variables";
```
Those are the variables that you need to delete.
1. Drop the table:
```sql
DELETE FROM ci_variables;
```
1. You may need to reconfigure or restart GitLab for the changes to take
effect.
You should now be able to visit your project, and the jobs will start
running again.
[reconfigure GitLab]: ../administration/restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure [reconfigure GitLab]: ../administration/restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure
[restart GitLab]: ../administration/restart_gitlab.md#installations-from-source [restart GitLab]: ../administration/restart_gitlab.md#installations-from-source
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