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Refactor the API OAuth docs

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# GitLab as an OAuth2 provider
This document covers using the [OAuth2](https://oauth.net/2/) protocol to allow other services access GitLab resources on user's behalf.
This document covers using the [OAuth2](https://oauth.net/2/) protocol to allow
other services to access GitLab resources on user's behalf.
If you want GitLab to be an OAuth authentication service provider to sign into other services please see the [OAuth2 provider](../integration/oauth_provider.md)
documentation.
If you want GitLab to be an OAuth authentication service provider to sign into
other services, see the [OAuth2 provider](../integration/oauth_provider.md)
documentation. This functionality is based on the
[doorkeeper Ruby gem](https://github.com/doorkeeper-gem/doorkeeper).
This functionality is based on [doorkeeper gem](https://github.com/doorkeeper-gem/doorkeeper).
## Supported OAuth2 flows
## Supported OAuth2 Flows
GitLab currently supports the following authorization flows:
GitLab currently supports following authorization flows:
- **Web application flow:** Most secure and common type of flow, designed for
applications with secure server-side.
- **Implicit grant flow:** This flow is designed for user-agent only apps (e.g., single
page web application running on GitLab Pages).
- **Resource owner password credentials flow:** To be used **only** for securely
hosted, first-party services.
- *Web Application Flow* - Most secure and common type of flow, designed for the applications with secure server-side.
- *Implicit Flow* - This flow is designed for user-agent only apps (e.g. single page web application running on GitLab Pages).
- *Resource Owner Password Credentials Flow* - To be used **only** for securely hosted, first-party services.
Refer to the [OAuth RFC](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749) to find out
how all those flows work and pick the right one for your use case.
Please refer to [OAuth RFC](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749) to find out in details how all those flows work and pick the right one for your use case.
Both **web application** and **implicit grant** flows require `application` to be
registered first via the `/profile/applications` page in your user's account.
During registration, by enabling proper scopes, you can limit the range of
resources which the `application` can access. Upon creation, you'll obtain the
`application` credentials: _Application ID_ and _Client Secret_ - **keep them secure**.
Both *web application* and *implicit* flows require `application` to be registered first via `/profile/applications` page
in your user's account. During registration, by enabling proper scopes you can limit the range of resources which the `application` can access. Upon creation
you'll obtain `application` credentials: _Application ID_ and _Client Secret_ - **keep them secure**.
CAUTION: **Important:**
OAuth specification advises sending the `state` parameter with each request to
`/oauth/authorize`. We highly recommended sending a unique value with each request
and validate it against the one in the redirect request. This is important in
order to prevent [CSRF attacks](https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Cross-Site_Request_Forgery_(CSRF)).
The `state` parameter really should have been a requirement in the standard!
>**Important:** OAuth specification advises sending `state` parameter with each request to `/oauth/authorize`. We highly recommended to send a unique
value with each request and validate it against the one in redirect request. This is important to prevent [CSRF attacks]. The `state` param really should
have been a requirement in the standard!
In the following sections you will find detailed instructions on how to obtain
authorization with each flow.
In the following sections you will find detailed instructions on how to obtain authorization with each flow.
### Web application flow
### Web Application Flow
NOTE: **Note:**
Check the [RFC spec](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-4.1) for a
detailed flow description.
Check [RFC spec](http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-4.1) for a detailed flow description
The web application flow is:
#### 1. Requesting authorization code
1. Request authorization code. To do that, you should redirect the user to the
`/oauth/authorize` endpoint with the following GET parameters:
To request the authorization code, you should redirect the user to the `/oauth/authorize` endpoint with following GET parameters:
```
https://gitlab.example.com/oauth/authorize?client_id=APP_ID&redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URI&response_type=code&state=YOUR_UNIQUE_STATE_HASH
```
```
https://gitlab.example.com/oauth/authorize?client_id=APP_ID&redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URI&response_type=code&state=YOUR_UNIQUE_STATE_HASH
```
This will ask the user to approve the applications access to their account and
then redirect back to the `REDIRECT_URI` you provided. The redirect will
include the GET `code` parameter, for example:
This will ask the user to approve the applications access to their account and then redirect back to the `REDIRECT_URI` you provided. The redirect will
include the GET `code` parameter, for example:
```
http://myapp.com/oauth/redirect?code=1234567890&state=YOUR_UNIQUE_STATE_HASH
```
`http://myapp.com/oauth/redirect?code=1234567890&state=YOUR_UNIQUE_STATE_HASH`
You should then use `code` to request an access token.
You should then use the `code` to request an access token.
1. Once you have the authorization code you can request an `access_token` using the
code. You can do that by using any HTTP client. In the following example,
we are using Ruby's `rest-client`:
#### 2. Requesting access token
```ruby
parameters = 'client_id=APP_ID&client_secret=APP_SECRET&code=RETURNED_CODE&grant_type=authorization_code&redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URI'
RestClient.post 'http://gitlab.example.com/oauth/token', parameters
```
Once you have the authorization code you can request an `access_token` using the code, to do that you can use any HTTP client. In the following example,
we are using Ruby's `rest-client`:
Example response:
```
parameters = 'client_id=APP_ID&client_secret=APP_SECRET&code=RETURNED_CODE&grant_type=authorization_code&redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URI'
RestClient.post 'http://gitlab.example.com/oauth/token', parameters
```json
{
"access_token": "de6780bc506a0446309bd9362820ba8aed28aa506c71eedbe1c5c4f9dd350e54",
"token_type": "bearer",
"expires_in": 7200,
"refresh_token": "8257e65c97202ed1726cf9571600918f3bffb2544b26e00a61df9897668c33a1"
}
```
# The response will be
{
"access_token": "de6780bc506a0446309bd9362820ba8aed28aa506c71eedbe1c5c4f9dd350e54",
"token_type": "bearer",
"expires_in": 7200,
"refresh_token": "8257e65c97202ed1726cf9571600918f3bffb2544b26e00a61df9897668c33a1"
}
```
>**Note:**
The `redirect_uri` must match the `redirect_uri` used in the original authorization request.
NOTE: **Note:**
The `redirect_uri` must match the `redirect_uri` used in the original
authorization request.
You can now make requests to the API with the access token returned.
### Implicit grant flow
### Implicit Grant
Check [RFC spec](http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-4.2) for a detailed flow description.
Unlike the web flow, the client receives an `access token` immediately as a result of the authorization request. The flow does not use client secret
or authorization code because all of the application code and storage is easily accessible, therefore __secrets__ can leak easily.
NOTE: **Note:**
Check the [RFC spec](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-4.2) for a
detailed flow description.
>**Important:** Avoid using this flow for applications that store data outside of the GitLab instance. If you do, make sure to verify `application id`
associated with access token before granting access to the data
CAUTION: **Important:**
Avoid using this flow for applications that store data outside of the GitLab
instance. If you do, make sure to verify `application id` associated with the
access token before granting access to the data
(see [/oauth/token/info](https://github.com/doorkeeper-gem/doorkeeper/wiki/API-endpoint-descriptions-and-examples#get----oauthtokeninfo)).
Unlike the web flow, the client receives an `access token` immediately as a
result of the authorization request. The flow does not use the client secret
or the authorization code because all of the application code and storage is
easily accessible, therefore secrets can leak easily.
#### 1. Requesting access token
To request the access token, you should redirect the user to the `/oauth/authorize` endpoint using `token` response type:
To request the access token, you should redirect the user to the
`/oauth/authorize` endpoint using `token` response type:
```
https://gitlab.example.com/oauth/authorize?client_id=APP_ID&redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URI&response_type=token&state=YOUR_UNIQUE_STATE_HASH
```
This will ask the user to approve the application's access to their account and then redirect back to the `REDIRECT_URI` you provided. The redirect
will include a fragment with `access_token` as well as token details in GET parameters, for example:
This will ask the user to approve the application's access to their account and
then redirect them back to the `REDIRECT_URI` you provided. The redirect
will include a fragment with `access_token` as well as token details in GET
parameters, for example:
```
http://myapp.com/oauth/redirect#access_token=ABCDExyz123&state=YOUR_UNIQUE_STATE_HASH&token_type=bearer&expires_in=3600
```
### Resource Owner Password Credentials
### Resource owner password credentials flow
Check [RFC spec](http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-4.3) for a detailed flow description.
NOTE: **Note:**
Check the [RFC spec](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-4.3) for a
detailed flow description.
> **Deprecation notice:** Starting in GitLab 8.11, the Resource Owner Password Credentials has been *disabled* for users with two-factor authentication
turned on. These users can access the API using [personal access tokens] instead.
NOTE: **Note:**
The Resource Owner Password Credentials is disabled for users with [two-factor
authentication](../user/profile/account/two_factor_authentication.md) turned on.
These users can access the API using [personal access tokens](../user/profile/personal_access_tokens.md)
instead.
In this flow, a token is requested in exchange for the resource owner credentials (username and password).
The credentials should only be used when there is a high degree of trust between the resource owner and the client (e.g. the
client is part of the device operating system or a highly privileged application), and when other authorization grant types are not
available (such as an authorization code).
In this flow, a token is requested in exchange for the resource owner credentials
(username and password).
>**Important:**
Never store the user's credentials and only use this grant type when your client is deployed to a trusted environment, in 99% of cases [personal access tokens]
are a better choice.
The credentials should only be used when:
Even though this grant type requires direct client access to the resource owner credentials, the resource owner credentials are used
for a single request and are exchanged for an access token. This grant type can eliminate the need for the client to store the
resource owner credentials for future use, by exchanging the credentials with a long-lived access token or refresh token.
- There is a high degree of trust between the resource owner and the client. For
example, the client is part of the device operating system or a highly
privileged application.
- Other authorization grant types are not available (such as an authorization code).
#### 1. Requesting access token
CAUTION: **Important:**
Never store the user's credentials and only use this grant type when your client
is deployed to a trusted environment, in 99% of cases
[personal access tokens](../user/profile/personal_access_tokens.md) are a better
choice.
POST request to `/oauth/token` with parameters:
Even though this grant type requires direct client access to the resource owner
credentials, the resource owner credentials are used for a single request and
are exchanged for an access token. This grant type can eliminate the need for
the client to store the resource owner credentials for future use, by exchanging
the credentials with a long-lived access token or refresh token.
```
To request an access token, you must make a POST request to `/oauth/token` with
the following parameters:
```json
{
"grant_type" : "password",
"username" : "user@example.com",
......@@ -128,6 +167,13 @@ POST request to `/oauth/token` with parameters:
}
```
Example cURL request:
```sh
echo 'grant_type=password&username=<your_username>&password=<your_password>' > auth.txt
curl --data "@auth.txt" --request POST https://gitlab.example.com/oauth/token
```
Then, you'll receive the access token back in the response:
```
......@@ -138,7 +184,7 @@ Then, you'll receive the access token back in the response:
}
```
For testing you can use the oauth2 ruby gem:
For testing, you can use the `oauth2` Ruby gem:
```
client = OAuth2::Client.new('the_client_id', 'the_client_secret', :site => "http://example.com")
......@@ -148,7 +194,9 @@ puts access_token.token
## Access GitLab API with `access token`
The `access token` allows you to make requests to the API on a behalf of a user. You can pass the token either as GET parameter
The `access token` allows you to make requests to the API on behalf of a user.
You can pass the token either as GET parameter:
```
GET https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/user?access_token=OAUTH-TOKEN
```
......@@ -159,5 +207,3 @@ or you can put the token to the Authorization header:
curl --header "Authorization: Bearer OAUTH-TOKEN" https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/user
```
[personal access tokens]: ../user/profile/personal_access_tokens.md
[CSRF attacks]: http://www.oauthsecurity.com/#user-content-authorization-code-flow
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