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Documentation: i40e: Prepare documentation for RST conversion 

Before making the conversion to the RST (reStructured Text) format, there
are changes needed to the documentation so that there are no build errors.

Also fixed old/broken URLs to the correct or updated URL.
Signed-off-by: default avatarJeff Kirsher <jeffrey.t.kirsher@intel.com>
Tested-by: default avatarAndrew Bowers <andrewx.bowers@intel.com>
Acked-by: default avatarShannon Nelson <shannon.nelson@oracle.com>
parent 63e2ea2f
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Documentation/networking/i40e.txt
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Linux Base Driver for the Intel(R) Ethernet Controller XL710 Family
===================================================================
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
Intel i40e Linux driver.
Copyright(c) 2013 Intel Corporation.
Linux* Base Driver for the Intel(R) Ethernet Controller 700 Series
==================================================================
Intel 40 Gigabit Linux driver.
Copyright(c) 1999-2018 Intel Corporation.
Contents
========
- Overview
- Identifying Your Adapter
- Intel(R) Ethernet Flow Director
- Additional Configurations
- Performance Tuning
- Known Issues
- Support
Driver information can be obtained using ethtool, lspci, and ifconfig.
Instructions on updating ethtool can be found in the section Additional
Configurations later in this document.
For questions related to hardware requirements, refer to the documentation
supplied with your Intel adapter. All hardware requirements listed apply to use
with Linux.
Identifying Your Adapter
========================
The driver is compatible with devices based on the following:
* Intel(R) Ethernet Controller X710
* Intel(R) Ethernet Controller XL710
* Intel(R) Ethernet Network Connection X722
* Intel(R) Ethernet Controller XXV710
For the best performance, make sure the latest NVM/FW is installed on your
device.
For information on how to identify your adapter, and for the latest NVM/FW
images and Intel network drivers, refer to the Intel Support website:
https://www.intel.com/support
SFP+ and QSFP+ Devices
----------------------
For information about supported media, refer to this document:
https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/release-notes/xl710-ethernet-controller-feature-matrix.pdf
NOTE: Some adapters based on the Intel(R) Ethernet Controller 700 Series only
support Intel Ethernet Optics modules. On these adapters, other modules are not
supported and will not function. In all cases Intel recommends using Intel
Ethernet Optics; other modules may function but are not validated by Intel.
Contact Intel for supported media types.
NOTE: For connections based on Intel(R) Ethernet Controller 700 Series, support
is dependent on your system board. Please see your vendor for details.
NOTE: In systems that do not have adequate airflow to cool the adapter and
optical modules, you must use high temperature optical modules.
Virtual Functions (VFs)
-----------------------
Use sysfs to enable VFs. For example::
#echo $num_vf_enabled > /sys/class/net/$dev/device/sriov_numvfs #enable VFs
#echo 0 > /sys/class/net/$dev/device/sriov_numvfs #disable VFs
For example, the following instructions will configure PF eth0 and the first VF
on VLAN 10::
$ ip link set dev eth0 vf 0 vlan 10
VLAN Tag Packet Steering
------------------------
Allows you to send all packets with a specific VLAN tag to a particular SR-IOV
virtual function (VF). Further, this feature allows you to designate a
particular VF as trusted, and allows that trusted VF to request selective
promiscuous mode on the Physical Function (PF).
To set a VF as trusted or untrusted, enter the following command in the
Hypervisor::
# ip link set dev eth0 vf 1 trust [on|off]
Once the VF is designated as trusted, use the following commands in the VM to
set the VF to promiscuous mode.
::
For promiscuous all:
#ip link set eth2 promisc on
Where eth2 is a VF interface in the VM
For promiscuous Multicast:
#ip link set eth2 allmulticast on
Where eth2 is a VF interface in the VM
NOTE: By default, the ethtool priv-flag vf-true-promisc-support is set to
"off",meaning that promiscuous mode for the VF will be limited. To set the
promiscuous mode for the VF to true promiscuous and allow the VF to see all
ingress traffic, use the following command::
#ethtool -set-priv-flags p261p1 vf-true-promisc-support on
The vf-true-promisc-support priv-flag does not enable promiscuous mode; rather,
it designates which type of promiscuous mode (limited or true) you will get
when you enable promiscuous mode using the ip link commands above. Note that
this is a global setting that affects the entire device. However,the
vf-true-promisc-support priv-flag is only exposed to the first PF of the
device. The PF remains in limited promiscuous mode (unless it is in MFP mode)
regardless of the vf-true-promisc-support setting.
Now add a VLAN interface on the VF interface::
#ip link add link eth2 name eth2.100 type vlan id 100
Note that the order in which you set the VF to promiscuous mode and add the
VLAN interface does not matter (you can do either first). The end result in
this example is that the VF will get all traffic that is tagged with VLAN 100.
Intel(R) Ethernet Flow Director
-------------------------------
The Intel Ethernet Flow Director performs the following tasks:
- Directs receive packets according to their flows to different queues.
- Enables tight control on routing a flow in the platform.
- Matches flows and CPU cores for flow affinity.
- Supports multiple parameters for flexible flow classification and load
balancing (in SFP mode only).
NOTE: The Linux i40e driver supports the following flow types: IPv4, TCPv4, and
UDPv4. For a given flow type, it supports valid combinations of IP addresses
(source or destination) and UDP/TCP ports (source and destination). For
example, you can supply only a source IP address, a source IP address and a
destination port, or any combination of one or more of these four parameters.
NOTE: The Linux i40e driver allows you to filter traffic based on a
user-defined flexible two-byte pattern and offset by using the ethtool user-def
and mask fields. Only L3 and L4 flow types are supported for user-defined
flexible filters. For a given flow type, you must clear all Intel Ethernet Flow
Director filters before changing the input set (for that flow type).
To enable or disable the Intel Ethernet Flow Director::
# ethtool -K ethX ntuple <on|off>
When disabling ntuple filters, all the user programmed filters are flushed from
the driver cache and hardware. All needed filters must be re-added when ntuple
is re-enabled.
To add a filter that directs packet to queue 2, use -U or -N switch::
# ethtool -N ethX flow-type tcp4 src-ip 192.168.10.1 dst-ip \
192.168.10.2 src-port 2000 dst-port 2001 action 2 [loc 1]
To set a filter using only the source and destination IP address::
# ethtool -N ethX flow-type tcp4 src-ip 192.168.10.1 dst-ip \
192.168.10.2 action 2 [loc 1]
To see the list of filters currently present::
# ethtool <-u|-n> ethX
Application Targeted Routing (ATR) Perfect Filters
--------------------------------------------------
ATR is enabled by default when the kernel is in multiple transmit queue mode.
An ATR Intel Ethernet Flow Director filter rule is added when a TCP-IP flow
starts and is deleted when the flow ends. When a TCP-IP Intel Ethernet Flow
Director rule is added from ethtool (Sideband filter), ATR is turned off by the
driver. To re-enable ATR, the sideband can be disabled with the ethtool -K
option. For example::
ethtool –K [adapter] ntuple [off|on]
If sideband is re-enabled after ATR is re-enabled, ATR remains enabled until a
TCP-IP flow is added. When all TCP-IP sideband rules are deleted, ATR is
automatically re-enabled.
Packets that match the ATR rules are counted in fdir_atr_match stats in
ethtool, which also can be used to verify whether ATR rules still exist.
Sideband Perfect Filters
------------------------
Sideband Perfect Filters are used to direct traffic that matches specified
characteristics. They are enabled through ethtool's ntuple interface. To add a
new filter use the following command::
ethtool -U <device> flow-type <type> src-ip <ip> dst-ip <ip> src-port <port> \
dst-port <port> action <queue>
Where:
<device> - the ethernet device to program
<type> - can be ip4, tcp4, udp4, or sctp4
<ip> - the ip address to match on
<port> - the port number to match on
<queue> - the queue to direct traffic towards (-1 discards matching traffic)
Use the following command to display all of the active filters::
ethtool -u <device>
Use the following command to delete a filter::
ethtool -U <device> delete <N>
Where <N> is the filter id displayed when printing all the active filters, and
may also have been specified using "loc <N>" when adding the filter.
The following example matches TCP traffic sent from 192.168.0.1, port 5300,
directed to 192.168.0.5, port 80, and sends it to queue 7::
ethtool -U enp130s0 flow-type tcp4 src-ip 192.168.0.1 dst-ip 192.168.0.5 \
src-port 5300 dst-port 80 action 7
For each flow-type, the programmed filters must all have the same matching
input set. For example, issuing the following two commands is acceptable::
The driver in this release is compatible with the Intel Ethernet
Controller XL710 Family.
ethtool -U enp130s0 flow-type ip4 src-ip 192.168.0.1 src-port 5300 action 7
ethtool -U enp130s0 flow-type ip4 src-ip 192.168.0.5 src-port 55 action 10
For more information on how to identify your adapter, go to the Adapter &
Driver ID Guide at:
Issuing the next two commands, however, is not acceptable, since the first
specifies src-ip and the second specifies dst-ip::
http://support.intel.com/support/network/sb/CS-012904.htm
ethtool -U enp130s0 flow-type ip4 src-ip 192.168.0.1 src-port 5300 action 7
ethtool -U enp130s0 flow-type ip4 dst-ip 192.168.0.5 src-port 55 action 10
The second command will fail with an error. You may program multiple filters
with the same fields, using different values, but, on one device, you may not
program two tcp4 filters with different matching fields.
Enabling the driver
===================
Matching on a sub-portion of a field is not supported by the i40e driver, thus
partial mask fields are not supported.
The driver is enabled via the standard kernel configuration system,
using the make command:
The driver also supports matching user-defined data within the packet payload.
This flexible data is specified using the "user-def" field of the ethtool
command in the following way:
make config/oldconfig/menuconfig/etc.
+----------------------------+--------------------------+
| 31 28 24 20 16 | 15 12 8 4 0 |
+----------------------------+--------------------------+
| offset into packet payload | 2 bytes of flexible data |
+----------------------------+--------------------------+
The driver is located in the menu structure at:
For example,
-> Device Drivers
-> Network device support (NETDEVICES [=y])
-> Ethernet driver support
-> Intel devices
-> Intel(R) Ethernet Controller XL710 Family
::
Additional Configurations
=========================
... user-def 0x4FFFF ...
Generic Receive Offload (GRO)
-----------------------------
The driver supports the in-kernel software implementation of GRO. GRO has
shown that by coalescing Rx traffic into larger chunks of data, CPU
utilization can be significantly reduced when under large Rx load. GRO is
an evolution of the previously-used LRO interface. GRO is able to coalesce
other protocols besides TCP. It's also safe to use with configurations that
are problematic for LRO, namely bridging and iSCSI.
tells the filter to look 4 bytes into the payload and match that value against
0xFFFF. The offset is based on the beginning of the payload, and not the
beginning of the packet. Thus
Ethtool
-------
The driver utilizes the ethtool interface for driver configuration and
diagnostics, as well as displaying statistical information. The latest
ethtool version is required for this functionality.
::
The latest release of ethtool can be found from
https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/network/ethtool
flow-type tcp4 ... user-def 0x8BEAF ...
would match TCP/IPv4 packets which have the value 0xBEAF 8 bytes into the
TCP/IPv4 payload.
Flow Director n-ntuple traffic filters (FDir)
---------------------------------------------
The driver utilizes the ethtool interface for configuring ntuple filters,
via "ethtool -N <device> <filter>".
Note that ICMP headers are parsed as 4 bytes of header and 4 bytes of payload.
Thus to match the first byte of the payload, you must actually add 4 bytes to
the offset. Also note that ip4 filters match both ICMP frames as well as raw
(unknown) ip4 frames, where the payload will be the L3 payload of the IP4 frame.
The sctp4, ip4, udp4, and tcp4 flow types are supported with the standard
fields including src-ip, dst-ip, src-port and dst-port. The driver only
supports fully enabling or fully masking the fields, so use of the mask
fields for partial matches is not supported.
The maximum offset is 64. The hardware will only read up to 64 bytes of data
from the payload. The offset must be even because the flexible data is 2 bytes
long and must be aligned to byte 0 of the packet payload.
Additionally, the driver supports using the action to specify filters for a
Virtual Function. You can specify the action as a 64bit value, where the
lower 32 bits represents the queue number, while the next 8 bits represent
which VF. Note that 0 is the PF, so the VF identifier is offset by 1. For
example:
The user-defined flexible offset is also considered part of the input set and
cannot be programmed separately for multiple filters of the same type. However,
the flexible data is not part of the input set and multiple filters may use the
same offset but match against different data.
To create filters that direct traffic to a specific Virtual Function, use the
"action" parameter. Specify the action as a 64 bit value, where the lower 32
bits represents the queue number, while the next 8 bits represent which VF.
Note that 0 is the PF, so the VF identifier is offset by 1. For example::
... action 0x800000002 ...
Would indicate to direct traffic for Virtual Function 7 (8 minus 1) on queue
2 of that VF.
specifies to direct traffic to Virtual Function 7 (8 minus 1) into queue 2 of
that VF.
Note that these filters will not break internal routing rules, and will not
route traffic that otherwise would not have been sent to the specified Virtual
Function.
Setting the link-down-on-close Private Flag
-------------------------------------------
When the link-down-on-close private flag is set to "on", the port's link will
go down when the interface is brought down using the ifconfig ethX down command.
Use ethtool to view and set link-down-on-close, as follows::
ethtool --show-priv-flags ethX
ethtool --set-priv-flags ethX link-down-on-close [on|off]
Viewing Link Messages
---------------------
Link messages will not be displayed to the console if the distribution is
restricting system messages. In order to see network driver link messages on
your console, set dmesg to eight by entering the following::
dmesg -n 8
NOTE: This setting is not saved across reboots.
Jumbo Frames
------------
Jumbo Frames support is enabled by changing the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)
to a value larger than the default value of 1500.
Use the ifconfig command to increase the MTU size. For example, enter the
following where <x> is the interface number::
ifconfig eth<x> mtu 9000 up
Alternatively, you can use the ip command as follows::
ip link set mtu 9000 dev eth<x>
ip link set up dev eth<x>
This setting is not saved across reboots. The setting change can be made
permanent by adding 'MTU=9000' to the file::
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth<x> // for RHEL
/etc/sysconfig/network/<config_file> // for SLES
NOTE: The maximum MTU setting for Jumbo Frames is 9702. This value coincides
with the maximum Jumbo Frames size of 9728 bytes.
NOTE: This driver will attempt to use multiple page sized buffers to receive
each jumbo packet. This should help to avoid buffer starvation issues when
allocating receive packets.
ethtool
-------
The driver utilizes the ethtool interface for driver configuration and
diagnostics, as well as displaying statistical information. The latest ethtool
version is required for this functionality. Download it at:
https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/network/ethtool/
Supported ethtool Commands and Options for Filtering
----------------------------------------------------
-n --show-nfc
Retrieves the receive network flow classification configurations.
rx-flow-hash tcp4|udp4|ah4|esp4|sctp4|tcp6|udp6|ah6|esp6|sctp6
Retrieves the hash options for the specified network traffic type.
-N --config-nfc
Configures the receive network flow classification.
rx-flow-hash tcp4|udp4|ah4|esp4|sctp4|tcp6|udp6|ah6|esp6|sctp6 m|v|t|s|d|f|n|r...
Configures the hash options for the specified network traffic type.
udp4 UDP over IPv4
udp6 UDP over IPv6
f Hash on bytes 0 and 1 of the Layer 4 header of the Rx packet.
n Hash on bytes 2 and 3 of the Layer 4 header of the Rx packet.
Speed and Duplex Configuration
------------------------------
In addressing speed and duplex configuration issues, you need to distinguish
between copper-based adapters and fiber-based adapters.
In the default mode, an Intel(R) Ethernet Network Adapter using copper
connections will attempt to auto-negotiate with its link partner to determine
the best setting. If the adapter cannot establish link with the link partner
using auto-negotiation, you may need to manually configure the adapter and link
partner to identical settings to establish link and pass packets. This should
only be needed when attempting to link with an older switch that does not
support auto-negotiation or one that has been forced to a specific speed or
duplex mode. Your link partner must match the setting you choose. 1 Gbps speeds
and higher cannot be forced. Use the autonegotiation advertising setting to
manually set devices for 1 Gbps and higher.
NOTE: You cannot set the speed for devices based on the Intel(R) Ethernet
Network Adapter XXV710 based devices.
Speed, duplex, and autonegotiation advertising are configured through the
ethtool* utility.
The driver also supports using the user-defined field to specify 2 bytes of
arbitrary data to match within the packet payload in addition to the regular
fields. The data is specified in the lower 32bits of the user-def field in
the following way:
Caution: Only experienced network administrators should force speed and duplex
or change autonegotiation advertising manually. The settings at the switch must
always match the adapter settings. Adapter performance may suffer or your
adapter may not operate if you configure the adapter differently from your
switch.
+----------------------------+---------------------------+
| 31 28 24 20 16 | 15 12 8 4 0|
+----------------------------+---------------------------+
| offset into packet payload | 2 bytes of flexible data |
+----------------------------+---------------------------+
An Intel(R) Ethernet Network Adapter using fiber-based connections, however,
will not attempt to auto-negotiate with its link partner since those adapters
operate only in full duplex and only at their native speed.
As an example,
NAPI
----
NAPI (Rx polling mode) is supported in the i40e driver.
For more information on NAPI, see
https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/networking/napi
... user-def 0x4FFFF ....
Flow Control
------------
Ethernet Flow Control (IEEE 802.3x) can be configured with ethtool to enable
receiving and transmitting pause frames for i40e. When transmit is enabled,
pause frames are generated when the receive packet buffer crosses a predefined
threshold. When receive is enabled, the transmit unit will halt for the time
delay specified when a pause frame is received.
means to match the value 0xFFFF 4 bytes into the packet payload. Note that
the offset is based on the beginning of the payload, and not the beginning
of the packet. Thus
NOTE: You must have a flow control capable link partner.
flow-type tcp4 ... user-def 0x8BEAF ....
Flow Control is on by default.
would match TCP/IPv4 packets which have the value 0xBEAF 8bytes into the
TCP/IPv4 payload.
Use ethtool to change the flow control settings.
For ICMP, the hardware parses the ICMP header as 4 bytes of header and 4
bytes of payload, so if you want to match an ICMP frames payload you may need
to add 4 to the offset in order to match the data.
To enable or disable Rx or Tx Flow Control::
ethtool -A eth? rx <on|off> tx <on|off>
Note: This command only enables or disables Flow Control if auto-negotiation is
disabled. If auto-negotiation is enabled, this command changes the parameters
used for auto-negotiation with the link partner.
To enable or disable auto-negotiation::
ethtool -s eth? autoneg <on|off>
Note: Flow Control auto-negotiation is part of link auto-negotiation. Depending
on your device, you may not be able to change the auto-negotiation setting.
RSS Hash Flow
-------------
Allows you to set the hash bytes per flow type and any combination of one or
more options for Receive Side Scaling (RSS) hash byte configuration.
::
# ethtool -N <dev> rx-flow-hash <type> <option>
Where <type> is:
tcp4 signifying TCP over IPv4
udp4 signifying UDP over IPv4
tcp6 signifying TCP over IPv6
udp6 signifying UDP over IPv6
And <option> is one or more of:
s Hash on the IP source address of the Rx packet.
d Hash on the IP destination address of the Rx packet.
f Hash on bytes 0 and 1 of the Layer 4 header of the Rx packet.
n Hash on bytes 2 and 3 of the Layer 4 header of the Rx packet.
MAC and VLAN anti-spoofing feature
----------------------------------
When a malicious driver attempts to send a spoofed packet, it is dropped by the
hardware and not transmitted.
NOTE: This feature can be disabled for a specific Virtual Function (VF)::
ip link set <pf dev> vf <vf id> spoofchk {off|on}
IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP) Hardware Clock (PHC)
------------------------------------------------------------
Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is used to synchronize clocks in a computer
network. PTP support varies among Intel devices that support this driver. Use
"ethtool -T <netdev name>" to get a definitive list of PTP capabilities
supported by the device.
IEEE 802.1ad (QinQ) Support
---------------------------
The IEEE 802.1ad standard, informally known as QinQ, allows for multiple VLAN
IDs within a single Ethernet frame. VLAN IDs are sometimes referred to as
"tags," and multiple VLAN IDs are thus referred to as a "tag stack." Tag stacks
allow L2 tunneling and the ability to segregate traffic within a particular
VLAN ID, among other uses.
The following are examples of how to configure 802.1ad (QinQ)::
ip link add link eth0 eth0.24 type vlan proto 802.1ad id 24
ip link add link eth0.24 eth0.24.371 type vlan proto 802.1Q id 371
Where "24" and "371" are example VLAN IDs.
NOTES:
Receive checksum offloads, cloud filters, and VLAN acceleration are not
supported for 802.1ad (QinQ) packets.
VXLAN and GENEVE Overlay HW Offloading
--------------------------------------
Virtual Extensible LAN (VXLAN) allows you to extend an L2 network over an L3
network, which may be useful in a virtualized or cloud environment. Some
Intel(R) Ethernet Network devices perform VXLAN processing, offloading it from
the operating system. This reduces CPU utilization.
VXLAN offloading is controlled by the Tx and Rx checksum offload options
provided by ethtool. That is, if Tx checksum offload is enabled, and the
adapter has the capability, VXLAN offloading is also enabled.
Support for VXLAN and GENEVE HW offloading is dependent on kernel support of
the HW offloading features.
Multiple Functions per Port
---------------------------
Some adapters based on the Intel Ethernet Controller X710/XL710 support
multiple functions on a single physical port. Configure these functions through
the System Setup/BIOS.
Minimum TX Bandwidth is the guaranteed minimum data transmission bandwidth, as
a percentage of the full physical port link speed, that the partition will
receive. The bandwidth the partition is awarded will never fall below the level
you specify.
Furthermore, the offset can only be up to a value of 64, as the hardware
will only read up to 64 bytes of data from the payload. It must also be even
as the flexible data is 2 bytes long and must be aligned to byte 0 of the
packet payload.
The range for the minimum bandwidth values is:
1 to ((100 minus # of partitions on the physical port) plus 1)
For example, if a physical port has 4 partitions, the range would be:
1 to ((100 - 4) + 1 = 97)
The Maximum Bandwidth percentage represents the maximum transmit bandwidth
allocated to the partition as a percentage of the full physical port link
speed. The accepted range of values is 1-100. The value is used as a limiter,
should you chose that any one particular function not be able to consume 100%
of a port's bandwidth (should it be available). The sum of all the values for
Maximum Bandwidth is not restricted, because no more than 100% of a port's
bandwidth can ever be used.
NOTE: X710/XXV710 devices fail to enable Max VFs (64) when Multiple Functions
per Port (MFP) and SR-IOV are enabled. An error from i40e is logged that says
"add vsi failed for VF N, aq_err 16". To workaround the issue, enable less than
64 virtual functions (VFs).
Data Center Bridging (DCB)
--------------------------
DCB is a configuration Quality of Service implementation in hardware. It uses
the VLAN priority tag (802.1p) to filter traffic. That means that there are 8
different priorities that traffic can be filtered into. It also enables
priority flow control (802.1Qbb) which can limit or eliminate the number of
dropped packets during network stress. Bandwidth can be allocated to each of
these priorities, which is enforced at the hardware level (802.1Qaz).
Adapter firmware implements LLDP and DCBX protocol agents as per 802.1AB and
802.1Qaz respectively. The firmware based DCBX agent runs in willing mode only
and can accept settings from a DCBX capable peer. Software configuration of
DCBX parameters via dcbtool/lldptool are not supported.
NOTE: Firmware LLDP can be disabled by setting the private flag disable-fw-lldp.
The i40e driver implements the DCB netlink interface layer to allow user-space
to communicate with the driver and query DCB configuration for the port.
NOTE:
The kernel assumes that TC0 is available, and will disable Priority Flow
Control (PFC) on the device if TC0 is not available. To fix this, ensure TC0 is
enabled when setting up DCB on your switch.
Interrupt Rate Limiting
-----------------------
:Valid Range: 0-235 (0=no limit)
The Intel(R) Ethernet Controller XL710 family supports an interrupt rate
limiting mechanism. The user can control, via ethtool, the number of
microseconds between interrupts.
Syntax::
# ethtool -C ethX rx-usecs-high N
The range of 0-235 microseconds provides an effective range of 4,310 to 250,000
interrupts per second. The value of rx-usecs-high can be set independently of
rx-usecs and tx-usecs in the same ethtool command, and is also independent of
the adaptive interrupt moderation algorithm. The underlying hardware supports
granularity in 4-microsecond intervals, so adjacent values may result in the
same interrupt rate.
One possible use case is the following::
# ethtool -C ethX adaptive-rx off adaptive-tx off rx-usecs-high 20 rx-usecs \
5 tx-usecs 5
The above command would disable adaptive interrupt moderation, and allow a
maximum of 5 microseconds before indicating a receive or transmit was complete.
However, instead of resulting in as many as 200,000 interrupts per second, it
limits total interrupts per second to 50,000 via the rx-usecs-high parameter.
Performance Optimization
========================
Driver defaults are meant to fit a wide variety of workloads, but if further
optimization is required we recommend experimenting with the following settings.
NOTE: For better performance when processing small (64B) frame sizes, try
enabling Hyper threading in the BIOS in order to increase the number of logical
cores in the system and subsequently increase the number of queues available to
the adapter.
Virtualized Environments
------------------------
1. Disable XPS on both ends by using the included virt_perf_default script
or by running the following command as root::
for file in `ls /sys/class/net/<ethX>/queues/tx-*/xps_cpus`;
do echo 0 > $file; done
2. Using the appropriate mechanism (vcpupin) in the vm, pin the cpu's to
individual lcpu's, making sure to use a set of cpu's included in the
device's local_cpulist: /sys/class/net/<ethX>/device/local_cpulist.
3. Configure as many Rx/Tx queues in the VM as available. Do not rely on
the default setting of 1.
Non-virtualized Environments
----------------------------
Pin the adapter's IRQs to specific cores by disabling the irqbalance service
and using the included set_irq_affinity script. Please see the script's help
text for further options.
- The following settings will distribute the IRQs across all the cores evenly::
# scripts/set_irq_affinity -x all <interface1> , [ <interface2>, ... ]
- The following settings will distribute the IRQs across all the cores that are
local to the adapter (same NUMA node)::
# scripts/set_irq_affinity -x local <interface1> ,[ <interface2>, ... ]
For very CPU intensive workloads, we recommend pinning the IRQs to all cores.
For IP Forwarding: Disable Adaptive ITR and lower Rx and Tx interrupts per
queue using ethtool.
When programming filters, the hardware is limited to using a single input
set for each flow type. This means that it is an error to program two
different filters with the same type that don't match on the same fields.
Thus the second of the following two commands will fail:
- Setting rx-usecs and tx-usecs to 125 will limit interrupts to about 8000
interrupts per second per queue.
ethtool -N <device> flow-type tcp4 src-ip 192.168.0.7 action 5
ethtool -N <device> flow-type tcp4 dst-ip 192.168.15.18 action 1
::
This is because the first filter will be accepted and reprogram the input
set for TCPv4 filters, but the second filter will be unable to reprogram the
input set until all the conflicting TCPv4 filters are first removed.
# ethtool -C <interface> adaptive-rx off adaptive-tx off rx-usecs 125 \
tx-usecs 125
Note that the user-defined flexible offset is also considered part of the
input set and cannot be programmed separately for multiple filters of the
same type. However, the flexible data is not part of the input set and
multiple filters may use the same offset but match against different data.
For lower CPU utilization: Disable Adaptive ITR and lower Rx and Tx interrupts
per queue using ethtool.
Data Center Bridging (DCB)
--------------------------
DCB configuration is not currently supported.
- Setting rx-usecs and tx-usecs to 250 will limit interrupts to about 4000
interrupts per second per queue.
FCoE
----
The driver supports Fiber Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) and Data Center
Bridging (DCB) functionality. Configuring DCB and FCoE is outside the scope
of this driver doc. Refer to http://www.open-fcoe.org/ for FCoE project
information and http://www.open-lldp.org/ or email list
e1000-eedc@lists.sourceforge.net for DCB information.
::
MAC and VLAN anti-spoofing feature
----------------------------------
When a malicious driver attempts to send a spoofed packet, it is dropped by
the hardware and not transmitted. An interrupt is sent to the PF driver
notifying it of the spoof attempt.
# ethtool -C <interface> adaptive-rx off adaptive-tx off rx-usecs 250 \
tx-usecs 250
When a spoofed packet is detected the PF driver will send the following
message to the system log (displayed by the "dmesg" command):
For lower latency: Disable Adaptive ITR and ITR by setting Rx and Tx to 0 using
ethtool.
Spoof event(s) detected on VF (n)
::
Where n=the VF that attempted to do the spoofing.
# ethtool -C <interface> adaptive-rx off adaptive-tx off rx-usecs 0 \
tx-usecs 0
Application Device Queues (ADq)
-------------------------------
Application Device Queues (ADq) allows you to dedicate one or more queues to a
specific application. This can reduce latency for the specified application,
and allow Tx traffic to be rate limited per application. Follow the steps below
to set ADq.
Performance Tuning
==================
1. Create traffic classes (TCs). Maximum of 8 TCs can be created per interface.
The shaper bw_rlimit parameter is optional.
An excellent article on performance tuning can be found at:
Example: Sets up two tcs, tc0 and tc1, with 16 queues each and max tx rate set
to 1Gbit for tc0 and 3Gbit for tc1.
http://www.redhat.com/promo/summit/2008/downloads/pdf/Thursday/Mark_Wagner.pdf
::
# tc qdisc add dev <interface> root mqprio num_tc 2 map 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
queues 16@0 16@16 hw 1 mode channel shaper bw_rlimit min_rate 1Gbit 2Gbit
max_rate 1Gbit 3Gbit
Known Issues
============
map: priority mapping for up to 16 priorities to tcs (e.g. map 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
sets priorities 0-3 to use tc0 and 4-7 to use tc1)
queues: for each tc, <num queues>@<offset> (e.g. queues 16@0 16@16 assigns
16 queues to tc0 at offset 0 and 16 queues to tc1 at offset 16. Max total
number of queues for all tcs is 64 or number of cores, whichever is lower.)
hw 1 mode channel: ‘channel’ with ‘hw’ set to 1 is a new new hardware
offload mode in mqprio that makes full use of the mqprio options, the
TCs, the queue configurations, and the QoS parameters.
shaper bw_rlimit: for each tc, sets minimum and maximum bandwidth rates.
Totals must be equal or less than port speed.
For example: min_rate 1Gbit 3Gbit: Verify bandwidth limit using network
monitoring tools such as ifstat or sar –n DEV [interval] [number of samples]
2. Enable HW TC offload on interface::
# ethtool -K <interface> hw-tc-offload on
3. Apply TCs to ingress (RX) flow of interface::
# tc qdisc add dev <interface> ingress
NOTES:
- Run all tc commands from the iproute2 <pathtoiproute2>/tc/ directory.
- ADq is not compatible with cloud filters.
- Setting up channels via ethtool (ethtool -L) is not supported when the
TCs are configured using mqprio.
- You must have iproute2 latest version
- NVM version 6.01 or later is required.
- ADq cannot be enabled when any the following features are enabled: Data
Center Bridging (DCB), Multiple Functions per Port (MFP), or Sideband
Filters.
- If another driver (for example, DPDK) has set cloud filters, you cannot
enable ADq.
- Tunnel filters are not supported in ADq. If encapsulated packets do
arrive in non-tunnel mode, filtering will be done on the inner headers.
For example, for VXLAN traffic in non-tunnel mode, PCTYPE is identified
as a VXLAN encapsulated packet, outer headers are ignored. Therefore,
inner headers are matched.
- If a TC filter on a PF matches traffic over a VF (on the PF), that
traffic will be routed to the appropriate queue of the PF, and will
not be passed on the VF. Such traffic will end up getting dropped higher
up in the TCP/IP stack as it does not match PF address data.
- If traffic matches multiple TC filters that point to different TCs,
that traffic will be duplicated and sent to all matching TC queues.
The hardware switch mirrors the packet to a VSI list when multiple
filters are matched.
Known Issues/Troubleshooting
============================
NOTE: 1 Gb devices based on the Intel(R) Ethernet Network Connection X722 do
not support the following features:
* Data Center Bridging (DCB)
* QOS
* VMQ
* SR-IOV
* Task Encapsulation offload (VXLAN, NVGRE)
* Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE)
* Auto-media detect
Unexpected Issues when the device driver and DPDK share a device
----------------------------------------------------------------
Unexpected issues may result when an i40e device is in multi driver mode and
the kernel driver and DPDK driver are sharing the device. This is because
access to the global NIC resources is not synchronized between multiple
drivers. Any change to the global NIC configuration (writing to a global
register, setting global configuration by AQ, or changing switch modes) will
affect all ports and drivers on the device. Loading DPDK with the
"multi-driver" module parameter may mitigate some of the issues.
TC0 must be enabled when setting up DCB on a switch
---------------------------------------------------
The kernel assumes that TC0 is available, and will disable Priority Flow
Control (PFC) on the device if TC0 is not available. To fix this, ensure TC0 is
enabled when setting up DCB on your switch.
Support
=======
For general information, go to the Intel support website at:
http://support.intel.com
https://www.intel.com/support/
or the Intel Wired Networking project hosted by Sourceforge at:
http://e1000.sourceforge.net
https://sourceforge.net/projects/e1000
If an issue is identified with the released source code on the supported
kernel with a supported adapter, email the specific information related
to the issue to e1000-devel@lists.sourceforge.net and copy
netdev@vger.kernel.org.
If an issue is identified with the released source code on a supported kernel
with a supported adapter, email the specific information related to the issue
to e1000-devel@lists.sf.net.
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