Added tests for "typed memoryviews" part 1

fixes #2422

Fixed minor formatting issue in some of the examples.

Added the C array conversion to and from python in "language basics".

Avoid being redirected every time the doc is being built.

Added mention of .pyd files for windows users.

Removed the mode "test" for the tests because it's not a real test mode.

docs: Added a link to the include directory in "Using C++ in Cython".

Added tests for "Using C++ in Cython" part 1

Added tests for "Using C++ in Cython" part 2

Added tests for "Using C++ in Cython" part 3

Added tests for "Using C++ in Cython" part 4

Added tests for "Using C++ in Cython" part 5

Added tests for "Using C++ in Cython" part 7

Also exclude the parser from compilation, since its binary size is almost 1MB, but it only contributes a couple of percent to the overall runtime.

Remove some large binary modules from the compiled Cython installation that contribute almost nothing to the compiler speedup (and thus only waste disk space and build time).

docs: Added a note about the performance of slicing C++ stl containers.

Fix test_itimer on x32

On x32, tv_sec and tv_usec are in fact long long rather than the standard long,
and so in Python 2.x are automatically converted to Python longs, causing the
test to fail with:

    Failed example:
        test_itimer(10, 2)
    Expected:
        (10, 2)
    Got:
        (10L, 2L)

To fix this, we should explicitly call the int constructor.

2) makes the check robuster also "cythonize xxx/cython.pyx" fails now.

Add safety checks to prevent exception subtype checks with non-types. This raises a TypeError in Py3 now and we should handle that at some point.