Commit 5fe67153 authored by alvyjudy's avatar alvyjudy

docs: WIP rewrite functionalities

such that each section is comprised of a quick intro and example
that illustrate the use of that functionality and provide a link
to a more detailed explanation.
parent 7d3317de
========================================================
Using setuptools to package and distribute your project
========================================================
``setuptools`` offers a variety of functionalities that make it easy to
build and distribute your python package. Here we provide an overview on
the commonly used ones.
Automatic package discovery
===========================
For simple projects, it's usually easy enough to manually add packages to
the ``packages`` argument of ``setup()``. However, for very large projects
, it can be a big burden to keep the package list updated. setuptools therefore
provides two tools to ease the burden.
``find_packages()`` takes a source directory and two lists of package name
patterns to exclude and include. It then walks the target directory, filtering
by inclusion patterns, and finds Python packages (any directory). Packages are only
recognized if they include an ``__init__.py`` file. Finally, exclusion
patterns are applied to remove matching packages.
Inclusion and exclusion patterns are package names, optionally including
wildcards. For example, ``find_packages(exclude=["*.tests"])`` will exclude
all packages whose last name part is ``tests``. Or, ``find_packages(exclude=["*.tests",
"*.tests.*"])`` will also exclude any subpackages of packages named ``tests``,
but it still won't exclude a top-level ``tests`` package or the children
thereof.
Regardless of the parameters, the ``find_packages()``
function returns a list of package names suitable for use as the ``packages``
argument to ``setup()``, and so is usually the easiest way to set that
argument in your setup script. Especially since it frees you from having to
remember to modify your setup script whenever your project grows additional
top-level packages or subpackages.
Entry points and automatic script creation
===========================================
Setuptools support automatic creation of scripts upon installation, that runs
code within your package if you specify them with the ``entry_point`` keyword.
This is what allows you to run commands like ``pip install`` instead of having
to type ``python -m pip install``. To accomplish this, consider the following
example::
setup(
#....
entry_points={
"console_scripts": [
"foo = my_package.some_module:main_func",
"bar = other_module:some_func",
],
"gui_scripts": [
"baz = my_package_gui:start_func",
]
}
)
When this project is installed on non-Windows platforms (using "setup.py
install", "setup.py develop", or with pip), a set of ``foo``, ``bar``,
and ``baz`` scripts will be installed that import ``main_func`` and
``some_func`` from the specified modules. On Windows, a set of ``foo.exe``,
``bar.exe``, and ``baz.exe`` launchers are
created, alongside a set of ``foo.py``, ``bar.py``, and ``baz.pyw`` files. The
``.exe`` wrappers find and execute the right version of Python to run the
``.py`` or ``.pyw`` file.
For detailed usage, including managing the additional or optional dependencies,
go to :ref:`entry_point`.
Dependency management
=====================
``setuptools`` supports automatically installing dependencies when a package is
installed. The simplest way to include requirement specifiers is to use the
``install_requires`` argument to ``setup()``. It takes a string or list of
strings containing requirement specifiers::
setup(
#...
install_requires = "docutils >= 0.3"
)
When your project is installed, either by using pip, ``setup.py install``,
or ``setup.py develop``, all of the dependencies not already installed will
be located (via PyPI), downloaded, built (if necessary), and installed.
For more advanced use, see :ref:`dependencies`
Including Data Files
====================
Development mode
================
Setuptools allows you to deploy your projects for use in a common directory or
staging area, but without copying any files. Thus, you can edit each project's
code in its checkout directory, and only need to run build commands when you
change a project's C extensions or similarly compiled files.
To do this, use the ``setup.py develop`` command. It works very similarly to
``setup.py install``, except that it doesn't actually install anything.
Instead, it creates a special ``.egg-link`` file in the deployment directory,
that links to your project's source code. And, if your deployment directory is
Python's ``site-packages`` directory, it will also update the
``easy-install.pth`` file to include your project's source code, thereby making
it available on ``sys.path`` for all programs using that Python installation.
for more information, go to :ref:`development_mode`
Distributing a ``setuptools``-based project
===========================================
Before you begin, make sure you have the latest versions of setuptools and wheel::
pip install --upgrade setuptools wheel
To build a setuptools project, run this command from the same directory where
setup.py is located::
setup.py sdist bdist_wheel
This will generate distribution archives in the `dist` directory.
Before you upload the generated archives make sure you're registered on
https://test.pypi.org/account/register/. You will also need to verify your email
to be able to upload any packages.
You should install twine to be able to upload packages::
pip install --upgrade twine
Now, to upload these archives, run::
twine upload --repository-url https://test.pypi.org/legacy/ dist/*
To install your newly uploaded package ``example_pkg``, you can use pip::
pip install --index-url https://test.pypi.org/simple/ example_pkg
The next following sections will walk you through all of the available functions
``setuptools`` offers in excrutiating details (including those already mentioned)
for more advanced use.
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