[Bug #1508766] Add docs for uuid module; docs written by George Yoshida, with...

[Bug #1508766] Add docs for uuid module; docs written by George Yoshida, with minor rearrangements by me.

Doc/lib/libuuid.tex

+\section{\module{uuid} ---
+         UUID objects according to RFC 4122}
+\declaremodule{builtin}{uuid}
+\modulesynopsis{UUID objects (universally unique identifiers) according to RFC 4122}
+\moduleauthor{Ka-Ping Yee}{ping@zesty.ca}
+\sectionauthor{George Yoshida}{quiver@users.sourceforge.net}
+
+\versionadded{2.5}
+
+This module provides immutable \class{UUID} objects (the \class{UUID} class)
+and the functions \function{uuid1()}, \function{uuid3()},
+\function{uuid4()}, \function{uuid5()} for generating version 1, 3, 4,
+and 5 UUIDs as specified in \rfc{4122}.
+
+If all you want is a unique ID, you should probably call
+\function{uuid1()} or \function{uuid4()}.  Note that \function{uuid1()}
+may compromise privacy since it creates a UUID containing the computer's
+network address.  \function{uuid4()} creates a random UUID.
+
+\begin{classdesc}{UUID}{\optional{hex\optional{, bytes\optional{,
+fields\optional{, int\optional{, version}}}}}}
+
+%Instances of the UUID class represent UUIDs as specified in RFC 4122.
+%UUID objects are immutable, hashable, and usable as dictionary keys.
+%Converting a UUID to a string with str() yields something in the form
+%'12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789abc'.  The UUID constructor accepts
+%four possible forms: a similar string of hexadecimal digits, or a
+%string of 16 raw bytes as an argument named 'bytes', or a tuple of
+%six integer fields (with 32-bit, 16-bit, 16-bit, 8-bit, 8-bit, and
+%48-bit values respectively) as an argument named 'fields', or a single
+%128-bit integer as an argument named 'int'.
+
+Create a UUID from either a string of 32 hexadecimal digits,
+a string of 16 bytes as the \var{bytes} argument, a tuple of six
+integers (32-bit \var{time_low}, 16-bit \var{time_mid}, 
+16-bit \var{time_hi_version},
+8-bit \var{clock_seq_hi_variant}, 8-bit \var{clock_seq_low}, 48-bit \var{node})
+as the \var{fields} argument, or a single 128-bit integer as the \var{int}
+argument.  When a string of hex digits is given, curly braces,
+hyphens, and a URN prefix are all optional.  For example, these
+expressions all yield the same UUID:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+UUID('{12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678}')
+UUID('12345678123456781234567812345678')
+UUID('urn:uuid:12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678')
+UUID(bytes='\x12\x34\x56\x78'*4)
+UUID(fields=(0x12345678, 0x1234, 0x5678, 0x12, 0x34, 0x567812345678))
+UUID(int=0x12345678123456781234567812345678)
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Exactly one of \var{hex}, \var{bytes}, \var{fields}, or \var{int} must
+be given.  The \var{version} argument is optional; if given, the
+resulting UUID will have its variant and version number set according to
+RFC 4122, overriding bits in the given \var{hex}, \var{bytes},
+\var{fields}, or \var{int}.
+
+\end{classdesc}
+
+\class{UUID} instances have these read-only attributes:
+
+\begin{memberdesc}{bytes}
+The UUID as a 16-byte string.
+\end{memberdesc}
+
+\begin{memberdesc}{fields}
+A tuple of the six integer fields of the UUID, which are also available
+as six individual attributes and two derived attributes:
+
+\begin{tableii}{l|l}{member}{Field}{Meaning}
+  \lineii{time_low}{the first 32 bits of the UUID}
+  \lineii{time_mid}{the next 16 bits of the UUID}
+  \lineii{time_hi_version}{the next 16 bits of the UUID}
+  \lineii{clock_seq_hi_variant}{the next 8 bits of the UUID}
+  \lineii{clock_seq_low}{the next 8 bits of the UUID}
+  \lineii{node}{the last 48 bits of the UUID}
+  \lineii{time}{the 60-bit timestamp}
+  \lineii{clock_seq}{the 14-bit sequence number}
+\end{tableii}
+
+
+\end{memberdesc}
+
+\begin{memberdesc}{hex}
+The UUID as a 32-character hexadecimal string.
+\end{memberdesc}
+
+\begin{memberdesc}{int}
+The UUID as a 128-bit integer.
+\end{memberdesc}
+
+\begin{memberdesc}{urn}
+The UUID as a URN as specified in RFC 4122.
+\end{memberdesc}
+
+\begin{memberdesc}{variant}
+The UUID variant, which determines the internal layout of the UUID.
+This will be an integer equal to one of the constants
+\constant{RESERVED_NCS},
+\constant{RFC_4122}, \constant{RESERVED_MICROSOFT}, or
+\constant{RESERVED_FUTURE}).
+\end{memberdesc}
+
+\begin{memberdesc}{version}
+The UUID version number (1 through 5, meaningful only
+when the variant is \constant{RFC_4122}).
+\end{memberdesc}
+
+The \module{uuid} module defines the following functions
+
+\begin{funcdesc}{getnode}{}
+Get the hardware address as a 48-bit integer.  The first time this runs,
+it may launch a separate program, which could be quite slow.  If all
+attempts to obtain the hardware address fail, we choose a random 48-bit
+number with its eighth bit set to 1 as recommended in RFC 4122.
+\end{funcdesc}
+\index{getnode}
+
+\begin{funcdesc}{uuid1}{\optional{node\optional{, clock_seq}}}
+Generate a UUID from a host ID, sequence number, and the current time.
+If \var{node} is not given, \function{getnode()} is used to obtain the
+hardware address.
+If \var{clock_seq} is given, it is used as the sequence number;
+otherwise a random 14-bit sequence number is chosen.
+\end{funcdesc}
+\index{uuid1}
+
+\begin{funcdesc}{uuid3}{namespace, name}
+Generate a UUID based upon a MD5 hash of the \var{name} string value 
+drawn from a specified namespace.   \var{namespace} 
+must be one of \constant{NAMESPACE_DNS},
+\constant{NAMESPACE_URL}, \constant{NAMESPACE_OID}, 
+or \constant{NAMESPACE_X500}.
+\end{funcdesc}
+\index{uuid3}
+
+\begin{funcdesc}{uuid4}{}
+Generate a random UUID.
+\end{funcdesc}
+\index{uuid4}
+
+\begin{funcdesc}{uuid5}{namespace, name}
+Generate a UUID based upon a SHA-1 hash of the \var{name} string value 
+drawn from a specified namespace.   \var{namespace} 
+must be one of \constant{NAMESPACE_DNS},
+\constant{NAMESPACE_URL}, \constant{NAMESPACE_OID}, 
+or \constant{NAMESPACE_X500}.
+\end{funcdesc}
+\index{uuid5}
+
+The \module{uuid} module defines the following namespace constants 
+for use with \function{uuid3()} or \function{uuid5()}.
+
+\begin{datadesc}{NAMESPACE_DNS}
+Fully-qualified domain name namespace UUID.
+\end{datadesc}
+
+\begin{datadesc}{NAMESPACE_URL}
+URL namespace UUID.
+\end{datadesc}
+
+\begin{datadesc}{NAMESPACE_OID}
+ISO OID namespace UUID.
+\end{datadesc}
+
+\begin{datadesc}{NAMESPACE_X500}
+X.500 DN namespace UUID.
+\end{datadesc}
+
+The \module{uuid} module defines the following constants 
+for the possible values of the \member{variant} attribute:
+
+\begin{datadesc}{RESERVED_NCS}
+Reserved for NCS compatibility.
+\end{datadesc}
+
+\begin{datadesc}{RFC_4122}
+Uses UUID layout specified in \rfc{4122}.
+\end{datadesc}
+
+\begin{datadesc}{RESERVED_MICROSOFT}
+Reserved for Microsoft backward compatibility.
+\end{datadesc}
+
+\begin{datadesc}{RESERVED_FUTURE}
+Reserved for future definition.
+\end{datadesc}
+
+
+\begin{seealso}
+  \seerfc{4122}{A Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID) URN Namespace}{
+          This specifies a Uniform Resource Name namespace for UUIDs.}
+\end{seealso}
+
+\subsection{Example \label{uuid-example}}
+
+Here is a typical usage:
+\begin{verbatim}
+>>> import uuid
+
+# make a UUID based on the host ID and current time
+>>> uuid.uuid1()
+UUID('a8098c1a-f86e-11da-bd1a-00112444be1e')
+
+# make a UUID using an MD5 hash of a namespace UUID and a name
+>>> uuid.uuid3(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org')
+UUID('6fa459ea-ee8a-3ca4-894e-db77e160355e')
+
+# make a random UUID
+>>> uuid.uuid4()
+UUID('16fd2706-8baf-433b-82eb-8c7fada847da')
+
+# make a UUID using a SHA-1 hash of a namespace UUID and a name
+>>> uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org')
+UUID('886313e1-3b8a-5372-9b90-0c9aee199e5d')
+
+# make a UUID from a string of hex digits (braces and hyphens ignored)
+>>> x = uuid.UUID('{00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f}')
+
+# convert a UUID to a string of hex digits in standard form
+>>> str(x)
+'00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f'
+
+# get the raw 16 bytes of the UUID
+>>> x.bytes
+'\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\t\n\x0b\x0c\r\x0e\x0f'
+
+# make a UUID from a 16-byte string
+>>> uuid.UUID(bytes=x.bytes)
+UUID('00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f')
+\end{verbatim}