Updated for Python 1.4

Demo/tkinter/guido/AttrDialog.py

@@ -24,12 +24,10 @@ class Option:
 		self.master = dialog.top
 		self.default, self.klass = dialog.options[option]
 		self.var = self.varclass(self.master)
-		self.frame = Frame(self.master,
-				   {Pack: {'expand': 0, 'fill': 'x'}})
-		self.label = Label(self.frame,
-				   {'text': option + ':',
-				    Pack: {'side': 'left'},
-				    })
+		self.frame = Frame(self.master)
+		self.frame.pack(fill=X)
+		self.label = Label(self.frame, text=(option + ":"))
+		self.label.pack(side=LEFT)
 		self.update()
 		self.addoption()
 
@@ -53,55 +51,48 @@ class BooleanOption(Option):
 
 	def addoption(self):
 		self.button = Checkbutton(self.frame,
-					 {'text': 'on/off',
-					  'onvalue': '1',
-					  'offvalue': '0',
-					  'variable': self.var,
-					  'relief': 'raised',
-					  'borderwidth': 2,
-					  'command': self.set,
-					  Pack: {'side': 'right'},
-					  })
+					 text='on/off',
+					 onvalue=1,
+					 offvalue=0,
+					 variable=self.var,
+					 relief=RAISED,
+					 borderwidth=2,
+					 command=self.set)
+		self.button.pack(side=RIGHT)
 
 class EnumOption(Option):
 
 	def addoption(self):
 		self.button = Menubutton(self.frame,
-					 {'textvariable': self.var,
-					  'relief': 'raised',
-					  'borderwidth': 2,
-					  Pack: {'side': 'right'},
-					  })
+					 textvariable=self.var,
+					 relief=RAISED, borderwidth=2)
+		self.button.pack(side=RIGHT)
 		self.menu = Menu(self.button)
 		self.button['menu'] = self.menu
 		for v in self.dialog.classes[self.klass]:
 			self.menu.add_radiobutton(
-				{'label': v,
-				 'variable': self.var,
-				 'value': v,
-				 'command': self.set,
-				 })
+			    label=v,
+			    variable=self.var,
+			    value=v,
+			    command=self.set)
 
 class StringOption(Option):
 
 	def addoption(self):
 		self.entry = Entry(self.frame,
-				   {'textvariable': self.var,
-				    'width': 10,
-				    'relief': 'sunken',
-				    'borderwidth': 2,
-				    Pack: {'side': 'right',
-					   'fill': 'x', 'expand': 1},
-				    })
+				   textvariable=self.var,
+				   width=10,
+				   relief=SUNKEN,
+				   borderwidth=2)
+		self.entry.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=X, expand=1)
 		self.entry.bind('<Return>', self.set)
 
 class ReadonlyOption(Option):
 
 	def addoption(self):
-		self.label = Label(self.frame,
-				   {'textvariable': self.var,
-				    'anchor': 'e',
-				    Pack: {'side': 'right'}})
+		self.label = Label(self.frame, textvariable=self.var,
+				   anchor=E)
+		self.label.pack(side=RIGHT)
 
 class Dialog:
 
@@ -156,7 +147,7 @@ class PackDialog(Dialog):
 		Dialog.__init__(self, widget)
 
 	def refresh(self):
-		self.current = self.widget.newinfo()
+		self.current = self.widget.info()
 		self.current['.class'] = self.widget.winfo_class()
 		self.current['.name'] = self.widget._w
 
@@ -164,8 +155,8 @@ class PackDialog(Dialog):
 		def set(self, e=None):
 			self.current = self.var.get()
 			try:
-				Pack.config(self.dialog.widget,
-					    {self.option: self.current})
+				apply(self.dialog.widget.pack, (),
+				      {self.option: self.current})
 			except TclError, msg:
 				print msg
 				self.refresh()
@@ -192,14 +183,14 @@ class PackDialog(Dialog):
 		}
 
 	classes = {
-		'Anchor': ('n','ne', 'e','se', 's','sw', 'w','nw', 'center'),
+		'Anchor': (N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW, CENTER),
 		'Boolean': 'boolean',
 		'Class': 'readonly',
 		'Expand': 'boolean',
-		'Fill': ('none', 'x', 'y', 'both'),
+		'Fill': (NONE, X, Y, BOTH),
 		'Name': 'readonly',
 		'Pad': 'pixel',
-		'Side': ('top', 'right', 'bottom', 'left'),
+		'Side': (TOP, RIGHT, BOTTOM, LEFT),
 		'Widget': 'readonly',
 		}
 
@@ -220,7 +211,7 @@ class RemotePackDialog(PackDialog):
 			words = self.master.tk.splitlist(
 				self.master.send(self.app,
 						 'pack',
-						 'newinfo',
+						 'info',
 						 self.widget))
 		except TclError, msg:
 			print msg
@@ -306,7 +297,7 @@ class WidgetDialog(Dialog):
 
 	# Universal classes
 	classes = {
-		'Anchor': ('n','ne', 'e','se', 's','sw', 'w','nw', 'center'),
+		'Anchor': (N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW, CENTER),
 		'Aspect': 'integer',
 		'Background': 'color',
 		'Bitmap': 'bitmap',
@@ -325,16 +316,16 @@ class WidgetDialog(Dialog):
 		'Geometry': 'geometry',
 		'Height': 'pixel',
 		'InsertWidth': 'time',
-		'Justify': ('left', 'center', 'right'),
+		'Justify': (LEFT, CENTER, RIGHT),
 		'Label': 'string',
 		'Length': 'pixel',
 		'MenuName': 'widget',
 		'Name': 'readonly',
 		'OffTime': 'time',
 		'OnTime': 'time',
-		'Orient': ('horizontal', 'vertical'),
+		'Orient': (HORIZONTAL, VERTICAL),
 		'Pad': 'pixel',
-		'Relief': ('raised', 'sunken', 'flat', 'ridge', 'groove'),
+		'Relief': (RAISED, SUNKEN, FLAT, RIDGE, GROOVE),
 		'RepeatDelay': 'time',
 		'RepeatInterval': 'time',
 		'ScrollCommand': 'command',
@@ -351,12 +342,12 @@ class WidgetDialog(Dialog):
 		'Variable': 'variable',
 		'Value': 'string',
 		'Width': 'pixel',
-		'Wrap': ('none', 'char', 'word'),
+		'Wrap': (NONE, CHAR, WORD),
 		}
 
 	# Classes that (may) differ per widget type
-	_tristate = {'State': ('normal', 'active', 'disabled')}
-	_bistate = {'State': ('normal', 'disabled')}
+	_tristate = {'State': (NORMAL, ACTIVE, DISABLED)}
+	_bistate = {'State': (NORMAL, DISABLED)}
 	addclasses = {
 		'Button': _tristate,
 		'Radiobutton': _tristate,
@@ -424,14 +415,12 @@ def test():
 	if sys.argv[1:]:
 		remotetest(root, sys.argv[1])
 	else:
-		frame = Frame(root, {'name': 'frame',
-				     Pack: {'expand': 1, 'fill': 'both'},
-				     })
-		button = Button(frame, {'name': 'button',
-					'text': 'button',
-					Pack: {'expand': 1}})
-		canvas = Canvas(frame, {'name': 'canvas',
-					Pack: {}})
+		frame = Frame(root, name='frame')
+		frame.pack(expand=1, fill=BOTH)
+		button = Button(frame, name='button', text='button')
+		button.pack(expand=1)
+		canvas = Canvas(frame, name='canvas')
+		canvas.pack()
 		fpd = PackDialog(frame)
 		fwd = WidgetDialog(frame)
 		bpd = PackDialog(button)

Demo/tkinter/guido/ManPage.py

@@ -20,14 +20,14 @@ ulprog = regex.compile('^[ \t]*[Xv!_][Xv!_ \t]*\n')
 class EditableManPage(ScrolledText):
 
 	# Initialize instance
-	def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}):
+	def __init__(self, master=None, **cnf):
 		# Initialize base class
-		ScrolledText.__init__(self, master, cnf)
+		apply(ScrolledText.__init__, (self, master), cnf)
 
 		# Define tags for formatting styles
-		self.tag_config('X', {'underline': 1})
-		self.tag_config('!', {'font': BOLDFONT})
-		self.tag_config('_', {'font': ITALICFONT})
+		self.tag_config('X', underline=1)
+		self.tag_config('!', font=BOLDFONT)
+		self.tag_config('_', font=ITALICFONT)
 
 		# Set state to idle
 		self.fp = None
@@ -83,8 +83,8 @@ class EditableManPage(ScrolledText):
 		self.empty = 0
 		self.buffer = None
 		savestate = self['state']
-		self['state'] = 'normal'
-		self.delete('1.0', 'end')
+		self['state'] = NORMAL
+		self.delete('1.0', END)
 		self['state'] = savestate
 
 	# End parsing -- must be busy, need not be at EOF
@@ -133,11 +133,11 @@ class EditableManPage(ScrolledText):
 			self.empty = 0
 			return
 		savestate = self['state']
-		self['state'] = 'normal'
+		self['state'] = NORMAL
 		if TkVersion >= 4.0:
 			self.mark_set('insert', 'end-1c')
 		else:
-			self.mark_set('insert', 'end')
+			self.mark_set('insert', END)
 		if self.empty:
 			# One or more previous lines were empty
 			# -- insert one blank line in the text
@@ -176,9 +176,9 @@ class EditableManPage(ScrolledText):
 class ReadonlyManPage(EditableManPage):
 
 	# Initialize instance
-	def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}):
-		EditableManPage.__init__(self, master,
-					 (cnf, {'state': 'disabled'}))
+	def __init__(self, master=None, **cnf):
+		cnf['state'] = DISABLED
+		apply(EditableManPage.__init__, (self, master), cnf)
 
 # Alias
 ManPage = ReadonlyManPage
@@ -206,8 +206,8 @@ def test():
 		name = os.path.join(MANDIR, name)
 	root = Tk()
 	root.minsize(1, 1)
-	manpage = ManPage(root, {'relief': 'sunken', 'bd': 2,
-				 Pack: {'expand': 1, 'fill': 'both'}})
+	manpage = ManPage(root, relief=SUNKEN, borderwidth=2)
+	manpage.pack(expand=1, fill=BOTH)
 	if formatted:
 		fp = open(name, 'r')
 	else:

Demo/tkinter/guido/ShellWindow.py

@@ -6,19 +6,12 @@ from ScrolledText import ScrolledText
 from Dialog import Dialog
 import signal
 
-TK_READABLE  = 1
-TK_WRITABLE  = 2
-TK_EXCEPTION = 4
-
 BUFSIZE = 512
 
 class ShellWindow(ScrolledText):
 
-	def __init__(self, master = None, cnf = {}):
-		try:
-			shell = cnf['shell']
-			del cnf['shell']
-		except KeyError:
+	def __init__(self, master=None, shell=None, **cnf):
+		if not shell:
 			try:
 				shell = os.environ['SHELL']
 			except KeyError:
@@ -27,7 +20,7 @@ class ShellWindow(ScrolledText):
 		args = string.split(shell)
 		shell = args[0]
 
-		ScrolledText.__init__(self, master, cnf)
+		apply(ScrolledText.__init__, (self, master), cnf)
 		self.pos = '1.0'
 		self.bind('<Return>', self.inputhandler)
 		self.bind('<Control-c>', self.sigint)
@@ -36,7 +29,7 @@ class ShellWindow(ScrolledText):
 		self.bind('<Control-d>', self.sendeof)
 
 		self.pid, self.fromchild, self.tochild = spawn(shell, args)
-		self.tk.createfilehandler(self.fromchild, TK_READABLE,
+		self.tk.createfilehandler(self.fromchild, READABLE,
 					  self.outputhandler)
 
 	def outputhandler(self, file, mask):
@@ -54,68 +47,60 @@ class ShellWindow(ScrolledText):
 				msg = "killed by signal %d" % (cause & 0x7f)
 				if cause & 0x80:
 					msg = msg + " -- core dumped"
-			Dialog(self.master, {
-				'text': msg,
-				'title': "Exit status",
-				'bitmap': 'warning',
-				'default': 0,
-				'strings': ('OK',),
-			})
+			Dialog(self.master,
+			       text=msg,
+			       title="Exit status",
+			       bitmap='warning',
+			       default=0,
+			       strings=('OK',))
 			return
-		self.insert('end', data)
-		self.pos = self.index('end')
-		self.yview_pickplace('end')
+		self.insert(END, data)
+		self.pos = self.index("end - 1 char")
+		self.yview_pickplace(END)
 
 	def inputhandler(self, *args):
 		if not self.pid:
-			Dialog(self.master, {
-				'text': "No active process",
-				'title': "No process",
-				'bitmap': 'error',
-				'default': 0,
-				'strings': ('OK',),
-			})
-			return
-		self.insert('end', '\n')
-		line = self.get(self.pos, 'end')
-		self.pos = self.index('end')
+			self.no_process()
+			return "break"
+		self.insert(END, "\n")
+		line = self.get(self.pos, "end - 1 char")
+		self.pos = self.index(END)
 		os.write(self.tochild, line)
+		return "break"
 
 	def sendeof(self, *args):
 		if not self.pid:
-			Dialog(self.master, {
-				'text': "No active process",
-				'title': "No process",
-				'bitmap': 'error',
-				'default': 0,
-				'strings': ('OK',),
-			})
-			return
+			self.no_process()
+			return "break"
 		os.close(self.tochild)
+		return "break"
 
 	def sendsig(self, sig):
 		if not self.pid:
-			Dialog(self.master, {
-				'text': "No active process",
-				'title': "No process",
-				'bitmap': 'error',
-				'default': 0,
-				'strings': ('OK',),
-			})
-			return
+			self.no_process()
+			return "break"
 		os.kill(self.pid, sig)
+		return "break"
 
 	def sigint(self, *args):
-		self.sendsig(signal.SIGINT)
+		return self.sendsig(signal.SIGINT)
 
 	def sigquit(self, *args):
-		self.sendsig(signal.SIGQUIT)
+		return self.sendsig(signal.SIGQUIT)
 
 	def sigterm(self, *args):
-		self.sendsig(signal.SIGTERM)
+		return self.sendsig(signal.SIGTERM)
 
 	def sigkill(self, *args):
-		self.sendsig(signal.SIGKILL)
+		return self.sendsig(signal.SIGKILL)
+
+	def no_process(self):
+		Dialog(self.master,
+		       text="No active process",
+		       title="No process",
+		       bitmap='error',
+		       default=0,
+		       strings=('OK',))
 
 MAXFD = 100	# Max number of file descriptors (os.getdtablesize()???)
 
@@ -142,7 +127,7 @@ def spawn(prog, args):
 		try:
 			os.execvp(prog, args)
 		finally:
-			print 'execvp failed'
+			sys.stderr.write('execvp failed\n')
 			os._exit(1)
 	os.close(p2cread)
 	os.close(c2pwrite)
@@ -150,13 +135,13 @@ def spawn(prog, args):
 
 def test():
 	shell = string.join(sys.argv[1:])
-	cnf = {}
-	if shell:
-		cnf['shell'] = shell
 	root = Tk()
 	root.minsize(1, 1)
-	w = ShellWindow(root, cnf)
-	w.pack({'expand': 1, 'fill': 'both'})
+	if shell:
+	    w = ShellWindow(root, shell=shell)
+	else:
+	    w = ShellWindow(root)
+	w.pack(expand=1, fill=BOTH)
 	w.focus_set()
 	w.tk.mainloop()
 

Demo/tkinter/guido/dialog.py

@@ -5,55 +5,49 @@
 # Cf. Ousterhout, Tcl and the Tk Toolkit, Figs. 27.2-3, pp. 269-270.
 
 from Tkinter import *
+import sys
+
 
 def dialog(master, title, text, bitmap, default, *args):
 
     # 1. Create the top-level window and divide it into top
     # and bottom parts.
 
-    w = Toplevel(master, {'class': 'Dialog'})
+    w = Toplevel(master, class_='Dialog')
     w.title(title)
     w.iconname('Dialog')
 
-    top = Frame(w, {'relief': 'raised', 'bd': 1,
-		    Pack: {'side': 'top', 'fill': 'both'}})
-    bot = Frame(w, {'relief': 'raised', 'bd': 1,
-		    Pack: {'side': 'bottom', 'fill': 'both'}})
+    top = Frame(w, relief=RAISED, borderwidth=1)
+    top.pack(side=TOP, fill=BOTH)
+    bot = Frame(w, relief=RAISED, borderwidth=1)
+    bot.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=BOTH)
 
     # 2. Fill the top part with the bitmap and message.
 
-    msg = Message(top,
-		  {'width': '3i',
-		   'text': text,
-		   'font': '-Adobe-Times-Medium-R-Normal-*-180-*',
-		   Pack: {'side': 'right', 'expand': 1,
-			  'fill': 'both',
-			  'padx': '3m', 'pady': '3m'}})
+    msg = Message(top, width='3i', text=text,
+		  font='-Adobe-Times-Medium-R-Normal-*-180-*')
+    msg.pack(side=RIGHT, expand=1, fill=BOTH, padx='3m', pady='3m')
     if bitmap:
-	bm = Label(top, {'bitmap': bitmap,
-			 Pack: {'side': 'left',
-				'padx': '3m', 'pady': '3m'}})
+	bm = Label(top, bitmap=bitmap)
+	bm.pack(side=LEFT, padx='3m', pady='3m')
 
     # 3. Create a row of buttons at the bottom of the dialog.
 
+    var = IntVar()
     buttons = []
     i = 0
     for but in args:
-	b = Button(bot, {'text': but,
-			 'command': ('set', 'button', i)})
+	b = Button(bot, text=but, command=lambda v=var,i=i: v.set(i))
 	buttons.append(b)
 	if i == default:
-	    bd = Frame(bot, {'relief': 'sunken', 'bd': 1,
-			     Pack: {'side': 'left', 'expand': 1,
-				    'padx': '3m', 'pady': '2m'}})
+	    bd = Frame(bot, relief=SUNKEN, borderwidth=1)
+	    bd.pack(side=LEFT, expand=1, padx='3m', pady='2m')
 	    b.lift()
-	    b.pack ({'in': bd, 'side': 'left',
-		     'padx': '2m', 'pady': '2m',
-		     'ipadx': '2m', 'ipady': '1m'})
+	    b.pack (in_=bd, side=LEFT,
+		    padx='2m', pady='2m', ipadx='2m', ipady='1m')
 	else:
-	    b.pack ({'side': 'left', 'expand': 1,
-		     'padx': '3m', 'pady': '3m',
-		     'ipady': '2m', 'ipady': '1m'})
+	    b.pack (side=LEFT, expand=1,
+		    padx='3m', pady='3m', ipady='2m', ipady='1m')
 	i = i+1
 
     # 4. Set up a binding for <Return>, if there's a default,
@@ -61,21 +55,21 @@ def dialog(master, title, text, bitmap, default, *args):
 
     if default >= 0:
 	w.bind('<Return>',
-	       lambda e, b=buttons[default], i=default:
+	       lambda e, b=buttons[default], v=var, i=default:
 	       (b.flash(),
-		b.setvar('button', i)))
+		v.set(i)))
 
-    oldFocus = w.tk.call('focus') # XXX
+    oldFocus = w.focus_get()
     w.grab_set()
-    w.focus()
+    w.focus_set()
 
     # 5. Wait for the user to respond, then restore the focus
     # and return the index of the selected button.
 
-    w.waitvar('button')
+    w.waitvar(var)
     w.destroy()
-    w.tk.call('focus', oldFocus) # XXX
-    return w.getint(w.getvar('button'))
+    if oldFocus: oldFocus.focus_set()
+    return var.get()
 
 # The rest is the test program.
 
@@ -105,13 +99,10 @@ def test():
     global mainWidget
     mainWidget = Frame()
     Pack.config(mainWidget)
-    start = Button(mainWidget,
-		   {'text': 'Press Here To Start', 'command': go})
+    start = Button(mainWidget, text='Press Here To Start', command=go)
     start.pack()
-    endit = Button(mainWidget,
-		   {'text': 'Exit',
-		    'command': 'exit',
-		    Pack: {'fill' : 'both'}})
+    endit = Button(mainWidget, text="Exit", command=sys.exit)
+    endit.pack(fill=BOTH)
     mainWidget.mainloop()
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':

Demo/tkinter/guido/electrons.py

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 from Tkinter import *
 
 
-
 # The graphical interface
 class Electrons:
 
@@ -30,14 +29,13 @@ class Electrons:
 		# Add background bitmap
 		if bitmap:
 			self.bitmap = c.create_bitmap(width/2, height/2,
-						      {'bitmap': bitmap,
-						       'foreground': 'blue'})
+						      bitmap=bitmap,
+						      foreground='blue')
 
 		self.pieces = {}
 		x1, y1, x2, y2 = 10,70,14,74
 		for i in range(n,0,-1):
-			p = c.create_oval(x1, y1, x2, y2,
-					       {'fill': 'red'})
+			p = c.create_oval(x1, y1, x2, y2, fill='red')
 			self.pieces[i] = p
 			y1, y2 = y1 +2, y2 + 2
 		self.tk.update()
@@ -51,11 +49,12 @@ class Electrons:
 			y = rand.choice(range(-3,4))
 			c.move(p, x, y)
 		self.tk.update()
+
 	# Run -- never returns
 	def run(self):
 		while 1:
 			self.random_move(self.n)
-		self.tk.mainloop() # Hang around...
+
 
 # Main program
 def main():

Demo/tkinter/guido/hanoi.py

@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ class Tkhanoi:
 		# Add background bitmap
 		if bitmap:
 			self.bitmap = c.create_bitmap(width/2, height/2,
-						      {'bitmap': bitmap,
-						       'foreground': 'blue'})
+						      bitmap=bitmap,
+						      foreground='blue')
 
 		# Generate pegs
 		pegwidth = 10
@@ -46,13 +46,13 @@ class Tkhanoi:
 		x1, y1 = (pegdist-pegwidth)/2, height*1/3
 		x2, y2 = x1+pegwidth, y1+pegheight
 		self.pegs = []
-		p = c.create_rectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2, {'fill': 'black'})
+		p = c.create_rectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2, fill='black')
 		self.pegs.append(p)
 		x1, x2 = x1+pegdist, x2+pegdist
-		p = c.create_rectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2, {'fill': 'black'})
+		p = c.create_rectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2, fill='black')
 		self.pegs.append(p)
 		x1, x2 = x1+pegdist, x2+pegdist
-		p = c.create_rectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2, {'fill': 'black'})
+		p = c.create_rectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2, fill='black')
 		self.pegs.append(p)
 		self.tk.update()
 
@@ -66,8 +66,7 @@ class Tkhanoi:
 		x2, y2 = x1+maxpiecewidth, y1+pieceheight
 		dx = (maxpiecewidth-minpiecewidth) / (2*max(1, n-1))
 		for i in range(n, 0, -1):
-			p = c.create_rectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2,
-					       {'fill': 'red'})
+			p = c.create_rectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2, fill='red')
 			self.pieces[i] = p
 			self.pegstate[0].append(i)
 			x1, x2 = x1 + dx, x2-dx

Demo/tkinter/guido/kill.py

@@ -5,14 +5,14 @@ from Tkinter import *
 from string import splitfields
 from string import split
 import commands
-import posix
+import os
 
 class BarButton(Menubutton):
-	_CNF = {Pack: {'side': 'left'}}
-	def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}):
-		Menubutton.__init__(self, master, (self._CNF, cnf))
-		self.menu = Menu(self, {'name': 'menu'})
-		self['menu'] = self.menu		
+	def __init__(self, master=None, **cnf):
+		apply(Menubutton.__init__, (self, master), cnf)
+		self.pack(side=LEFT)
+		self.menu = Menu(self, name='menu')
+		self['menu'] = self.menu
 
 class Kill(Frame):
 	# List of (name, option, pid_column)
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class Kill(Frame):
 	def kill(self, selected):
 		c = self.format_list[self.format.get()][2]
 		pid = split(selected)[c]
-		posix.system('kill' + ' -9 ' + pid)
+		os.system('kill -9 ' + pid)
 		self.do_update()
 	def do_update(self):
 		name, option, column = self.format_list[self.format.get()]
@@ -35,85 +35,64 @@ class Kill(Frame):
 		list = splitfields(s, '\n')
 		self.header.set(list[0])
 		del list[0]
-		y = self.frame.vscroll.get()[2]
+		y = self.frame.vscroll.get()[0]
 		self.frame.list.delete(0, AtEnd())
 		for line in list:
 			self.frame.list.insert(0, line)
-		self.frame.list.yview(y)
+		self.frame.list.yview(int(y))
 	def do_motion(self, e):
-		e.widget.select_from(e.widget.nearest(e.y))
+		e.widget.select_clear(0, END)
+		e.widget.select_set(e.widget.nearest(e.y))
 	def do_leave(self, e):
-		e.widget.select_clear()
+		e.widget.select_clear(0, END)
 	def do_1(self, e):
 		self.kill(e.widget.get(e.widget.nearest(e.y)))
-	def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}):
+	def __init__(self, master=None, **cnf):
 		Frame.__init__(self, master, cnf)
-		self.pack({'expand': 'yes', 'fill': 'both'})
-		self.bar = Frame(
-			self,
-			{'name': 'bar',
-			 'relief': 'raised',
-			 'bd': 2,
-			 Pack: {'side': 'top',
-				'fill': 'x'}})
-		self.bar.file = BarButton(self.bar, {'text': 'File'})
+		self.pack(expand=1, fill=BOTH)
+		self.bar = Frame(self, name='bar', relief=RAISED,
+				 borderwidth=2)
+		self.bar.pack(fill=X)
+		self.bar.file = BarButton(self.bar, text='File')
 		self.bar.file.menu.add_command(
-			{'label': 'Quit', 'command': self.quit})
-		self.bar.view = BarButton(self.bar, {'text': 'View'})
+			label='Quit', command=self.quit)
+		self.bar.view = BarButton(self.bar, text='View')
 		self.format = IntVar(self)
 		self.format.set(2)
 		for num in range(len(self.format_list)):
 			self.bar.view.menu.add_radiobutton(
-				{'label': self.format_list[num][0], 
-				 'command': self.do_update,
-				 'variable': self.format,
-				 'value': num})
+				label=self.format_list[num][0], 
+				command=self.do_update,
+				variable=self.format,
+				value=num)
 		#self.bar.view.menu.add_separator()
 		#XXX ...
 		self.bar.tk_menuBar(self.bar.file, self.bar.view)
-		self.frame = Frame(
-			self, 
-			{'relief': 'raised', 'bd': 2,
-			 Pack: {'side': 'top',
-				'expand': 'yes',
-				'fill': 'both'}})
+		self.frame = Frame(self, relief=RAISED, borderwidth=2)
+		self.frame.pack(expand=1, fill=BOTH)
 		self.header = StringVar(self)
-		self.frame.label = Label(
-			self.frame, 
-			{'relief': 'flat',
-			 'anchor': 'nw',
-			 'borderwidth': 0,
-			 'textvariable': self.header,
-			 Pack: {'side': 'top', 
-			 	'fill': 'x'}})
-		self.frame.vscroll = Scrollbar(
-			self.frame,
-			{'orient': 'vertical'})
-		self.frame.list = Listbox(
-			self.frame, 
-			{'relief': 'sunken',
-			 'selectbackground': '#eed5b7',
-			 'selectborderwidth': 0,
-			 'yscroll': self.frame.vscroll.set})
+		self.frame.label = Label(self.frame, relief=FLAT, anchor=NW,
+					 borderwidth=0,
+					 textvariable=self.header)
+		self.frame.label.pack(fill=X)
+		self.frame.vscroll = Scrollbar(self.frame, orient=VERTICAL)
+		self.frame.list = Listbox(self.frame, relief=SUNKEN,
+					  selectbackground='#eed5b7',
+					  selectborderwidth=0,
+					  yscroll=self.frame.vscroll.set)
 		self.frame.vscroll['command'] = self.frame.list.yview
-		self.frame.vscroll.pack({'side': 'right', 'fill': 'y'})
-		self.frame.list.pack(
-			{'side': 'top',
-			 'expand': 'yes',
-			 'fill': 'both'})
-		self.update = Button(
-			self,
-			{'text': 'Update',
-			 'command': self.do_update,
-			 Pack: {'expand': 'yes',
-				'fill': 'x'}})
+		self.frame.vscroll.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)
+		self.frame.list.pack(expand=1, fill=BOTH)
+		self.update = Button(self, text="Update",
+				     command=self.do_update)
+		self.update.pack(expand=1, fill=X)
 		self.frame.list.bind('<Motion>', self.do_motion)
 		self.frame.list.bind('<Leave>', self.do_leave)
 		self.frame.list.bind('<1>', self.do_1)
 		self.do_update()
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-	kill = Kill(None, {'bd': 5})
+	kill = Kill(None, borderwidth=5)
 	kill.winfo_toplevel().title('Tkinter Process Killer')
 	kill.winfo_toplevel().minsize(1, 1)
 	kill.mainloop()

Demo/tkinter/guido/listtree.py

@@ -6,16 +6,16 @@ import string
 from Tkinter import *
 
 def listtree(master, app):
-	list = Listbox(master, {'name': 'list',
-				Pack: {'expand': 1, 'fill': 'both'}})
+	list = Listbox(master, name='list')
+	list.pack(expand=1, fill=BOTH)
 	listnodes(list, app, '.', 0)
 	return list
 
 def listnodes(list, app, widget, level):
 	klass = list.send(app, 'winfo', 'class', widget)
 ##	i = string.rindex(widget, '.')
-##	list.insert('end', '%s%s (%s)' % ((level-1)*'.   ', widget[i:], klass))
-	list.insert('end', '%s (%s)' % (widget, klass))
+##	list.insert(END, '%s%s (%s)' % ((level-1)*'.   ', widget[i:], klass))
+	list.insert(END, '%s (%s)' % (widget, klass))
 	children = list.tk.splitlist(
 		list.send(app, 'winfo', 'children', widget))
 	for c in children:
@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ def main():
 	app = sys.argv[1]
 	tk = Tk()
 	tk.minsize(1, 1)
-	f = Frame(tk, {'name': 'f', Pack: {'expand': 1, 'fill': 'both'}})
+	f = Frame(tk, name='f')
+	f.pack(expand=1, fill=BOTH)
 	list = listtree(f, app)
 	tk.mainloop()
 

Demo/tkinter/guido/svkill.py

@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ import os
 user = os.environ['LOGNAME']
 
 class BarButton(Menubutton):
-	def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}):
-		Menubutton.__init__(self, master, cnf)
-		self.pack(side='left')
-		self.menu = Menu(self, {'name': 'menu'})
+	def __init__(self, master=None, **cnf):
+		apply(Menubutton.__init__, (self, master), cnf)
+		self.pack(side=LEFT)
+		self.menu = Menu(self, name='menu')
 		self['menu'] = self.menu		
 
 class Kill(Frame):
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class Kill(Frame):
 	def kill(self, selected):
 		c = self.format_list[self.format.get()][2]
 		pid = split(selected)[c]
-		os.system('kill' + ' -9 ' + pid)
+		os.system('kill -9 ' + pid)
 		self.do_update()
 	def do_update(self):
 		format = self.format_list[self.format.get()][1]
@@ -60,21 +60,17 @@ class Kill(Frame):
 		e.widget.select_clear('0', 'end')
 	def do_1(self, e):
 		self.kill(e.widget.get(e.widget.nearest(e.y)))
-	def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}):
-		Frame.__init__(self, master, cnf)
-		self.pack({'expand': 'yes', 'fill': 'both'})
-		self.bar = Frame(
-			self,
-			{'name': 'bar',
-			 'relief': 'raised',
-			 'bd': 2,
-			 Pack: {'side': 'top',
-				'fill': 'x'}})
-		self.bar.file = BarButton(self.bar, {'text': 'File'})
+	def __init__(self, master=None, **cnf):
+		apply(Frame.__init__, (self, master), cnf)
+		self.pack(expand=1, fill=BOTH)
+		self.bar = Frame(self, name='bar', relief=RAISED,
+				 borderwidth=2)
+		self.bar.pack(fill=X)
+		self.bar.file = BarButton(self.bar, text='File')
 		self.bar.file.menu.add_command(
-			{'label': 'Quit', 'command': self.quit})
-		self.bar.view = BarButton(self.bar, {'text': 'View'})
-		self.bar.format = BarButton(self.bar, {'text': 'Format'})
+			label='Quit', command=self.quit)
+		self.bar.view = BarButton(self.bar, text='View')
+		self.bar.format = BarButton(self.bar, text='Format')
 		self.view = IntVar(self)
 		self.view.set(0)
 		self.format = IntVar(self)
@@ -82,68 +78,51 @@ class Kill(Frame):
 		for num in range(len(self.view_list)):
 			label, option = self.view_list[num]
 			self.bar.view.menu.add_radiobutton(
-				{'label': label,
-				 'command': self.do_update,
-				 'variable': self.view,
-				 'value': num})
+				label=label,
+				command=self.do_update,
+				variable=self.view,
+				value=num)
 		for num in range(len(self.format_list)):
 			label, option, col = self.format_list[num]
 			self.bar.format.menu.add_radiobutton(
-				{'label': label,
-				 'command': self.do_update,
-				 'variable': self.format,
-				 'value': num})
+				label=label,
+				command=self.do_update,
+				variable=self.format,
+				value=num)
 		self.bar.tk_menuBar(self.bar.file,
 				    self.bar.view,
 				    self.bar.format)
-		self.frame = Frame(
-			self, 
-			{'relief': 'raised', 'bd': 2,
-			 Pack: {'side': 'top',
-				'expand': 'yes',
-				'fill': 'both'}})
+		self.frame = Frame(self, relief=RAISED, borderwidth=2)
+		self.frame.pack(expand=1, fill=BOTH)
 		self.header = StringVar(self)
 		self.frame.label = Label(
-			self.frame, 
-			{'relief': 'flat',
-			 'anchor': 'nw',
-			 'borderwidth': 0,
-			 'font': '*-Courier-Bold-R-Normal-*-120-*',
-			 'textvariable': self.header,
-			 Pack: {'side': 'top', 
-			 	'fill': 'y',
-				'anchor': 'w'}})
-		self.frame.vscroll = Scrollbar(
-			self.frame,
-			{'orient': 'vertical'})
+			self.frame, relief=FLAT, anchor=NW, borderwidth=0,
+			font='*-Courier-Bold-R-Normal-*-120-*',
+			textvariable=self.header)
+		self.frame.label.pack(fill=Y, anchor=W)
+		self.frame.vscroll = Scrollbar(self.frame, orient=VERTICAL)
 		self.frame.list = Listbox(
 			self.frame, 
-			{'relief': 'sunken',
-			 'font': '*-Courier-Medium-R-Normal-*-120-*',
-			 'width': 40, 'height': 10,
-			 'selectbackground': '#eed5b7',
-			 'selectborderwidth': 0,
-			 'selectmode': 'browse',
-			 'yscroll': self.frame.vscroll.set})
+			relief=SUNKEN,
+			font='*-Courier-Medium-R-Normal-*-120-*',
+			width=40, height=10,
+			selectbackground='#eed5b7',
+			selectborderwidth=0,
+			selectmode=BROWSE,
+			yscroll=self.frame.vscroll.set)
 		self.frame.vscroll['command'] = self.frame.list.yview
-		self.frame.vscroll.pack({'side': 'right', 'fill': 'y'})
-		self.frame.list.pack(
-			{'side': 'top',
-			 'expand': 'yes',
-			 'fill': 'both'})
-		self.update = Button(
-			self,
-			{'text': 'Update',
-			 'command': self.do_update,
-			 Pack: {'expand': 'no',
-				'fill': 'x'}})
+		self.frame.vscroll.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)
+		self.frame.list.pack(expand=1, fill=BOTH)
+		self.update = Button(self, text='Update',
+				     command=self.do_update)
+		self.update.pack(fill=X)
 		self.frame.list.bind('<Motion>', self.do_motion)
 		self.frame.list.bind('<Leave>', self.do_leave)
 		self.frame.list.bind('<1>', self.do_1)
 		self.do_update()
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-	kill = Kill(None, {'bd': 5})
+	kill = Kill(None, borderwidth=5)
 	kill.winfo_toplevel().title('Tkinter Process Killer (SYSV)')
 	kill.winfo_toplevel().minsize(1, 1)
 	kill.mainloop()

Demo/tkinter/guido/tkman.py

-#! /home/guido/bin.sgi/python
 #! /usr/local/bin/python
 
 # Tk man page browser -- currently only shows the Tcl/Tk man pages
@@ -32,81 +31,66 @@ class SelectionBox:
 	def __init__(self, master=None):
 		self.choices = []
 
-		self.frame = Frame(master, {
-			'name': 'frame',
-			Pack: {'expand': 1, 'fill': 'both'}})
+		self.frame = Frame(master, name="frame")
+		self.frame.pack(expand=1, fill=BOTH)
 		self.master = self.frame.master
-		self.subframe = Frame(self.frame, {
-			'name': 'subframe',
-			Pack: {'expand': 0, 'fill': 'both'}})
-		self.leftsubframe = Frame(self.subframe, {
-			'name': 'leftsubframe',
-			Pack: {'side': 'left', 'expand': 1, 'fill': 'both'}})
-		self.rightsubframe = Frame(self.subframe, {
-			'name': 'rightsubframe',
-			Pack: {'side': 'right', 'expand': 1, 'fill': 'both'}})
+		self.subframe = Frame(self.frame, name="subframe")
+		self.subframe.pack(expand=0, fill=BOTH)
+		self.leftsubframe = Frame(self.subframe, name='leftsubframe')
+		self.leftsubframe.pack(side=LEFT, expand=1, fill=BOTH)
+		self.rightsubframe = Frame(self.subframe, name='rightsubframe')
+		self.rightsubframe.pack(side=RIGHT, expand=1, fill=BOTH)
 		self.chaptervar = StringVar(master)
-		self.chapter = Menubutton(self.rightsubframe,
-					  {'name': 'chapter',
-					   'text': 'Directory',
-					   'relief': 'raised', 'bd': 2,
-					   Pack: {'side': 'top'}})
-		self.chaptermenu = Menu(self.chapter, {'name': 'chaptermenu'})
-		self.chaptermenu.add_radiobutton({'label': 'C functions',
-						  'value': MAN3DIR,
-						  'variable': self.chaptervar,
-						  'command': self.newchapter})
-		self.chaptermenu.add_radiobutton({'label': 'Tcl/Tk functions',
-						  'value': MANNDIR,
-						  'variable': self.chaptervar,
-						  'command': self.newchapter})
+		self.chapter = Menubutton(self.rightsubframe, name='chapter',
+					  text='Directory', relief=RAISED,
+					  borderwidth=2)
+		self.chapter.pack(side=TOP)
+		self.chaptermenu = Menu(self.chapter, name='chaptermenu')
+		self.chaptermenu.add_radiobutton(label='C functions',
+						 value=MAN3DIR,
+						 variable=self.chaptervar,
+						 command=self.newchapter)
+		self.chaptermenu.add_radiobutton(label='Tcl/Tk functions',
+						 value=MANNDIR,
+						 variable=self.chaptervar,
+						 command=self.newchapter)
 		self.chapter['menu'] = self.chaptermenu
-		self.listbox = Listbox(self.rightsubframe,
-				       {'name': 'listbox',
-					'relief': 'sunken', 'bd': 2,
-					'width': 20, 'height': 5,
-					Pack: {'expand': 1, 'fill': 'both'}})
-		self.l1 = Button(self.leftsubframe,
-				{'name': 'l1',
-				 'text': 'Display manual page named:',
-				 'command': self.entry_cb,
-				 Pack: {'side': 'top'}})
-		self.entry = Entry(self.leftsubframe,
-				   {'name': 'entry',
-				    'relief': 'sunken', 'bd': 2,
-				    'width': 20,
-				    Pack: {'side': 'top',
-					   'expand': 0, 'fill': 'x'}})
-		self.l2frame = Frame(self.leftsubframe,
-				     {'name': 'l2frame',
-				      Pack: {'expand': 0, 'fill': 'none'}})
-		self.l2 = Button(self.l2frame,
-				{'name': 'l2',
-				 'text': 'Search regexp:',
-				 'command': self.search_cb,
-				 Pack: {'side': 'left'}})
-		self.casesense = Checkbutton(self.l2frame,
-					     {'name': 'casesense',
-					      'text': 'Case sensitive',
-					      'variable': 'casesense',
-					      'relief': 'flat',
-					      Pack: {'side': 'left'}})
-		self.search = Entry(self.leftsubframe,
-				   {'name': 'search',
-				    'relief': 'sunken', 'bd': 2,
-				    'width': 20,
-				    Pack: {'side': 'top',
-					   'expand': 0, 'fill': 'x'}})
-		self.title = Label(self.leftsubframe,
-				   {'name': 'title',
-				    'text': '(none)',
-				    Pack: {'side': 'bottom'}})
-		self.text = ManPage(self.frame,
-					 {'name': 'text',
-					  'relief': 'sunken', 'bd': 2,
-					  'wrap': 'none', 'width': 72,
-					  'selectbackground': 'pink',
-					  Pack: {'expand': 1, 'fill': 'both'}})
+		self.listbox = Listbox(self.rightsubframe, name='listbox',
+				       relief=SUNKEN, borderwidth=2,
+				       width=20, height=5)
+		self.listbox.pack(expand=1, fill=BOTH)
+		self.l1 = Button(self.leftsubframe, name='l1',
+				 text='Display manual page named:',
+				 command=self.entry_cb)
+		self.l1.pack(side=TOP)
+		self.entry = Entry(self.leftsubframe, name='entry',
+				    relief=SUNKEN, borderwidth=2,
+				    width=20)
+		self.entry.pack(expand=0, fill=X)
+		self.l2frame = Frame(self.leftsubframe, name='l2frame')
+		self.l2frame.pack(expand=0, fill=NONE)
+		self.l2 = Button(self.l2frame, name='l2',
+				 text='Search regexp:',
+				 command=self.search_cb)
+		self.l2.pack(side=LEFT)
+		self.casevar = BooleanVar()
+		self.casesense = Checkbutton(self.l2frame, name='casesense',
+					     text='Case sensitive',
+					     variable=self.casevar,
+					     relief=FLAT)
+		self.casesense.pack(side=LEFT)
+		self.search = Entry(self.leftsubframe, name='search',
+				    relief=SUNKEN, borderwidth=2,
+				    width=20)
+		self.search.pack(expand=0, fill=X)
+		self.title = Label(self.leftsubframe, name='title',
+				   text='(none)')
+		self.title.pack(side=BOTTOM)
+		self.text = ManPage(self.frame, name='text',
+				    relief=SUNKEN, borderwidth=2,
+				    wrap=NONE, width=72,
+				    selectbackground='pink')
+		self.text.pack(expand=1, fill=BOTH)
 
 		self.entry.bind('<Return>', self.entry_cb)
 		self.search.bind('<Return>', self.search_cb)
@@ -195,7 +179,7 @@ class SelectionBox:
 			self.frame.bell()
 			print 'Empty search string'
 			return
-		if self.frame.tk.getvar('casesense') != '1':
+		if not self.casevar.get():
 			map = regex.casefold
 		else:
 			map = None

Demo/tkinter/matt/00-HELLO-WORLD.py

@@ -8,18 +8,15 @@ class Test(Frame):
 	print "hi"
 
     def createWidgets(self):
-	self.QUIT = Button(self, {'text': 'QUIT', 
-				  'fg': 'red', 
-				  'command': self.quit})
+	self.QUIT = Button(self, text='QUIT', foreground='red', 
+			   command=self.quit)
 	
-	self.QUIT.pack({'side': 'left', 'fill': 'both'})
-
+	self.QUIT.pack(side=LEFT, fill=BOTH)
 
 	# a hello button
-	self.hi_there = Button(self, {'text': 'Hello', 
-				      'command' : self.printit})
-	self.hi_there.pack({'side': 'left'})
-
+	self.hi_there = Button(self, text='Hello', 
+			       command=self.printit)
+	self.hi_there.pack(side=LEFT)
 
     def __init__(self, master=None):
 	Frame.__init__(self, master)

Demo/tkinter/matt/animation-simple.py

@@ -7,16 +7,15 @@ class Test(Frame):
 	print "hi"
 
     def createWidgets(self):
-	self.QUIT = Button(self, {'text': 'QUIT', 
-				  'fg': 'red', 
-				  'command': self.quit})
-	self.QUIT.pack({'side': 'left', 'fill': 'both'})	
+	self.QUIT = Button(self, text='QUIT', foreground='red', 
+			   command=self.quit)
+	self.QUIT.pack(side=LEFT, fill=BOTH)
 
-	self.draw = Canvas(self, {"width" : "5i", "height" : "5i"})
+	self.draw = Canvas(self, width="5i", height="5i")
 
 	# all of these work..
-	self.draw.create_polygon("0", "0", "10", "0", "10", "10", "0" , "10", {"tags" : "thing"})
-	self.draw.pack({'side': 'left'})
+	self.draw.create_rectangle(0, 0, 10, 10, tags="thing", fill="blue")
+	self.draw.pack(side=LEFT)
 
     def moveThing(self, *args):
 	# move 1/10 of an inch every 1/10 sec (1" per second, smoothly)

Demo/tkinter/matt/animation-w-velocity-ctrl.py

@@ -6,29 +6,24 @@ from Tkinter import *
 # Tkinter is smart enough to start the system if it's not already going. 
 
 
-
-
 class Test(Frame):
     def printit(self):
 	print "hi"
 
     def createWidgets(self):
-	self.QUIT = Button(self, {'text': 'QUIT', 
-				  'fg': 'red', 
-				  'command': self.quit})
-	self.QUIT.pack({'side': 'bottom', 'fill': 'both'})	
+	self.QUIT = Button(self, text='QUIT', foreground='red', 
+			   command=self.quit)
+	self.QUIT.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=BOTH)
 
-	self.draw = Canvas(self, {"width" : "5i", "height" : "5i"})
+	self.draw = Canvas(self, width="5i", height="5i")
 
-	self.speed = Scale(self, {"orient":  "horiz", 
-				  "from" : -100, 
-				  "to" : 100})
+	self.speed = Scale(self, orient=HORIZONTAL, from_=-100, to=100)
 
-	self.speed.pack({'side': 'bottom', "fill" : "x"})
+	self.speed.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)
 
 	# all of these work..
-	self.draw.create_polygon("0", "0", "10", "0", "10", "10", "0" , "10", {"tags" : "thing"})
-	self.draw.pack({'side': 'left'})
+	self.draw.create_rectangle(0, 0, 10, 10, tags="thing", fill="blue")
+	self.draw.pack(side=LEFT)
 
     def moveThing(self, *args):
 	velocity = self.speed.get()
@@ -37,8 +32,6 @@ class Test(Frame):
 	self.draw.move("thing",  str, str)
 	self.after(10, self.moveThing)
 
-
-
     def __init__(self, master=None):
 	Frame.__init__(self, master)
 	Pack.config(self)

Demo/tkinter/matt/bind-w-mult-calls-p-type.py

@@ -18,8 +18,9 @@ class App(Frame):
 
 	# Note that here is where we bind a completely different callback to 
 	# the same event. We pass "+" here to indicate that we wish to ADD 
-	# this callback to the list associated with this event type. Not specifying "+" would 
-	# simply override whatever callback was defined on this event. 
+	# this callback to the list associated with this event type.
+	# Not specifying "+" would simply override whatever callback was
+	# defined on this event.
 	self.entrythingy.bind('<Key-Return>', self.print_something_else, "+")
 
     def print_contents(self, event):

Demo/tkinter/matt/canvas-demo-simple.py

@@ -7,18 +7,16 @@ class Test(Frame):
 	print "hi"
 
     def createWidgets(self):
-	self.QUIT = Button(self, {'text': 'QUIT', 
-				  'fg': 'red', 
-				  'command': self.quit})
-	self.QUIT.pack({'side': 'bottom', 'fill': 'both'})	
+	self.QUIT = Button(self, text='QUIT', foreground='red', 
+			   command=self.quit)
+	self.QUIT.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=BOTH)
 
-	self.draw = Canvas(self, {"width" : "5i", "height" : "5i"})
+	self.draw = Canvas(self, width="5i", height="5i")
 
 	# see the other demos for other ways of specifying coords for a polygon
-	self.draw.create_polygon("0i", "0i", "3i", "0i", "3i", "3i", "0i" , "3i")
-
-	self.draw.pack({'side': 'left'})
+	self.draw.create_rectangle(0, 0, "3i", "3i", fill="black")
 
+	self.draw.pack(side=LEFT)
 
     def __init__(self, master=None):
 	Frame.__init__(self, master)

Demo/tkinter/matt/canvas-gridding.py

@@ -10,15 +10,15 @@ class Test(Frame):
 	print "hi"
 
     def createWidgets(self):
-	self.QUIT = Button(self, {'text': 'QUIT', 
-				  'bg': 'red', 
-				  'fg': 'white', 
-				  'height' : 3, 
-				  'command': self.quit})
-	self.QUIT.pack({'side': 'bottom', 'fill': 'both'})	
+	self.QUIT = Button(self, text='QUIT', 
+				  background='red', 
+				  foreground='white', 
+				  height=3, 
+				  command=self.quit)
+	self.QUIT.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=BOTH)	
 
-	self.canvasObject = Canvas(self, {"width" : "5i", "height" : "5i"})
-	self.canvasObject.pack({'side': 'left'})
+	self.canvasObject = Canvas(self, width="5i", height="5i")
+	self.canvasObject.pack(side=LEFT)
 
     def mouseDown(self, event):
 	# canvas x and y take the screen coords from the event and translate
@@ -29,12 +29,13 @@ class Test(Frame):
     def mouseMotion(self, event):
 	# canvas x and y take the screen coords from the event and translate
 	# them into the coordinate system of the canvas object
-	x = self.canvasObject.canvasx(event.x, self.griddingsize)
-	y = self.canvasObject.canvasy(event.y, self.griddingsize)
+	x = self.canvasObject.canvasx(event.x, self.griddingSize)
+	y = self.canvasObject.canvasy(event.y, self.griddingSize)
 
 	if (self.startx != event.x)  and (self.starty != event.y) : 
 	    self.canvasObject.delete(self.rubberbandBox)
-	    self.rubberbandBox = self.canvasObject.create_rectangle(self.startx, self.starty, x, y)
+	    self.rubberbandBox = self.canvasObject.create_rectangle(
+		self.startx, self.starty, x, y)
 	    # this flushes the output, making sure that 
 	    # the rectangle makes it to the screen 
 	    # before the next event is handled

Demo/tkinter/matt/canvas-moving-or-creating.py

@@ -9,26 +9,24 @@ class Test(Frame):
     ###################################################################
     def mouseDown(self, event):
 	# see if we're inside a dot. If we are, it
-	# gets tagged as "current" for free by tk.
-
-	if not event.widget.find_withtag("current"):
+	# gets tagged as CURRENT for free by tk.
+	if not event.widget.find_withtag(CURRENT):
 	    # there is no dot here, so we can make one,
 	    # and bind some interesting behavior to it.
 	    # ------
-	
-	    # create a dot, and mark it as current
-	    fred = self.draw.create_oval(event.x - 10, event.y -10, event.x +10, event.y + 10,
-					 {"fill" : "green", "tag" : "current"})
+	    # create a dot, and mark it as CURRENT
+	    fred = self.draw.create_oval(
+		event.x - 10, event.y -10, event.x +10, event.y + 10,
+		fill="green", tags=CURRENT)
 
 	    self.draw.bind(fred, "<Any-Enter>", self.mouseEnter)
 	    self.draw.bind(fred, "<Any-Leave>", self.mouseLeave)
-	    
+
 	self.lastx = event.x
 	self.lasty = event.y
-		
-	
+
     def mouseMove(self, event):
-	self.draw.move("current", event.x - self.lastx, event.y - self.lasty)
+	self.draw.move(CURRENT, event.x - self.lastx, event.y - self.lasty)
 	self.lastx = event.x
 	self.lasty = event.y
 
@@ -36,25 +34,22 @@ class Test(Frame):
     ###### Event callbacks for canvas ITEMS (stuff drawn on the canvas)
     ###################################################################
     def mouseEnter(self, event):
-        # the "current" tag is applied to the object the cursor is over.
+        # the CURRENT tag is applied to the object the cursor is over.
 	# this happens automatically.
-	self.draw.itemconfig("current", {"fill" : "red"})
-	
+	self.draw.itemconfig(CURRENT, fill="red")
+
     def mouseLeave(self, event):
-	# the "current" tag is applied to the object the cursor is over.
+	# the CURRENT tag is applied to the object the cursor is over.
 	# this happens automatically.
-	self.draw.itemconfig("current", {"fill" : "blue"})
-
+	self.draw.itemconfig(CURRENT, fill="blue")
 
     def createWidgets(self):
-	self.QUIT = Button(self, {'text': 'QUIT', 
-				  'fg': 'red', 
-				  'command': self.quit})
-	self.QUIT.pack({'side': 'left', 'fill': 'both'})	
-	self.draw = Canvas(self, {"width" : "5i", "height" : "5i"})
-	self.draw.pack({'side': 'left'})
-	
-	
+	self.QUIT = Button(self, text='QUIT', foreground='red', 
+			   command=self.quit)
+	self.QUIT.pack(side=LEFT, fill=BOTH)
+	self.draw = Canvas(self, width="5i", height="5i")
+	self.draw.pack(side=LEFT)
+
 	Widget.bind(self.draw, "<1>", self.mouseDown)
 	Widget.bind(self.draw, "<B1-Motion>", self.mouseMove)
 

Demo/tkinter/matt/canvas-moving-w-mouse.py

@@ -10,11 +10,10 @@ class Test(Frame):
 	# remember where the mouse went down
 	self.lastx = event.x
 	self.lasty = event.y
-		
-	
+
     def mouseMove(self, event):
-	# whatever the mouse is over gets tagged as "current" for free by tk.
-	self.draw.move("current", event.x - self.lastx, event.y - self.lasty)
+	# whatever the mouse is over gets tagged as CURRENT for free by tk.
+	self.draw.move(CURRENT, event.x - self.lastx, event.y - self.lasty)
 	self.lastx = event.x
 	self.lasty = event.y
 
@@ -22,27 +21,24 @@ class Test(Frame):
     ###### Event callbacks for canvas ITEMS (stuff drawn on the canvas)
     ###################################################################
     def mouseEnter(self, event):
-        # the "current" tag is applied to the object the cursor is over.
+        # the CURRENT tag is applied to the object the cursor is over.
 	# this happens automatically.
-	self.draw.itemconfig("current", {"fill" : "red"})
+	self.draw.itemconfig(CURRENT, fill="red")
 	
     def mouseLeave(self, event):
-	# the "current" tag is applied to the object the cursor is over.
+	# the CURRENT tag is applied to the object the cursor is over.
 	# this happens automatically.
-	self.draw.itemconfig("current", {"fill" : "blue"})
-
+	self.draw.itemconfig(CURRENT, fill="blue")
 
     def createWidgets(self):
-	self.QUIT = Button(self, {'text': 'QUIT', 
-				  'fg': 'red', 
-				  'command': self.quit})
-	self.QUIT.pack({'side': 'left', 'fill': 'both'})	
-	self.draw = Canvas(self, {"width" : "5i", "height" : "5i"})
-	self.draw.pack({'side': 'left'})
-	
+	self.QUIT = Button(self, text='QUIT', foreground='red', 
+			   command=self.quit)
+	self.QUIT.pack(side=LEFT, fill=BOTH)
+	self.draw = Canvas(self, width="5i", height="5i")
+	self.draw.pack(side=LEFT)
 
 	fred = self.draw.create_oval(0, 0, 20, 20,
-				     {"fill" : "green", "tag" : "selected"})
+				     fill="green", tags="selected")
 
 	self.draw.tag_bind(fred, "<Any-Enter>", self.mouseEnter)
 	self.draw.tag_bind(fred, "<Any-Leave>", self.mouseLeave)

Demo/tkinter/matt/canvas-mult-item-sel.py

@@ -11,20 +11,20 @@ class Test(Frame):
     ###################################################################
     def mouseDown(self, event):
 	# see if we're inside a dot. If we are, it
-	# gets tagged as "current" for free by tk.
+	# gets tagged as CURRENT for free by tk.
 
-	if not event.widget.find_withtag("current"):
+	if not event.widget.find_withtag(CURRENT):
 	    # we clicked outside of all dots on the canvas. unselect all.
 	    
 	    # re-color everything back to an unselected color
-	    self.draw.itemconfig("selected", {"fill" : UNSELECTED_COLOR})
+	    self.draw.itemconfig("selected", fill=UNSELECTED_COLOR)
 	    # unselect everything
 	    self.draw.dtag("selected")
 	else:
 	    # mark as "selected" the thing the cursor is under
-	    self.draw.addtag("selected", "withtag", "current")
+	    self.draw.addtag("selected", "withtag", CURRENT)
 	    # color it as selected
-	    self.draw.itemconfig("selected", {"fill": SELECTED_COLOR})
+	    self.draw.itemconfig("selected", fill=SELECTED_COLOR)
 
 	self.lastx = event.x
 	self.lasty = event.y
@@ -38,40 +38,36 @@ class Test(Frame):
     def makeNewDot(self):
 	# create a dot, and mark it as current
 	fred = self.draw.create_oval(0, 0, 20, 20, 
-				     {"fill" : SELECTED_COLOR, "tag" : "current"})
+				     fill=SELECTED_COLOR, tags=CURRENT)
 	# and make it selected
-	self.draw.addtag("selected", "withtag", "current")
+	self.draw.addtag("selected", "withtag", CURRENT)
 	
     def createWidgets(self):
-	self.QUIT = Button(self, {'text': 'QUIT', 
-				  'fg': 'red', 
-				  'command': self.quit})
+	self.QUIT = Button(self, text='QUIT', foreground='red',
+			   command=self.quit)
 
 	################
 	# make the canvas and bind some behavior to it
 	################
-	self.draw = Canvas(self, {"width" : "5i", "height" : "5i"})
+	self.draw = Canvas(self, width="5i", height="5i")
 	Widget.bind(self.draw, "<1>", self.mouseDown)
 	Widget.bind(self.draw, "<B1-Motion>", self.mouseMove)
 
-
 	# and other things.....
-	self.button = Button(self, {"text" : "make a new dot",
-				    "command" : self.makeNewDot,
-				    "fg" : "blue"})
-
-	self.label = Message(self,
-			     {"width" : "5i", 
-			      "text" : SELECTED_COLOR + " dots are selected and can be dragged.\n" +
-   			               UNSELECTED_COLOR + " are not selected.\n" +
-				             "Click in a dot to select it.\n" +
-				             "Click on empty space to deselect all dots." })
-
-	self.QUIT.pack({'side': 'bottom', 'fill': 'both'})	
-	self.label.pack({"side" : "bottom", "fill" : "x", "expand" : 1})
-	self.button.pack({"side" : "bottom", "fill" : "x"})
-	self.draw.pack({'side': 'left'})
-	
+	self.button = Button(self, text="make a new dot", foreground="blue",
+			     command=self.makeNewDot)
+
+	message = ("%s dots are selected and can be dragged.\n"
+		   "%s are not selected.\n"
+		   "Click in a dot to select it.\n"
+		   "Click on empty space to deselect all dots."
+		   ) % (SELECTED_COLOR, UNSELECTED_COLOR)
+	self.label = Message(self, width="5i", text=message)
+
+	self.QUIT.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=BOTH)
+	self.label.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X, expand=1)
+	self.button.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)
+	self.draw.pack(side=LEFT)
 
     def __init__(self, master=None):
 	Frame.__init__(self, master)

Demo/tkinter/matt/canvas-reading-tag-info.py

@@ -6,17 +6,16 @@ class Test(Frame):
 	print "hi"
 
     def createWidgets(self):
-	self.QUIT = Button(self, {'text': 'QUIT', 
-				  'fg': 'red', 
-				  'command': self.quit})
-	self.QUIT.pack({'side': 'bottom', 'fill': 'both'})	
+	self.QUIT = Button(self, text='QUIT', foreground='red', 
+			   command=self.quit)
+	self.QUIT.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=BOTH)
 
-	self.drawing = Canvas(self, {"width" : "5i", "height" : "5i"})
+	self.drawing = Canvas(self, width="5i", height="5i")
 
 	# make a shape
-	pgon = self.drawing.create_polygon("10", "10", "110", "10", "110", "110", "10" , "110", 
-				 {"fill" : "red", 
-				  "tags" : "weee foo groo"})
+	pgon = self.drawing.create_polygon(
+	    10, 10, 110, 10, 110, 110, 10 , 110,
+	    fill="red", tags=("weee", "foo", "groo"))
 
 	# this is how you query an object for its attributes 
 	# config options FOR CANVAS ITEMS always come back in tuples of length 5.
@@ -31,15 +30,14 @@ class Test(Frame):
 	option_value = self.drawing.itemconfig(pgon, "stipple")
 	print "pgon's current stipple value is -->", option_value[4], "<--"
 	option_value = self.drawing.itemconfig(pgon,  "fill")
-	print "pgon's current fill value is -->", option_value[4], "<-- when he is usually colored -->", option_value[3], "<--"
+	print "pgon's current fill value is -->", option_value[4], "<--"
+	print "  when he is usually colored -->", option_value[3], "<--"
 
 	## here we print out all the tags associated with this object
 	option_value = self.drawing.itemconfig(pgon,  "tags")
 	print "pgon's tags are", option_value[4]
 
-	self.drawing.pack({'side': 'left'})
-
-
+	self.drawing.pack(side=LEFT)
 
     def __init__(self, master=None):
 	Frame.__init__(self, master)

Demo/tkinter/matt/canvas-w-widget-draw-el.py

@@ -7,15 +7,14 @@ class Test(Frame):
 	print "hi"
 
     def createWidgets(self):
-	self.QUIT = Button(self, {'text': 'QUIT', 
-				  'fg': 'red', 
-				  'command': self.quit})
-	self.QUIT.pack({'side': 'bottom', 'fill': 'both'})	
+	self.QUIT = Button(self, text='QUIT', foreground='red', 
+			   command=self.quit)
+	self.QUIT.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=BOTH)
 
-	self.draw = Canvas(self, {"width" : "5i", "height" : "5i"})
+	self.draw = Canvas(self, width="5i", height="5i")
 
-	self.button = Button(self, {"text" : "this is a button", 
-				    "command" : self.printhi})
+	self.button = Button(self, text="this is a button", 
+			     command=self.printhi)
 
 	# note here the coords are given in pixels (form the 
 	# upper right and corner of the window, as usual for X) 
@@ -23,11 +22,9 @@ class Test(Frame):
 	# whatever...use the "anchor" option to control what point of the 
 	# widget (in this case the button) gets mapped to the given x, y. 
 	# you can specify corners, edges, center, etc...
-	self.draw.create_window(300, 300, {"window" : self.button})
-
-	self.draw.pack({'side': 'left'})
-
+	self.draw.create_window(300, 300, window=self.button)
 
+	self.draw.pack(side=LEFT)
 
     def __init__(self, master=None):
 	Frame.__init__(self, master)

Demo/tkinter/matt/canvas-with-scrollbars.py

@@ -10,27 +10,23 @@ class Test(Frame):
 	print "hi"
 
     def createWidgets(self):
-	self.question = Label(self, {"text":  "Can Find The BLUE Square??????", 
-				     Pack : {"side" : "top"}})
-	
-	self.QUIT = Button(self, {'text': 'QUIT', 
-				  'bg': 'red', 
-				  "height" : "3", 
-				  'command': self.quit})
-	self.QUIT.pack({'side': 'bottom', 'fill': 'both'})	
-	spacer = Frame(self, {"height" : "0.25i", 
-			      Pack : {"side" : "bottom"}})
+	self.question = Label(self, text="Can Find The BLUE Square??????")
+	self.question.pack()
+
+	self.QUIT = Button(self, text='QUIT', background='red', 
+			   height=3, command=self.quit)
+	self.QUIT.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=BOTH)	
+	spacer = Frame(self, height="0.25i")
+	spacer.pack(side=BOTTOM)
 
 	# notice that the scroll region (20" x 20") is larger than 
 	# displayed size of the widget (5" x 5")
-	self.draw = Canvas(self, {"width" : "5i", 
-				  "height" : "5i", 
-				  "bg" : "white", 
-				  "scrollregion" : "0i 0i 20i 20i"})
+	self.draw = Canvas(self, width="5i", height="5i",
+			   background="white",
+			   scrollregion=(0, 0, "20i", "20i"))
 
-	
-	self.draw.scrollX = Scrollbar(self, {"orient" : "horizontal"}) 
-	self.draw.scrollY = Scrollbar(self, {"orient" : "vertical"}) 
+	self.draw.scrollX = Scrollbar(self, orient=HORIZONTAL)
+	self.draw.scrollY = Scrollbar(self, orient=VERTICAL)
 
 	# now tie the three together. This is standard boilerplate text
 	self.draw['xscrollcommand'] = self.draw.scrollX.set
@@ -40,16 +36,13 @@ class Test(Frame):
 
 	# draw something. Note that the first square 
 	# is visible, but you need to scroll to see the second one.
-	self.draw.create_polygon("0i", "0i", "3.5i", "0i", "3.5i", "3.5i", "0i" , "3.5i")
-	self.draw.create_polygon("10i", "10i", "13.5i", "10i", "13.5i", "13.5i", "10i" , "13.5i", "-fill", "blue")
+	self.draw.create_rectangle(0, 0, "3.5i", "3.5i", fill="black")
+	self.draw.create_rectangle("10i", "10i", "13.5i", "13.5i", fill="blue")
 
-	
 	# pack 'em up
-	self.draw.scrollX.pack({'side': 'bottom', 
-				"fill" : "x"})
-	self.draw.scrollY.pack({'side': 'right', 
-				"fill" : "y"})
-	self.draw.pack({'side': 'left'})
+	self.draw.scrollX.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)
+	self.draw.scrollY.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)
+	self.draw.pack(side=LEFT)
 
 
     def scrollCanvasX(self, *args): 

Demo/tkinter/matt/dialog-box.py

 from Tkinter import *
+from Dialog import Dialog
 
-# this shows how to create a new window with a button in it that can create new windows
+# this shows how to create a new window with a button in it
+# that can create new windows
 
 class Test(Frame):
     def printit(self):
 	print "hi"
 
     def makeWindow(self):
-	# there is no Tkinter interface to the dialog box. Making one would mean putting 
-	# a few wrapper functions in the Tkinter.py file.
-	# even better is to put in a SUIT-like selection of commonly-used dialogs.
-	# the parameters to this call are as follows: 
-
-	fred = Toplevel()               # a toplevel window that the dialog goes into
-
+	"""Create a top-level dialog with some buttons.
 
-	# this function returns the index of teh button chosen. In this case, 0 for "yes" and 1 for "no"
-
-	print self.tk.call("tk_dialog",           # the command name
-			   fred,                  # the name of a toplevel window
-			   "fred the dialog box", # the title on the window
-			   "click on a choice",   # the message to appear in the window
-			   "info",                # the bitmap (if any) to appear. If no bitmap is desired, pass ""
-			                          #     legal values here are:
-			                          #        string      what it looks like
-			                          #        ----------------------------------------------
-			                          #        error       a circle with a slash through it
-						  #	   grey25      grey square
-						  #	   grey50      darker grey square
-						  #	   hourglass   use for "wait.."
-						  #	   info        a large, lower case "i"
-						  #	   questhead   a human head with a "?" in it
-						  #	   question    a large "?"
-						  #	   warning     a large "!" 
-			                          #        @fname      any X bitmap where fname is the path to the file  
-			                          #
-			   "0",                   # the index of the default button choice. hitting return selects this
-			   "yes", "no")           # all remaining parameters are the labels for the 
-	                                          # buttons that appear left to right in the dialog box
+	This uses the Dialog class, which is a wrapper around the Tcl/Tk
+	tk_dialog script.  The function returns 0 if the user clicks 'yes'
+	or 1 if the user clicks 'no'.
+	"""
+	# the parameters to this call are as follows: 
+	d = Dialog(
+	    self,			## name of a toplevel window
+	    title="fred the dialog box",## title on the window
+	    text="click on a choice",	## message to appear in window
+	    bitmap="info",		## bitmap (if any) to appear;
+					## if none, use ""
+	    #     legal values here are:
+	    #      string      what it looks like
+	    #      ----------------------------------------------
+	    #      error       a circle with a slash through it
+	    #	   grey25      grey square
+	    #	   grey50      darker grey square
+	    #	   hourglass   use for "wait.."
+	    #	   info        a large, lower case "i"
+	    #	   questhead   a human head with a "?" in it
+	    #	   question    a large "?"
+	    #	   warning     a large "!" 
+	    #        @fname    X bitmap where fname is the path to the file  
+	    #
+	    default=0,    # the index of the default button choice.
+			  # hitting return selects this
+	    strings=("yes", "no"))
+			  # values of the 'strings' key are the labels for the 
+			  # buttons that appear left to right in the dialog box
+	return d.num
 
-      
 
     def createWidgets(self):
-	self.QUIT = Button(self, {'text': 'QUIT', 
-				  'fg': 'red', 
-				  'command': self.quit})
-	
-	self.QUIT.pack({'side': 'left', 'fill': 'both'})
-
+	self.QUIT = Button(self, text='QUIT', foreground='red', 
+			   command=self.quit)	
+	self.QUIT.pack(side=LEFT, fill=BOTH)
 
 	# a hello button
-	self.hi_there = Button(self, {'text': 'Make a New Window', 
-				      'command' : self.makeWindow})
-	self.hi_there.pack({'side': 'left'})
+	self.hi_there = Button(self, text='Make a New Window', 
+			       command=self.makeWindow)
+	self.hi_there.pack(side=LEFT)
 
 
     def __init__(self, master=None):

Demo/tkinter/matt/entry-with-shared-variable.py

@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ class App(Frame):
 	self.entrythingy = Entry()
 	self.entrythingy.pack()
 
-	self.button = Button(self, {"text" : "Uppercase The Entry", "command" : self.upper})
+	self.button = Button(self, text="Uppercase The Entry",
+			     command=self.upper)
 	self.button.pack()
 
-	
 	# here we have the text in the entry widget tied to a variable.
 	# changes in the variable are echoed in the widget and vice versa. 
 	# Very handy.
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class App(Frame):
 	# the other variable types that can be shadowed
 	self.contents = StringVar()
 	self.contents.set("this is a variable")
-	self.entrythingy.config({"textvariable":self.contents})
+	self.entrythingy.config(textvariable=self.contents)
 
 	# and here we get a callback when the user hits return. we could
 	# make the key that triggers the callback anything we wanted to.

Demo/tkinter/matt/killing-window-w-wm.py

@@ -15,9 +15,8 @@ class Test(Frame):
 
     def createWidgets(self):
 	# a hello button
-	self.hi_there = Button(self, {'text': 'Hello'})
-	self.hi_there.pack({'side': 'left'})
-
+	self.hi_there = Button(self, text='Hello')
+	self.hi_there.pack(side=LEFT)
 
     def __init__(self, master=None):
 	Frame.__init__(self, master)

Demo/tkinter/matt/menu-simple.py

@@ -43,33 +43,23 @@ def open_file():
 
 def makeFileMenu():
     # make menu button : "File"
-    File_button = Menubutton(mBar, {'text': 'File', 
-				    'underline': 0,
-				    Pack: {'side': 'left', 
-					   'padx': '1m'}})
-    
-    # make the pulldown part of the File menu. The parameter passed is the master.
-    # we attach it to the File button as a python attribute called "menu" by convention.
-    # hopefully this isn't too confusing...
+    File_button = Menubutton(mBar, text='File', underline=0)
+    File_button.pack(side=LEFT, padx="1m")
     File_button.menu = Menu(File_button)
     
     # add an item. The first param is a menu entry type, 
     # must be one of: "cascade", "checkbutton", "command", "radiobutton", "seperator"
     # see menu-demo-2.py for examples of use
-    File_button.menu.add('command', {'label': 'New...', 
-				     'underline': 0, 
-				     'command' : new_file})
-    
-    
-    File_button.menu.add('command', {'label': 'Open...', 
-				     'underline': 0, 
-				     'command' : open_file})
+    File_button.menu.add_command(label='New...', underline=0, 
+				 command=new_file)
     
-    File_button.menu.add('command', {'label': 'Quit', 
-				     'underline': 0, 
-				     'command': 'exit'})
     
+    File_button.menu.add_command(label='Open...', underline=0, 
+				 command=open_file)
     
+    File_button.menu.add_command(label='Quit', underline=0, 
+				 command='exit')
+
     # set up a pointer from the file menubutton back to the file menu
     File_button['menu'] = File_button.menu
 
@@ -78,22 +68,20 @@ def makeFileMenu():
 
 
 def makeEditMenu():
-    Edit_button = Menubutton(mBar, {'text': 'Edit', 
-				    'underline': 0,
-				    Pack: {'side': 'left', 
-					   'padx' : '1m'}})
+    Edit_button = Menubutton(mBar, text='Edit', underline=0)
+    Edit_button.pack(side=LEFT, padx="1m")
     Edit_button.menu = Menu(Edit_button)
 
     # just to be cute, let's disable the undo option:
-    Edit_button.menu.add('command', {"label" : "Undo"} )
+    Edit_button.menu.add('command', label="Undo")
     # undo is the 0th entry...
-    Edit_button.menu.entryconfig(0, {"state" : "disabled"})
+    Edit_button.menu.entryconfig(0, state=DISABLED)
 
     # and these are just for show. No "command" callbacks attached.
-    Edit_button.menu.add('command', {"label" : "Cut"} )
-    Edit_button.menu.add('command', {"label" : "Copy"} )
-    Edit_button.menu.add('command', {"label" : "Paste"} )
-					
+    Edit_button.menu.add_command(label="Cut")
+    Edit_button.menu.add_command(label="Copy")
+    Edit_button.menu.add_command(label="Paste")
+
     # set up a pointer from the file menubutton back to the file menu
     Edit_button['menu'] = Edit_button.menu
 
@@ -107,10 +95,8 @@ root = Tk()
 
 
 # make a menu bar
-mBar = Frame(root, {'relief': 'raised', 
-		    'bd': 2,
-		    Pack: {'side': 'top', 
-			   'fill': 'x'}})
+mBar = Frame(root, relief=RAISED, borderwidth=2)
+mBar.pack(fill=X)
 
 File_button = makeFileMenu()
 Edit_button = makeEditMenu()
@@ -119,7 +105,6 @@ Edit_button = makeEditMenu()
 # This allows for scanning from one menubutton to the next.
 mBar.tk_menuBar(File_button, Edit_button)
 
-
 root.title('menu demo')
 root.iconname('packer')
 

Demo/tkinter/matt/not-what-you-might-think-1.py

@@ -4,19 +4,15 @@ from Tkinter import *
 class Test(Frame):
     def createWidgets(self):
 
-	self.Gpanel = Frame(self, {'width': '1i', 
-				   'height' : '1i',
-				   'bg' : 'green'}) 
-	self.Gpanel.pack({'side' : 'left'})
-
+	self.Gpanel = Frame(self, width='1i', height='1i',
+			    background='green') 
+	self.Gpanel.pack(side=LEFT)
 
 	# a QUIT button
-	self.Gpanel.QUIT = Button(self.Gpanel, {'text': 'QUIT', 
-						'fg': 'red',
-						'command': self.quit})
-	self.Gpanel.QUIT.pack( {'side': 'left'})
-
-
+	self.Gpanel.QUIT = Button(self.Gpanel, text='QUIT', 
+				  foreground='red',
+				  command=self.quit)
+	self.Gpanel.QUIT.pack(side=LEFT)
 
 
     def __init__(self, master=None):

Demo/tkinter/matt/not-what-you-might-think-2.py

@@ -4,25 +4,18 @@ from Tkinter import *
 class Test(Frame):
     def createWidgets(self):
 
-	self.Gpanel = Frame(self, {'width': '1i', 
-				   'height' : '1i',
-				   'bg' : 'green'})
+	self.Gpanel = Frame(self, width='1i', height='1i',
+			    background='green')
 
 	# this line turns off the recalculation of geometry by masters.
-	self.Gpanel.tk.call('pack', 'propagate', str(self.Gpanel), "0")
-
-	self.Gpanel.pack({'side' : 'left'})
-
+	self.Gpanel.propagate(0)
 
+	self.Gpanel.pack(side=LEFT)
 
 	# a QUIT button
-	self.Gpanel.QUIT = Button(self.Gpanel, {'text': 'QUIT', 
-						'fg': 'red',
-						'command': self.quit})
-	self.Gpanel.QUIT.pack( {'side': 'left'})
-
-	
-
+	self.Gpanel.QUIT = Button(self.Gpanel, text='QUIT', foreground='red',
+				  command=self.quit)
+	self.Gpanel.QUIT.pack(side=LEFT)
 
     def __init__(self, master=None):
 	Frame.__init__(self, master)

Demo/tkinter/matt/packer-and-placer-together.py

@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@ from Tkinter import *
 
 
 def do_motion(event):
-    app.button.place({'x' : event.x, 
-		      'y' : event.y})
+    app.button.place(x=event.x, y=event.y)
 
 def dothis():
     print 'calling me!'
@@ -16,27 +15,20 @@ def createWidgets(top):
     # and the window containing is 400x400. We do this
     # simply to show that this is possible. The rest of the
     # area is inaccesssible.
-    f = Frame(top, {'width' : '200', 
-		    'height' : '200',
-		    'bg' : 'green'})
+    f = Frame(top, width=200, height=200, background='green')
 
     # note that we use a different manager here. 
     # This way, the top level frame widget resizes when the 
     # application window does. 
-    f.pack({'fill' : 'both', 
-	    'expand' : 1})
+    f.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=1)
 
     # now make a button
-    f.button = Button(f, {'fg' : 'red', 
-			  'text' : 'amazing', 
-			  'command' : dothis})
-    
+    f.button = Button(f, foreground='red', text='amazing', command=dothis)
+
     # and place it so that the nw corner is 
     # 1/2 way along the top X edge of its' parent
-    f.button.place({'relx' : '0.5', 
-		    'rely' : '0.0', 
-		    'anchor' : 'nw'})
-    
+    f.button.place(relx=0.5, rely=0.0, anchor=NW)
+
     # allow the user to move the button SUIT-style.
     f.bind('<Control-Shift-Motion>', do_motion)
 

Demo/tkinter/matt/packer-simple.py

@@ -7,23 +7,20 @@ class Test(Frame):
 
     def createWidgets(self):
 	# a hello button
-	self.QUIT = Button(self, {'text': 'QUIT', 
-				  'fg': 'red', 
-				  'command': self.quit})
-	
-	self.QUIT.pack({'side': 'left', 'fill': 'both'})
+	self.QUIT = Button(self, text='QUIT', foreground='red', 
+			   command=self.quit)
+	self.QUIT.pack(side=LEFT, fill=BOTH)
 
+	self.hi_there = Button(self, text='Hello', 
+			       command=self.printit)
+	self.hi_there.pack(side=LEFT)
 
-	self.hi_there = Button(self, {'text': 'Hello', 
-				      'command' : self.printit})
-	self.hi_there.pack({'side': 'left'})
+	# note how Packer defaults to side=TOP
 
-	# note how Packer defaults to {'side': 'top'}
-
-	self.guy2 = Button(self, {'text': 'button 2'})
+	self.guy2 = Button(self, text='button 2')
 	self.guy2.pack()
 
-	self.guy3 = Button(self, {'text': 'button 3'})
+	self.guy3 = Button(self, text='button 3')
 	self.guy3.pack()
 
     def __init__(self, master=None):

Demo/tkinter/matt/placer-simple.py

@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@ from Tkinter import *
 # This is a program that tests the placer geom manager
 
 def do_motion(event):
-    app.button.place({'x' : event.x, 
-		      'y' : event.y})
+    app.button.place(x=event.x, y=event.y)
 
 def dothis():
     print 'calling me!'
@@ -14,27 +13,20 @@ def createWidgets(top):
     # and the window containing is 400x400. We do this
     # simply to show that this is possible. The rest of the
     # area is inaccesssible.
-    f = Frame(top, {'width' : '200', 
-		    'height' : '200',
-		    'bg' : 'green'})
+    f = Frame(top, width=200, height=200, background='green')
 
     # place it so the upper left hand corner of 
     # the frame is in the upper left corner of
     # the parent
-    f.place({'relx' : '0.0', 
-	     'rely' : '0.0'})
+    f.place(relx=0.0, rely=0.0)
 
     # now make a button
-    f.button = Button(f, {'fg' : 'red', 
-			  'text' : 'amazing', 
-			  'command' : dothis})
-    
+    f.button = Button(f, foreground='red', text='amazing', command=dothis)
+
     # and place it so that the nw corner is 
     # 1/2 way along the top X edge of its' parent
-    f.button.place({'relx' : '0.5', 
-		    'rely' : '0.0', 
-		    'anchor' : 'nw'})
-    
+    f.button.place(relx=0.5, rely=0.0, anchor=NW)
+
     # allow the user to move the button SUIT-style.
     f.bind('<Control-Shift-Motion>', do_motion)
 

Demo/tkinter/matt/pong-demo-1.py

@@ -5,31 +5,28 @@ import string
 
 class Pong(Frame):
     def createWidgets(self):
-	self.QUIT = Button(self, {'text': 'QUIT', 
-				  'fg': 'red', 
-				  'command': self.quit})
-	self.QUIT.pack({'side': 'left', 'fill': 'both'})	
+	self.QUIT = Button(self, text='QUIT', foreground='red', 
+			   command=self.quit)
+	self.QUIT.pack(side=LEFT, fill=BOTH)
 
 	## The playing field
-	self.draw = Canvas(self, {"width" : "5i", "height" : "5i"})
+	self.draw = Canvas(self, width="5i", height="5i")
 
 	## The speed control for the ball
-	self.speed = Scale(self, {"orient":  "horiz", 
-				  "label" : "ball speed", 
-				  "from" : -100, 
-				  "to" : 100})
+	self.speed = Scale(self, orient=HORIZONTAL, label="ball speed", 
+			   from_=-100, to=100)
 
-	self.speed.pack({'side': 'bottom', "fill" : "x"})
+	self.speed.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)
 
 	# The ball
-	self.ball = self.draw.create_oval("0i", "0i", "0.10i", "0.10i", {"fill" : "red"})
+	self.ball = self.draw.create_oval("0i", "0i", "0.10i", "0.10i",
+					  fill="red")
 	self.x = 0.05
 	self.y = 0.05
 	self.velocity_x = 0.3
 	self.velocity_y = 0.5
 
-	self.draw.pack({'side': 'left'})
-
+	self.draw.pack(side=LEFT)
 
     def moveBall(self, *args):
 	if (self.x > 5.0) or (self.x < 0.0): 
@@ -44,8 +41,6 @@ class Pong(Frame):
 
 	self.draw.move(self.ball,  `deltax` + "i", `deltay` + "i")
 	self.after(10, self.moveBall)
-	
-
 
     def __init__(self, master=None):
 	Frame.__init__(self, master)

Demo/tkinter/matt/printing-coords-of-items.py

@@ -8,26 +8,23 @@ class Test(Frame):
     ###################################################################
     def mouseDown(self, event):
 	# see if we're inside a dot. If we are, it
-	# gets tagged as "current" for free by tk.
+	# gets tagged as CURRENT for free by tk.
 
-	if not event.widget.find_withtag("current"):
+	if not event.widget.find_withtag(CURRENT):
 	    # there is no dot here, so we can make one,
 	    # and bind some interesting behavior to it.
 	    # ------
-	
 	    # create a dot, and mark it as current
-	    fred = self.draw.create_oval(event.x - 10, event.y -10, event.x +10, event.y + 10,
-					 {"fill" : "green", "tag" : "current"})
-
-	    self.draw.bind(fred, "<Any-Enter>", self.mouseEnter)
-	    self.draw.bind(fred, "<Any-Leave>", self.mouseLeave)
-	    
+	    fred = self.draw.create_oval(
+		event.x - 10, event.y -10, event.x +10, event.y + 10,
+		fill="green")
+	    self.draw.tag_bind(fred, "<Enter>", self.mouseEnter)
+	    self.draw.tag_bind(fred, "<Leave>", self.mouseLeave)
 	self.lastx = event.x
 	self.lasty = event.y
-		
-	
+
     def mouseMove(self, event):
-	self.draw.move("current", event.x - self.lastx, event.y - self.lasty)
+	self.draw.move(CURRENT, event.x - self.lastx, event.y - self.lasty)
 	self.lastx = event.x
 	self.lasty = event.y
 
@@ -37,23 +34,21 @@ class Test(Frame):
     def mouseEnter(self, event):
         # the "current" tag is applied to the object the cursor is over.
 	# this happens automatically.
-	self.draw.itemconfig("current", {"fill" : "red"})
-	print self.tk.splitlist(self.draw.coords("current"))
+	self.draw.itemconfig(CURRENT, fill="red")
+	print self.draw.coords(CURRENT)
 	
     def mouseLeave(self, event):
 	# the "current" tag is applied to the object the cursor is over.
 	# this happens automatically.
-	self.draw.itemconfig("current", {"fill" : "blue"})
+	self.draw.itemconfig(CURRENT, fill="blue")
 
     def createWidgets(self):
-	self.QUIT = Button(self, {'text': 'QUIT', 
-				  'fg': 'red', 
-				  'command': self.quit})
-	self.QUIT.pack({'side': 'left', 'fill': 'both'})	
-	self.draw = Canvas(self, {"width" : "5i", "height" : "5i"})
-	self.draw.pack({'side': 'left'})
-	
-	
+	self.QUIT = Button(self, text='QUIT', foreground='red',
+			   command=self.quit)
+	self.QUIT.pack(side=LEFT, fill=BOTH)	
+	self.draw = Canvas(self, width="5i", height="5i")
+	self.draw.pack(side=LEFT)
+
 	Widget.bind(self.draw, "<1>", self.mouseDown)
 	Widget.bind(self.draw, "<B1-Motion>", self.mouseMove)
 

Demo/tkinter/matt/radiobutton-simple.py

@@ -26,34 +26,30 @@ class Test(Frame):
 	# 'variable' is the name of the variable that all these radio buttons share
 	# 'value' is the value this variable takes on when the radio button is selected
 	# 'anchor' makes the text appear left justified (default is centered. ick)
-	self.radioframe.choc = Radiobutton (self.radioframe, {"text" : "Chocolate Flavor", 
-							      "variable" : self.flavor,
-							      "value" : "chocolate",
-							      "anchor" : "w", 
-							      Pack : {"side" : "top", "fill" : "x"}})
-
-	self.radioframe.straw = Radiobutton (self.radioframe, {"text" : "Strawberry Flavor", 
-							       "variable" : self.flavor,
-							      "anchor" : "w", 
-							       "value" : "strawberry", 
-							       Pack : {"side" : "top", "fill" : "x"}})
-
-	self.radioframe.lemon = Radiobutton (self.radioframe, {"text" : "Lemon Flavor", 
-							      "anchor" : "w", 
-							       "variable" : self.flavor,
-							       "value" : "lemon", 
-							       Pack : {"side" : "top", "fill" : "x"}})
-
+	self.radioframe.choc = Radiobutton(
+	    self.radioframe, text="Chocolate Flavor", 
+	    variable=self.flavor, value="chocolate",
+	    anchor=W)
+	self.radioframe.choc.pack(fill=X)
+
+	self.radioframe.straw = Radiobutton(
+	    self.radioframe, text="Strawberry Flavor", 
+	    variable=self.flavor, value="strawberry",
+	    anchor=W)
+	self.radioframe.straw.pack(fill=X)
+
+	self.radioframe.lemon = Radiobutton(
+	    self.radioframe, text="Lemon Flavor", 
+	    variable=self.flavor, value="lemon", 
+	    anchor=W)
+	self.radioframe.lemon.pack(fill=X)
 	
 	# this is a text entry that lets you type in the name of a flavor too.
-	self.entry = Entry(self, {"textvariable" : self.flavor, 
-				  Pack : {"side" : "top", "fill" : "x"}})
-	self.QUIT = Button(self, {'text': 'QUIT', 
-				  'fg': 'red', 
-				  'command': self.quit})
-	
-	self.QUIT.pack({'side': 'bottom', 'fill': 'both'})
-
+	self.entry = Entry(self, textvariable=self.flavor)
+	self.entry.pack(fill=X)
+	self.QUIT = Button(self, text='QUIT', foreground='red',
+			   command=self.quit)
+	self.QUIT.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=BOTH)
 
 
     def __init__(self, master=None):

Demo/tkinter/matt/rubber-band-box-demo-1.py

@@ -5,15 +5,15 @@ class Test(Frame):
 	print "hi"
 
     def createWidgets(self):
-	self.QUIT = Button(self, {'text': 'QUIT', 
-				  'bg': 'red', 
-				  'fg': 'white', 
-				  'height' : 3, 
-				  'command': self.quit})
-	self.QUIT.pack({'side': 'bottom', 'fill': 'both'})	
+	self.QUIT = Button(self, text='QUIT',
+				  background='red', 
+				  foreground='white', 
+				  height=3, 
+				  command=self.quit)
+	self.QUIT.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=BOTH)
 
-	self.canvasObject = Canvas(self, {"width" : "5i", "height" : "5i"})
-	self.canvasObject.pack({'side': 'left'})
+	self.canvasObject = Canvas(self, width="5i", height="5i")
+	self.canvasObject.pack(side=LEFT)
 
     def mouseDown(self, event):
 	# canvas x and y take the screen coords from the event and translate
@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ class Test(Frame):
 
 	if (self.startx != event.x)  and (self.starty != event.y) : 
 	    self.canvasObject.delete(self.rubberbandBox)
-	    self.rubberbandBox = self.canvasObject.create_rectangle(self.startx, self.starty, x, y)
+	    self.rubberbandBox = self.canvasObject.create_rectangle(
+		self.startx, self.starty, x, y)
 	    # this flushes the output, making sure that 
 	    # the rectangle makes it to the screen 
 	    # before the next event is handled
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ class Test(Frame):
 	Widget.bind(self.canvasObject, "<Button-1>", self.mouseDown)
 	Widget.bind(self.canvasObject, "<Button1-Motion>", self.mouseMotion)
 	Widget.bind(self.canvasObject, "<Button1-ButtonRelease>", self.mouseUp)
-	
+
 
 test = Test()
 

Demo/tkinter/matt/rubber-line-demo-1.py

@@ -5,15 +5,15 @@ class Test(Frame):
 	print "hi"
 
     def createWidgets(self):
-	self.QUIT = Button(self, {'text': 'QUIT', 
-				  'bg': 'red', 
-				  'fg': 'white', 
-				  'height' : 3, 
-				  'command': self.quit})
-	self.QUIT.pack({'side': 'bottom', 'fill': 'both'})	
+	self.QUIT = Button(self, text='QUIT', 
+				  background='red', 
+				  foreground='white', 
+				  height=3, 
+				  command=self.quit)
+	self.QUIT.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=BOTH)
 
-	self.canvasObject = Canvas(self, {"width" : "5i", "height" : "5i"})
-	self.canvasObject.pack({'side': 'left'})
+	self.canvasObject = Canvas(self, width="5i", height="5i")
+	self.canvasObject.pack(side=LEFT)
 
     def mouseDown(self, event):
 	# canvas x and y take the screen coords from the event and translate
@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ class Test(Frame):
 
 	if (self.startx != event.x)  and (self.starty != event.y) : 
 	    self.canvasObject.delete(self.rubberbandLine)
-	    self.rubberbandLine = self.canvasObject.create_line(self.startx, self.starty, x, y)
+	    self.rubberbandLine = self.canvasObject.create_line(
+		self.startx, self.starty, x, y)
 	    # this flushes the output, making sure that 
 	    # the rectangle makes it to the screen 
 	    # before the next event is handled

Demo/tkinter/matt/slider-demo-1.py

@@ -11,25 +11,21 @@ class Test(Frame):
 	self.slider.set(0)
 
     def createWidgets(self):
-	self.slider = Scale(self, {"from" : 0,
-				   'to': 100, 
-				   "orient" : "horizontal", 
-				   "length" : "3i", 
-				   "label" : "happy slider", 
-				   'command' : self.print_value})
-
-	self.reset = Button(self, {'text': 'reset slider', 
-				  'command': self.reset})
-	
-
-	self.QUIT = Button(self, {'text': 'QUIT', 
-				  'fg': 'red', 
-				  'command': self.quit})
-	
-
-	self.slider.pack({'side': 'left'})
-	self.reset.pack({'side': 'left'})
-	self.QUIT.pack({'side': 'left', 'fill': 'both'})
+	self.slider = Scale(self, from_=0, to=100, 
+			    orient=HORIZONTAL, 
+			    length="3i", 
+			    label="happy slider", 
+			    command=self.print_value)
+
+	self.reset = Button(self, text='reset slider', 
+			    command=self.reset)
+
+	self.QUIT = Button(self, text='QUIT', foreground='red', 
+			   command=self.quit)
+
+	self.slider.pack(side=LEFT)
+	self.reset.pack(side=LEFT)
+	self.QUIT.pack(side=LEFT, fill=BOTH)
 
     def __init__(self, master=None):
 	Frame.__init__(self, master)

Demo/tkinter/matt/subclass-existing-widgets.py

@@ -11,22 +11,18 @@ class New_Button(Button):
 def createWidgets(top):
     f = Frame(top)
     f.pack()
-    f.QUIT = Button(f, {'text': 'QUIT', 
-			    'fg': 'red', 
-			    'command': top.quit})
-	
-    f.QUIT.pack({'side': 'left', 'fill': 'both'})
+    f.QUIT = Button(f, text='QUIT', foreground='red', command=top.quit)
 
+    f.QUIT.pack(side=LEFT, fill=BOTH)
 
     # a hello button
-    f.hi_there = New_Button(f, {'text': 'Hello'})
+    f.hi_there = New_Button(f, text='Hello')
     # we do this on a different line because we need to reference f.hi_there
-    f.hi_there.config({'command' : f.hi_there.callback})
-    f.hi_there.pack({'side': 'left'})
+    f.hi_there.config(command=f.hi_there.callback)
+    f.hi_there.pack(side=LEFT)
     f.hi_there.counter = 43
 
 
-
 root = Tk()
 createWidgets(root)
 root.mainloop()

Demo/tkinter/matt/two-radio-groups.py

@@ -19,29 +19,27 @@ from Tkinter import *
 
 
 
-def makePoliticalParties():
+def makePoliticalParties(var):
     # make menu button 
-    Radiobutton_button = Menubutton(mBar, {'text': 'Political Party', 
-					   'underline': 0,
-					   Pack: {'side': 'left', 
-						  'padx': '2m'}})
+    Radiobutton_button = Menubutton(mBar, text='Political Party', 
+				    underline=0)
+    Radiobutton_button.pack(side=LEFT, padx='2m')
     
     # the primary pulldown
     Radiobutton_button.menu = Menu(Radiobutton_button)
 
-    Radiobutton_button.menu.add('radiobutton', {'label': 'Republican', 
-						'variable' : party, 
-						'value' : 1})
+    Radiobutton_button.menu.add_radiobutton(label='Republican', 
+					    variable=var, value=1)
 
     Radiobutton_button.menu.add('radiobutton', {'label': 'Democrat', 
-						'variable' : party, 
+						'variable' : var, 
 						'value' : 2})
 
     Radiobutton_button.menu.add('radiobutton', {'label': 'Libertarian', 
-						'variable' : party, 
+						'variable' : var, 
 						'value' : 3})
     
-    party.set(2)
+    var.set(2)
 
     # set up a pointer from the file menubutton back to the file menu
     Radiobutton_button['menu'] = Radiobutton_button.menu
@@ -49,29 +47,26 @@ def makePoliticalParties():
     return Radiobutton_button
 
 
-def makeFlavors():
+def makeFlavors(var):
     # make menu button 
-    Radiobutton_button = Menubutton(mBar, {'text': 'Flavors', 
-					   'underline': 0,
-					   Pack: {'side': 'left', 
-						  'padx': '2m'}})
+    Radiobutton_button = Menubutton(mBar, text='Flavors', 
+				    underline=0)
+    Radiobutton_button.pack(side=LEFT, padx='2m')
+
     # the primary pulldown
     Radiobutton_button.menu = Menu(Radiobutton_button)
 
-    Radiobutton_button.menu.add('radiobutton', {'label': 'Strawberry', 
-						'variable' : flavor, 
-						'value' : 'Strawberry'})
+    Radiobutton_button.menu.add_radiobutton(label='Strawberry',
+					    variable=var, value='Strawberry')
 
-    Radiobutton_button.menu.add('radiobutton', {'label': 'Chocolate', 
-						'variable' : flavor, 
-						'value' : 'Chocolate'})
+    Radiobutton_button.menu.add_radiobutton(label='Chocolate',
+					    variable=var, value='Chocolate')
 
-    Radiobutton_button.menu.add('radiobutton', {'label': 'Rocky Road', 
-						'variable' : flavor, 
-						'value' : 'Rocky Road'})
+    Radiobutton_button.menu.add_radiobutton(label='Rocky Road',
+					    variable=var, value='Rocky Road')
 
     # choose a default
-    flavor.set("Chocolate")
+    var.set("Chocolate")
 
     # set up a pointer from the file menubutton back to the file menu
     Radiobutton_button['menu'] = Radiobutton_button.menu
@@ -82,7 +77,7 @@ def makeFlavors():
 def printStuff():
     print "party is", party.get()
     print "flavor is", flavor.get()
-    print ""
+    print
 
 #################################################
 #### Main starts here ...
@@ -90,27 +85,24 @@ root = Tk()
 
 
 # make a menu bar
-mBar = Frame(root, {'relief': 'raised', 
-		    'bd': 2,
-		    Pack: {'side': 'top', 
-			   'fill': 'x'}})
+mBar = Frame(root, relief=RAISED, borderwidth=2)
+mBar.pack(fill=X)
 
 # make two application variables, 
 # one to control each radio button set
 party = IntVar()
 flavor = StringVar()
 
-Radiobutton_button = makePoliticalParties()
-Radiobutton_button2 = makeFlavors()
+Radiobutton_button = makePoliticalParties(party)
+Radiobutton_button2 = makeFlavors(flavor)
 
 # finally, install the buttons in the menu bar. 
 # This allows for scanning from one menubutton to the next.
 mBar.tk_menuBar(Radiobutton_button, Radiobutton_button2)
 
-b = Button(root, {"text": "print party and flavor", 
-		  "command" : printStuff, 
-		  "fg":  "red"})
-b.pack({"side" : "top"})
+b = Button(root, text="print party and flavor", foreground="red",
+	   command=printStuff)
+b.pack(side=TOP)
 
 root.title('menu demo')
 root.iconname('menu demo')

Demo/tkinter/matt/window-creation-more.py

 from Tkinter import *
 
-# this shows how to create a new window with a button in it that can create new windows
+# this shows how to create a new window with a button in it
+# that can create new windows
 
 class Test(Frame):
     def printit(self):
@@ -8,24 +9,21 @@ class Test(Frame):
 
     def makeWindow(self):
 	fred = Toplevel()
-	fred.label = Button(fred, {'text': "This is window number " + `self.windownum` + "." , 
-				   'command' : self.makeWindow})
+	fred.label = Button(fred,
+			    text="This is window number %d." % self.windownum, 
+			    command=self.makeWindow)
 	fred.label.pack()
 	self.windownum = self.windownum + 1
 
     def createWidgets(self):
-	self.QUIT = Button(self, {'text': 'QUIT', 
-				  'fg': 'red', 
-				  'command': self.quit})
-	
-	self.QUIT.pack({'side': 'left', 'fill': 'both'})
-
+	self.QUIT = Button(self, text='QUIT', foreground='red', 
+			   command=self.quit)
+	self.QUIT.pack(side=LEFT, fill=BOTH)
 
 	# a hello button
-	self.hi_there = Button(self, {'text': 'Make a New Window', 
-				      'command' : self.makeWindow})
-	self.hi_there.pack({'side': 'left'})
-
+	self.hi_there = Button(self, text='Make a New Window', 
+			       command=self.makeWindow)
+	self.hi_there.pack(side=LEFT)
 
     def __init__(self, master=None):
 	Frame.__init__(self, master)

Demo/tkinter/matt/window-creation-simple.py

@@ -8,22 +8,19 @@ class Test(Frame):
 
     def makeWindow(self):
 	fred = Toplevel()
-	fred.label = Label(fred, {'text': "Here's a new window",})
+	fred.label = Label(fred, text="Here's a new window")
 	fred.label.pack()
 
     def createWidgets(self):
-	self.QUIT = Button(self, {'text': 'QUIT', 
-				  'fg': 'red', 
-				  'command': self.quit})
+	self.QUIT = Button(self, text='QUIT', foreground='red', 
+			   command=self.quit)
 	
-	self.QUIT.pack({'side': 'left', 'fill': 'both'})
-
+	self.QUIT.pack(side=LEFT, fill=BOTH)
 
 	# a hello button
-	self.hi_there = Button(self, {'text': 'Make a New Window', 
-				      'command' : self.makeWindow})
-	self.hi_there.pack({'side': 'left'})
-
+	self.hi_there = Button(self, text='Make a New Window', 
+			       command=self.makeWindow)
+	self.hi_there.pack(side=LEFT)
 
     def __init__(self, master=None):
 	Frame.__init__(self, master)

Demo/tkinter/matt/window-creation-w-location.py

@@ -4,15 +4,15 @@ import sys
 sys.path.append("/users/mjc4y/projects/python/tkinter/utils")
 from TkinterUtils  import *
 
-# this shows how to create a new window with a button in it that can create new windows
+# this shows how to create a new window with a button in it that
+# can create new windows
 
 
 class Test(Frame):
     def makeWindow(self, *args):
 	fred = Toplevel()
 
-	fred.label = Canvas (fred, {"width" : "2i", 
-				       "height" : "2i"})
+	fred.label = Canvas (fred, width="2i", height="2i")
 
 	fred.label.create_line("0", "0", "2i", "2i")
 	fred.label.create_line("0", "2i", "2i", "0")
@@ -22,14 +22,12 @@ class Test(Frame):
 
     def createWidgets(self):
 	self.QUIT = QuitButton(self)
-	self.QUIT.pack({'side': 'left', 'fill': 'both'})
+	self.QUIT.pack(side=LEFT, fill=BOTH)
 
-
-	self.makeWindow = Button(self, {'text': 'Make a New Window', 
-				  'width' : 50,
-				  'height' : 20,
-				      'command' : self.makeWindow})
-	self.makeWindow.pack({'side': 'left'})
+	self.makeWindow = Button(self, text='Make a New Window',
+				 width=50, height=20,
+				 command=self.makeWindow)
+	self.makeWindow.pack(side=LEFT)
 
     def __init__(self, master=None):
 	Frame.__init__(self, master)