Should use posix_error here.

Lib/test/test_ntpath.py

@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ class TestNtpath(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertFalse(ntpath.sameopenfile(tf1.fileno(), tf2.fileno()))
             # Make sure invalid values don't cause issues on win32
             if sys.platform == "win32":
-                with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+                with self.assertRaises(OSError):
                     # Invalid file descriptors shouldn't display assert
                     # dialogs (#4804)
                     ntpath.sameopenfile(-1, -1)

Modules/posixmodule.c

@@ -2803,14 +2803,12 @@ posix__getfileinformation(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i:_getfileinformation", &fd))
         return NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyVerify_fd(fd)) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "received invalid file descriptor");
-        return NULL;
-    }
+    if (!_PyVerify_fd(fd))
+        return posix_error();
 
     hFile = (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd);
     if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-        return win32_error("_getfileinformation", NULL);
+        return posix_error();
 
     if (!GetFileInformationByHandle(hFile, &info))
         return win32_error("_getfileinformation", NULL);