- Issue #18440: Clarify that `hash()` can truncate the value returned from an

  object's custom `__hash__()` method.

Doc/library/functions.rst

@@ -583,11 +583,16 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
 
 .. function:: hash(object)
 
-   Return the hash value of the object (if it has one).  Hash values are integers.
-   They are used to quickly compare dictionary keys during a dictionary lookup.
-   Numeric values that compare equal have the same hash value (even if they are of
-   different types, as is the case for 1 and 1.0).
+   Return the hash value of the object (if it has one).  Hash values are
+   integers.  They are used to quickly compare dictionary keys during a
+   dictionary lookup.  Numeric values that compare equal have the same hash
+   value (even if they are of different types, as is the case for 1 and 1.0).
 
+  .. note::
+
+    For object's with custom :meth:`__hash__` methods, note that :func:`hash`
+    truncates the return value based on the bit width of the host machine.
+    See :meth:`__hash__` for details.
 
 .. function:: help([object])
 

Doc/reference/datamodel.rst

@@ -1264,10 +1264,21 @@ Basic customization
 
    Called by built-in function :func:`hash` and for operations on members of
    hashed collections including :class:`set`, :class:`frozenset`, and
-   :class:`dict`.  :meth:`__hash__` should return an integer.  The only required
-   property is that objects which compare equal have the same hash value; it is
-   advised to somehow mix together (e.g. using exclusive or) the hash values for
-   the components of the object that also play a part in comparison of objects.
+   :class:`dict`.  :meth:`__hash__` should return an integer.  The only
+   required property is that objects which compare equal have the same hash
+   value; it is advised to somehow mix together (e.g. using exclusive or) the
+   hash values for the components of the object that also play a part in
+   comparison of objects.
+
+   .. note::
+
+     :func:`hash` truncates the value returned from an object's custom
+     :meth:`__hash__` method to the size of a :c:type:`Py_ssize_t`.  This is
+     typically 8 bytes on 64-bit builds and 4 bytes on 32-bit builds.  If an
+     object's   :meth:`__hash__` must interoperate on builds of different bit
+     sizes, be sure to check the width on all supported builds.  An easy way
+     to do this is with
+     ``python -c "import sys; print(sys.hash_info.width)"``
 
    If a class does not define an :meth:`__eq__` method it should not define a
    :meth:`__hash__` operation either; if it defines :meth:`__eq__` but not

Misc/NEWS

@@ -210,6 +210,9 @@ Tests
 Documentation
 -------------
 
+- Issue #18440: Clarify that `hash()` can truncate the value returned from an
+  object's custom `__hash__()` method.
+
 - Issue #17953: Mention that you shouldn't replace sys.modules and deleting key
   items will cause Python to not be happy.