Issue #25701: Document C API functions that both set and delete objects

Also document that the separate functions that delete objects are preferred;
using PyObject_SetAttr(), _SetAttrString(), and PySequence_SetItem() to
delete is deprecated.

Doc/c-api/object.rst

@@ -68,25 +68,35 @@ Object Protocol
 .. c:function:: int PyObject_SetAttr(PyObject *o, PyObject *attr_name, PyObject *v)
 
    Set the value of the attribute named *attr_name*, for object *o*, to the value
-   *v*. Returns ``-1`` on failure.  This is the equivalent of the Python statement
+   *v*. Raise an exception and return ``-1`` on failure;
+   return ``0`` on success.  This is the equivalent of the Python statement
    ``o.attr_name = v``.
 
+   If *v* is *NULL*, the attribute is deleted, however this feature is
+   deprecated in favour of using :c:func:`PyObject_DelAttr`.
+
 
 .. c:function:: int PyObject_SetAttrString(PyObject *o, const char *attr_name, PyObject *v)
 
    Set the value of the attribute named *attr_name*, for object *o*, to the value
-   *v*. Returns ``-1`` on failure.  This is the equivalent of the Python statement
+   *v*. Raise an exception and return ``-1`` on failure;
+   return ``0`` on success.  This is the equivalent of the Python statement
    ``o.attr_name = v``.
 
+   If *v* is *NULL*, the attribute is deleted, however this feature is
+   deprecated in favour of using :c:func:`PyObject_DelAttrString`.
+
 
 .. c:function:: int PyObject_GenericSetAttr(PyObject *o, PyObject *name, PyObject *value)
 
-   Generic attribute setter function that is meant to be put into a type
-   object's ``tp_setattro`` slot.  It looks for a data descriptor in the
+   Generic attribute setter and deleter function that is meant
+   to be put into a type object's :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattro`
+   slot.  It looks for a data descriptor in the
    dictionary of classes in the object's MRO, and if found it takes preference
-   over setting the attribute in the instance dictionary. Otherwise, the
-   attribute is set in the object's :attr:`~object.__dict__` (if present).
-   Otherwise, an :exc:`AttributeError` is raised and ``-1`` is returned.
+   over setting or deleting the attribute in the instance dictionary. Otherwise, the
+   attribute is set or deleted in the object's :attr:`~object.__dict__` (if present).
+   On success, ``0`` is returned, otherwise an :exc:`AttributeError`
+   is raised and ``-1`` is returned.
 
 
 .. c:function:: int PyObject_DelAttr(PyObject *o, PyObject *attr_name)
@@ -378,7 +388,8 @@ Object Protocol
 
 .. c:function:: int PyObject_SetItem(PyObject *o, PyObject *key, PyObject *v)
 
-   Map the object *key* to the value *v*.  Returns ``-1`` on failure.  This is the
+   Map the object *key* to the value *v*.  Raise an exception and
+   return ``-1`` on failure; return ``0`` on success.  This is the
    equivalent of the Python statement ``o[key] = v``.
 
 

Doc/c-api/sequence.rst

@@ -62,10 +62,14 @@ Sequence Protocol
 
 .. c:function:: int PySequence_SetItem(PyObject *o, Py_ssize_t i, PyObject *v)
 
-   Assign object *v* to the *i*\ th element of *o*.  Returns ``-1`` on failure.  This
+   Assign object *v* to the *i*\ th element of *o*.  Raise an exception
+   and return ``-1`` on failure; return ``0`` on success.  This
    is the equivalent of the Python statement ``o[i] = v``.  This function *does
    not* steal a reference to *v*.
 
+   If *v* is *NULL*, the element is deleted, however this feature is
+   deprecated in favour of using :c:func:`PySequence_DelItem`.
+
 
 .. c:function:: int PySequence_DelItem(PyObject *o, Py_ssize_t i)
 

Doc/c-api/typeobj.rst

@@ -208,12 +208,13 @@ type objects) *must* have the :attr:`ob_size` field.
 
 .. c:member:: setattrfunc PyTypeObject.tp_setattr
 
-   An optional pointer to the set-attribute-string function.
+   An optional pointer to the function for setting and deleting attributes.
 
    This field is deprecated.  When it is defined, it should point to a function
    that acts the same as the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattro` function, but taking a C string
    instead of a Python string object to give the attribute name.  The signature is
-   the same as for :c:func:`PyObject_SetAttrString`.
+   the same as for :c:func:`PyObject_SetAttrString`, but setting
+   *v* to *NULL* to delete an attribute must be supported.
 
    This field is inherited by subtypes together with :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattro`: a subtype
    inherits both :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattr` and :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattro` from its base type when
@@ -351,9 +352,10 @@ type objects) *must* have the :attr:`ob_size` field.
 
 .. c:member:: setattrofunc PyTypeObject.tp_setattro
 
-   An optional pointer to the set-attribute function.
+   An optional pointer to the function for setting and deleting attributes.
 
-   The signature is the same as for :c:func:`PyObject_SetAttr`.  It is usually
+   The signature is the same as for :c:func:`PyObject_SetAttr`, but setting
+   *v* to *NULL* to delete an attribute must be supported.  It is usually
    convenient to set this field to :c:func:`PyObject_GenericSetAttr`, which
    implements the normal way of setting object attributes.
 
@@ -724,7 +726,7 @@ type objects) *must* have the :attr:`ob_size` field.
       typedef struct PyGetSetDef {
           char *name;    /* attribute name */
           getter get;    /* C function to get the attribute */
-          setter set;    /* C function to set the attribute */
+          setter set;    /* C function to set or delete the attribute */
           char *doc;     /* optional doc string */
           void *closure; /* optional additional data for getter and setter */
       } PyGetSetDef;
@@ -775,12 +777,14 @@ type objects) *must* have the :attr:`ob_size` field.
 
 .. c:member:: descrsetfunc PyTypeObject.tp_descr_set
 
-   An optional pointer to a "descriptor set" function.
+   An optional pointer to a function for setting and deleting
+   a descriptor's value.
 
    The function signature is ::
 
       int tp_descr_set(PyObject *self, PyObject *obj, PyObject *value);
 
+   The *value* argument is set to *NULL* to delete the value.
    This field is inherited by subtypes.
 
    .. XXX explain.
@@ -1171,9 +1175,11 @@ Mapping Object Structures
 
 .. c:member:: objobjargproc PyMappingMethods.mp_ass_subscript
 
-   This function is used by :c:func:`PyObject_SetItem` and has the same
-   signature.  If this slot is *NULL*, the object does not support item
-   assignment.
+   This function is used by :c:func:`PyObject_SetItem` and
+   :c:func:`PyObject_DelItem`.  It has the same signature as
+   :c:func:`PyObject_SetItem`, but *v* can also be set to *NULL* to delete
+   an item.  If this slot is *NULL*, the object does not support item
+   assignment and deletion.
 
 
 .. _sequence-structs:
@@ -1222,7 +1228,7 @@ Sequence Object Structures
 
    This function is used by :c:func:`PySequence_SetItem` and has the same
    signature.  This slot may be left to *NULL* if the object does not support
-   item assignment.
+   item assignment and deletion.
 
 .. c:member:: objobjproc PySequenceMethods.sq_contains
 

Include/abstract.h

@@ -192,8 +192,8 @@ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx*/
      int PyObject_SetAttrString(PyObject *o, const char *attr_name, PyObject *v);
 
      Set the value of the attribute named attr_name, for object o,
-     to the value, v. Returns -1 on failure.  This is
-     the equivalent of the Python statement: o.attr_name=v.
+     to the value v. Raise an exception and return -1 on failure; return 0 on
+     success.  This is the equivalent of the Python statement o.attr_name=v.
 
        */
 
@@ -202,8 +202,8 @@ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx*/
      int PyObject_SetAttr(PyObject *o, PyObject *attr_name, PyObject *v);
 
      Set the value of the attribute named attr_name, for object o,
-     to the value, v. Returns -1 on failure.  This is
-     the equivalent of the Python statement: o.attr_name=v.
+     to the value v. Raise an exception and return -1 on failure; return 0 on
+     success.  This is the equivalent of the Python statement o.attr_name=v.
 
        */
 
@@ -435,9 +435,9 @@ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx*/
      PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_SetItem(PyObject *o, PyObject *key, PyObject *v);
 
        /*
-     Map the object, key, to the value, v.  Returns
-     -1 on failure.  This is the equivalent of the Python
-     statement: o[key]=v.
+     Map the object key to the value v.  Raise an exception and return -1
+     on failure; return 0 on success.  This is the equivalent of the Python
+     statement o[key]=v.
        */
 
      PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_DelItemString(PyObject *o, const char *key);
@@ -993,9 +993,9 @@ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx*/
      PyAPI_FUNC(int) PySequence_SetItem(PyObject *o, Py_ssize_t i, PyObject *v);
 
        /*
-     Assign object v to the ith element of o.  Returns
-     -1 on failure.  This is the equivalent of the Python
-     statement: o[i]=v.
+     Assign object v to the ith element of o.  Raise an exception and return
+     -1 on failure; return 0 on success.  This is the equivalent of the
+     Python statement o[i]=v.
        */
 
      PyAPI_FUNC(int) PySequence_DelItem(PyObject *o, Py_ssize_t i);