bpo-16500: Use register_at_fork() in the threading module (#1843)

* bpo-16500: Use register_at_fork() in the threading module

* Update comment at top of _after_fork()

Lib/threading.py

 """Thread module emulating a subset of Java's threading model."""
 
+import os as _os
 import sys as _sys
 import _thread
 
@@ -943,6 +944,7 @@ class Thread:
                                     exc_tb.tb_frame.f_code.co_name)), file=self._stderr)
                             exc_tb = exc_tb.tb_next
                         print(("%s: %s" % (exc_type, exc_value)), file=self._stderr)
+                        self._stderr.flush()
                     # Make sure that exc_tb gets deleted since it is a memory
                     # hog; deleting everything else is just for thoroughness
                     finally:
@@ -1319,10 +1321,9 @@ except ImportError:
 
 
 def _after_fork():
-    # This function is called by Python/ceval.c:PyEval_ReInitThreads which
-    # is called from PyOS_AfterFork_Child.  Here we cleanup threading module
-    # state that should not exist after a fork.
-
+    """
+    Cleanup threading module state that should not exist after a fork.
+    """
     # Reset _active_limbo_lock, in case we forked while the lock was held
     # by another (non-forked) thread.  http://bugs.python.org/issue874900
     global _active_limbo_lock, _main_thread
@@ -1356,3 +1357,7 @@ def _after_fork():
         _active.clear()
         _active.update(new_active)
         assert len(_active) == 1
+
+
+if hasattr(_os, "fork"):
+    _os.register_at_fork(_after_fork, when="child")

Python/ceval.c

@@ -240,8 +240,6 @@ PyEval_ReleaseThread(PyThreadState *tstate)
 void
 PyEval_ReInitThreads(void)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(_after_fork);
-    PyObject *threading, *result;
     PyThreadState *current_tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
 
     if (!gil_created())
@@ -251,22 +249,6 @@ PyEval_ReInitThreads(void)
     take_gil(current_tstate);
     main_thread = PyThread_get_thread_ident();
 
-    /* Update the threading module with the new state.
-     */
-    threading = PyMapping_GetItemString(current_tstate->interp->modules,
-                                        "threading");
-    if (threading == NULL) {
-        /* threading not imported */
-        PyErr_Clear();
-        return;
-    }
-    result = _PyObject_CallMethodId(threading, &PyId__after_fork, NULL);
-    if (result == NULL)
-        PyErr_WriteUnraisable(threading);
-    else
-        Py_DECREF(result);
-    Py_DECREF(threading);
-
     /* Destroy all threads except the current one */
     _PyThreadState_DeleteExcept(current_tstate);
 }