Merge doc changes from 3.2 (#10454, #12298)

Doc/documenting/markup.rst

@@ -513,7 +513,10 @@ in a different style:
 
 .. describe:: keyword
 
-   The name of a keyword in Python.
+   The name of a Python keyword.  Using this role will generate a link to the
+   documentation of the keyword.  ``True``, ``False`` and ``None`` do not use
+   this role, but simple code markup (````True````), given that they're
+   fundamental to the language and should be known to any programmer.
 
 .. describe:: mailheader
 

Doc/library/functions.rst

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
 ===================  =================  ==================  ================  ====================
 ..                   ..                 Built-in Functions  ..                ..
 ===================  =================  ==================  ================  ====================
-:func:`abs`          :func:`dict`       :func:`help`        :func:`min`       :func:`setattr`
+:func:`abs`          |func-dict|_       :func:`help`        :func:`min`       :func:`setattr`
 :func:`all`          :func:`dir`        :func:`hex`         :func:`next`      :func:`slice`
 :func:`any`          :func:`divmod`     :func:`id`          :func:`object`    :func:`sorted`
 :func:`ascii`        :func:`enumerate`  :func:`input`       :func:`oct`       :func:`staticmethod`
@@ -19,13 +19,22 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
 :func:`bytearray`    :func:`filter`     :func:`issubclass`  :func:`pow`       :func:`super`
 :func:`bytes`        :func:`float`      :func:`iter`        :func:`print`     :func:`tuple`
 :func:`callable`     :func:`format`     :func:`len`         :func:`property`  :func:`type`
-:func:`chr`          :func:`frozenset`  :func:`list`        :func:`range`     :func:`vars`
+:func:`chr`          |func-frozenset|_  :func:`list`        :func:`range`     :func:`vars`
 :func:`classmethod`  :func:`getattr`    :func:`locals`      :func:`repr`      :func:`zip`
 :func:`compile`      :func:`globals`    :func:`map`         :func:`reversed`  :func:`__import__`
 :func:`complex`      :func:`hasattr`    :func:`max`         :func:`round`
-:func:`delattr`      :func:`hash`       :func:`memoryview`  :func:`set`
+:func:`delattr`      :func:`hash`       |func-memoryview|_  |func-set|_
 ===================  =================  ==================  ================  ====================
 
+.. using :func:`dict` would create a link to another page, so local targets are
+   used, with replacement texts to make the output in the table consistent
+
+.. |func-dict| replace:: ``dict()``
+.. |func-frozenset| replace:: ``frozenset()``
+.. |func-memoryview| replace:: ``memoryview()``
+.. |func-set| replace:: ``set()``
+
+
 .. function:: abs(x)
 
    Return the absolute value of a number.  The argument may be an
@@ -74,11 +83,12 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
 
 .. function:: bool([x])
 
-   Convert a value to a Boolean, using the standard truth testing procedure.  If
-   *x* is false or omitted, this returns :const:`False`; otherwise it returns
-   :const:`True`. :class:`bool` is also a class, which is a subclass of
-   :class:`int`. Class :class:`bool` cannot be subclassed further.  Its only
-   instances are :const:`False` and :const:`True`.
+   Convert a value to a Boolean, using the standard :ref:`truth testing
+   procedure <truth>`.  If *x* is false or omitted, this returns ``False``;
+   otherwise it returns ``True``. :class:`bool` is also a class, which is a
+   subclass of :class:`int` (see :ref:`typesnumeric`).  Class :class:`bool`
+   cannot be subclassed further.  Its only instances are ``False`` and
+   ``True`` (see :ref:`bltin-boolean-values`).
 
    .. index:: pair: Boolean; type
 
@@ -248,6 +258,7 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
    example, ``delattr(x, 'foobar')`` is equivalent to ``del x.foobar``.
 
 
+.. _func-dict:
 .. function:: dict([arg])
    :noindex:
 
@@ -491,6 +502,7 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
 
    The float type is described in :ref:`typesnumeric`.
 
+
 .. function:: format(value[, format_spec])
 
    .. index::
@@ -511,6 +523,8 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
    :exc:`TypeError` exception is raised if the method is not found or if either
    the *format_spec* or the return value are not strings.
 
+
+.. _func-frozenset:
 .. function:: frozenset([iterable])
    :noindex:
 
@@ -717,6 +731,8 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
    such as ``sorted(iterable, key=keyfunc, reverse=True)[0]`` and
    ``heapq.nlargest(1, iterable, key=keyfunc)``.
 
+
+.. _func-memoryview:
 .. function:: memoryview(obj)
    :noindex:
 
@@ -1040,7 +1056,7 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
 
    Range objects implement the :class:`collections.Sequence` ABC, and provide
    features such as containment tests, element index lookup, slicing and
-   support for negative indices:
+   support for negative indices (see :ref:`typesseq`):
 
       >>> r = range(0, 20, 2)
       >>> r
@@ -1108,6 +1124,8 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
       can't be represented exactly as a float.  See :ref:`tut-fp-issues` for
       more information.
 
+
+.. _func-set:
 .. function:: set([iterable])
    :noindex:
 

Doc/library/stdtypes.rst

@@ -2724,6 +2724,8 @@ special operations.  There is exactly one ellipsis object, named
 It is written as ``Ellipsis`` or ``...``.
 
 
+.. _bltin-notimplemented-object:
+
 The NotImplemented Object
 -------------------------
 
@@ -2735,6 +2737,8 @@ information.  There is exactly one ``NotImplemented`` object.
 It is written as ``NotImplemented``.
 
 
+.. _bltin-boolean-values:
+
 Boolean Values
 --------------
 

Doc/library/string.rst

@@ -216,6 +216,8 @@ keyword.  If it's a number, it refers to a positional argument, and if it's a ke
 it refers to a named keyword argument.  If the numerical arg_names in a format string
 are 0, 1, 2, ... in sequence, they can all be omitted (not just some)
 and the numbers 0, 1, 2, ... will be automatically inserted in that order.
+Because *arg_name* is not quote-delimited, it is not possible to specify arbitrary
+dictionary keys (e.g., the strings ``'10'`` or ``':-]'``) within a format string.
 The *arg_name* can be followed by any number of index or
 attribute expressions. An expression of the form ``'.name'`` selects the named
 attribute using :func:`getattr`, while an expression of the form ``'[index]'``

Lib/compileall.py

@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ def compile_path(skip_curdir=1, maxlevels=0, force=False, quiet=False,
 
     Arguments (all optional):
 
-    skip_curdir: if true, skip current directory (default true)
+    skip_curdir: if true, skip current directory (default True)
     maxlevels:   max recursion level (default 0)
     force: as for compile_dir() (default False)
     quiet: as for compile_dir() (default False)
@@ -177,17 +177,17 @@ def main():
                         help='use legacy (pre-PEP3147) compiled file locations')
     parser.add_argument('-d', metavar='DESTDIR',  dest='ddir', default=None,
                         help=('directory to prepend to file paths for use in '
-                              'compile time tracebacks and in runtime '
+                              'compile-time tracebacks and in runtime '
                               'tracebacks in cases where the source file is '
                               'unavailable'))
     parser.add_argument('-x', metavar='REGEXP', dest='rx', default=None,
-                        help=('skip files matching the regular expression. '
-                              'The regexp is searched for in the full path '
-                              'to each file considered for compilation.'))
+                        help=('skip files matching the regular expression; '
+                              'the regexp is searched for in the full path '
+                              'of each file considered for compilation'))
     parser.add_argument('-i', metavar='FILE', dest='flist',
                         help=('add all the files and directories listed in '
-                              'FILE to the list considered for compilation. '
-                              'If "-", names are read from stdin.'))
+                              'FILE to the list considered for compilation; '
+                              'if "-", names are read from stdin'))
     parser.add_argument('compile_dest', metavar='FILE|DIR', nargs='*',
                         help=('zero or more file and directory names '
                               'to compile; if no arguments given, defaults '

Lib/distutils/tests/support.py

@@ -175,10 +175,9 @@ def _get_xxmodule_path():
 def fixup_build_ext(cmd):
     """Function needed to make build_ext tests pass.
 
-    When Python was build with --enable-shared on Unix, -L. is not good
-    enough to find the libpython<blah>.so.  This is because regrtest runs
-    it under a tempdir, not in the top level where the .so lives.  By the
-    time we've gotten here, Python's already been chdir'd to the tempdir.
+    When Python was built with --enable-shared on Unix, -L. is not enough to
+    find libpython<blah>.so, because regrtest runs in a tempdir, not in the
+    source directory where the .so lives.
 
     When Python was built with in debug mode on Windows, build_ext commands
     need their debug attribute set, and it is not done automatically for

Lib/pipes.py

@@ -54,8 +54,6 @@ for the built-in function open() or for os.popen().
 
 To create a new template object initialized to a given one:
    t2 = t.clone()
-
-For an example, see the function test() at the end of the file.
 """                                     # '