closes bpo-32859: Don't retry dup3() if it is not available at runtime (GH-5708)

os.dup2() tests for dup3() system call availability at runtime,
but doesn't remember the result across calls, repeating
the test on each call with inheritable=False.

Since the caller of os.dup2() is expected to hold the GIL,
fix this by making the variable holding the test result static.

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2018-02-19-17-46-31.bpo-32859.kAT-Xp.rst

+In ``os.dup2``, don't check every call whether the ``dup3`` syscall exists
+or not.

Modules/posixmodule.c

@@ -8016,7 +8016,7 @@ os_dup2_impl(PyObject *module, int fd, int fd2, int inheritable)
 #if defined(HAVE_DUP3) && \
     !(defined(HAVE_FCNTL_H) && defined(F_DUP2FD_CLOEXEC))
     /* dup3() is available on Linux 2.6.27+ and glibc 2.9 */
-    int dup3_works = -1;
+    static int dup3_works = -1;
 #endif
 
     if (fd < 0 || fd2 < 0) {