Issue 23729: Document ElementTree namespace handling and fix an omission in...

Issue 23729:  Document ElementTree namespace handling and fix an omission in the XPATH predicate table.

Doc/library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst

@@ -284,6 +284,71 @@ sub-elements for a given element::
    >>> ET.dump(a)
    <a><b /><c><d /></c></a>
 
+Parsing XML with Namespaces
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+If the XML input has `namespaces
+<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_namespace>`__, tags and attributes
+with prefixes in the form ``prefix:sometag`` get expanded to
+``{uri}tag`` where the *prefix* is replaced by the full *URI*.  Also,
+if there is a `default namespace
+<http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-names-20060816/#defaulting>`__,
+that full URI gets prepended to all of the non-prefixed tags.
+
+Here is an XML example that incorporates two namespaces, one with the
+prefix "fictional" and the other serving as the default namespace:
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+    <?xml version="1.0"?>
+    <actors xmlns:fictional="http://characters.example.com"
+            xmlns="http://people.example.com">
+        <actor>
+            <name>John Cleese</name>
+            <fictional:character>Lancelot</fictional:character>
+            <fictional:character>Archie Leach</fictional:character>
+        </actor>
+        <actor>
+            <name>Eric Idle</name>
+            <fictional:character>Sir Robin</fictional:character>
+            <fictional:character>Gunther</fictional:character>
+            <fictional:character>Commander Clement</fictional:character>
+        </actor>
+    </actors>
+
+One way to search and explore this XML example is to manually add the
+URI to every tag or attribute in the xpath of a *find()* or *findall()*::
+
+    root = from_string(xml_text)
+    for actor in root.findall('{http://people.example.com}actor'):
+        name = actor.find('{http://people.example.com}name')
+        print(name.text)
+        for char in actor.findall('{http://characters.example.com}character'):
+            print(' |-->', char.text)
+
+Another way to search the namespaced XML example is to create a
+dictionary with your own prefixes and use those in the search::
+
+    ns = {'real_person': 'http://people.example.com',
+          'role': 'http://characters.example.com'}
+
+    for actor in root.findall('real_person:actor', ns):
+        name = actor.find('real_person:name', ns)
+        print(name.text)
+        for char in actor.findall('role:character', ns):
+            print(' |-->', char.text)
+
+These two approaches both output::
+
+    John Cleese
+     |--> Lancelot
+     |--> Archie Leach
+    Eric Idle
+     |--> Sir Robin
+     |--> Gunther
+     |--> Commander Clement
+
+
 Additional resources
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
@@ -366,6 +431,9 @@ Supported XPath syntax
 | ``[tag]``             | Selects all elements that have a child named         |
 |                       | ``tag``.  Only immediate children are supported.     |
 +-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
+| ``[tag=text]``        | Selects all elements that have a child named         |
+|                       | ``tag`` that includes the given ``text``.            |
++-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
 | ``[position]``        | Selects all elements that are located at the given   |
 |                       | position.  The position can be either an integer     |
 |                       | (1 is the first position), the expression ``last()`` |