Gains a 5:1 speed-up for membership testing by
handling the most common case first (the case
where the element is hashable).

Closes SF Patch 597444.

tiny amount of code duplication, but makes it possible to give BaseSet
an __init__ that raises an exception.

received feedback that was based in the misunderstanding that sets
were sequences.

This patch causes CGIHTTPServer to update os.environ regardless of how
it tries to handle calls (fork, popen*, etc.).

Backport bugfix candidate.

SHIFT and MASK, and widen digit.  One problem is that code of the form

    digit << small_integer

implicitly assumes that the result fits in an int or unsigned int
(platform-dependent, but "int sized" in any case), since digit is
promoted "just" to int or unsigned via the usual integer promotions.
But if digit is typedef'ed as unsigned int, this loses information.
The cure for this is just to cast digit to twodigits first.

These were reported and fixed by Inyeol Lee in SF bug 595350.  The
endswith() bug was already fixed in 2.3, but this adds some more test
cases.

2045, section 5.2 states that if the Content-Type: header is
syntactically invalid, the default type should be text/plain.
Implement minimal sanity checking of the header -- it must have
exactly one slash in it.  This closes SF patch #597593 by Skip, but in
a different way.

Note that these methods used to raise ValueError for invalid ctypes,
but now they won't.

get the MIME main and sub types, instead of getting the whole ctype
and splitting it here.   The two more specific methods now correctly
implement RFC 2045, section 5.2.

signed vs unsigned).

Closes SF bug #597177.

email 2.2 but fails in email 1.0.

(There's a link to PEP218; has PEP218 been updated to match the actual
module implementation?)

   the list is getting awfully long
Mention Karatsuba multiplication and some other items

dict.items/keys/values/iteritems/iterkeys/itervalues().

interning.  I modified Oren's patch significantly, but the basic idea
and most of the implementation is unchanged.  Interned strings created
with PyString_InternInPlace() are now mortal, and you must keep a
reference to the resulting string around; use the new function
PyString_InternImmortal() to create immortal interned strings.

in LOAD_GLOBAL.  Besides saving a C function call, it saves checks
whether f_globals and f_builtins are dicts, and extracting and testing
the string object's hash code is done only once.  We bail out of the
inlining if the name is not exactly a string, or when its hash is -1;
because of interning, neither should ever happen.  I believe interning
guarantees that the hash code is set, and I believe that the 'names'
tuple of a code object always contains interned strings, but I'm not
assuming that -- I'm simply testing hash != -1.

On my home machine, this makes a pystone variant with new-style
classes and slots run at the same speed as classic pystone!  (With
new-style classes but without slots, it is still a lot slower.)

comments everywhere that bugged me: /* Foo is inlined */ instead of
/* Inline Foo */.  Somehow the "is inlined" phrase always confused me
for half a second (thinking, "No it isn't" until I added the missing
"here").  The new phrase is hopefully unambiguous.

to _PyType_Lookup().

Should save 4% on slot lookups.

Move some debugging checks inside Py_DEBUG.

They were causing cache misses according to cachegrind.

This causes a modest speedup.

convert the doc strings to LaTeX, be my guest.)

expensive and overly general PyObject_IsInstance(), call
PyObject_TypeCheck() which is a macro that often avoids a call, and if
it does make a call, calls the much more efficient PyType_IsSubtype().
This saved 6% on a benchmark for slot lookups.

There's really no point in a separate list of thank-you notes.

all operators having a counterpart in the operator module.

Closes SF bug #577513.

popen2() and popen3() created text-mode pipes even when binary mode
was asked for.  This was specific to Windows.