This is the sort of `goto` that requires the reader to stare hard at
the code to unpick what it's doing.

On doing so, the answer is... not very much!

* It jumps from the bottom of the loop to almost the top; the effect
  is to bypass the loop condition `s < end` and also the
  `if`-condition `*s != '\\'`, acting as if both are true.

* We've just decremented `s`, after incrementing it in the `switch`
  condition.  So it has the same value as when `s == end` failed.
  Before that was another increment... and before that we had
  `s < end`.  So `s < end` true, then increment, then `s == end`
  false... that means `s < end` is still true.

* Also this means `s` points to the same character as it did for the
  `switch` condition.  And there was a `case '\\'`, which we didn't
  hit -- so `*s != '\\'` is also true.

* That means this has no effect on the behavior!  The most it might do
  is an optimization -- we get to skip those two checks, because (as
  just proven above) we know they're true.

* But gosh, this is the *invalid escape sequence* path.  This does not
  seem like the kind of code path that calls for extreme optimization
  tricks.

So, take the `goto` and the label out.

Perhaps the compiler will notice the exact same facts we showed above,
and generate identical code.  Or perhaps it won't!  That'll be OK.

But then, crucially, if some future edit to this loop causes the
reasoning above to *stop* holding true... the compiler will adjust
this jump accordingly.  One of us fallible humans might not.

This only happened when initializing the subprocess to run a module.
This recent bug only affected 3.7.4 and 3.8.0b2 to 3.8.0b4.

The "A4" pdfs were previously the wrong size due to a change in the options in Sphinx 1.5.

See also sphinx-doc/sphinx#5235

* bpo-351428: Updates documentation to reflect AsyncMock call_count after await.

* Adds skip and fixes warning.

* Removes extra >>>.

* Adds ... in front of await mock().

The link we have points to the version from Unicode 6.0.0, dated 2010.
There have been numerous updates to it since then:
  https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/#Modifications

Change the link to one that points to the current version. Also, use HTTPS.

Accumulate certificates in a set instead of doing a costly list contain
operation. A Windows cert store can easily contain over hundred
certificates. The old code would result in way over 5,000 comparison
operations
Signed-off-by: Christian Heimes <christian@python.org>

Co-Authored-By: Ammar Askar <ammar_askar@hotmail.com>

bz2.open()'s default mode is rb, not r

Co-Authored-By: David Wilson <dw@botanicus.net>

In debug mode, visit_decref() now calls _PyObject_IsFreed() to ensure
that the object is not freed. If it's freed, the program fails with
an assertion error and Python dumps informations about the freed
object.

Since PEP 393 in Python 3.3, this value is always 0x10ffff, the
maximum codepoint in Unicode; there's no longer such a thing as a
UCS-2 build of Python, which couldn't properly represent some
characters.

There are a couple of spots left where we still condition on the value
of this constant.  Take them out.

* Minor changes.

* Update Doc/faq/library.rst
Co-Authored-By: Kyle Stanley <aeros167@gmail.com>

* Apply suggestions from aeros167.

* Update Doc/faq/library.rst
Co-Authored-By: Kyle Stanley <aeros167@gmail.com>

* Apply suggestions from aeros167 + re-add a "a" that was accidentally deleted.

weakref.WeakValueDictionary defines a local remove() function used as
callback for weak references. This function was created with a
closure.  Modify the implementation to avoid the closure.

The Rot-13 codec is for educational use but does not have unit tests,
dragging down test coverage. This adds a few very simple tests.

Update the docs as patch can now return an AsyncMock if the patched
object is an async function.

This is the converse of GH-15353 -- in addition to plenty of
scripts in the tree that are marked with the executable bit
(and so can be directly executed), there are a few that have
a leading `#!` which could let them be executed, but it doesn't
do anything because they don't have the executable bit set.

Here's a command which finds such files and marks them.  The
first line finds files in the tree with a `#!` line *anywhere*;
the next-to-last step checks that the *first* line is actually of
that form.  In between we filter out files that already have the
bit set, and some files that are meant as fragments to be
consumed by one or another kind of preprocessor.

    $ git grep -l '^#!' \
      | grep -vxFf <( \
          git ls-files --stage \
          | perl -lane 'print $F[3] if (!/^100644/)' \
        ) \
      | grep -ve '\.in$' -e '^Doc/includes/' \
      | while read f; do
          head -c2 "$f" | grep -qxF '#!' \
          && chmod a+x "$f"; \
        done

Constants added by the site module like exit() "should not be used in programs"

* Update documentation for plistlib

-  Update "Mac OS X" to "Apple" since plists are used more widely than just macOS
-  Re-add the UID class documentation (oops, removed in GH-15615)

* bpo-34596: Fallback to a default reason when @unittest.skip is uncalled

* Change default reason to empty string

* Fix rst formatting of NEWS entry

* bpo-26185: Fix repr() on empty ZipInfo object

It was failing on AttributeError due to inexistant
but required attributes file_size and compress_size.
They are now initialized to 0 in ZipInfo.__init__().

* Remove useless hasattr() in ZipInfo._open_to_write()

* Completely remove file_size setting in _open_to_write().

ssl_collect_certificates function in _ssl.c has a memory leak.
Calling CertOpenStore() and CertAddStoreToCollection(), a store's refcnt gets incremented by 2.
But CertCloseStore() is called only once and the refcnt leaves 1.

The missing dependencies prevented incremental builds from working when you touched any
of these files. Based on GH-14758 by @vemakereporter.