Before, the type function was called twice in the case where the default
was specified and the argument was given as well.  This was especially
problematic for the FileType type, as a default file would always be
opened, even if a file argument was specified on the command line.

Patch by Arnaud Fontaine, with additional test by Mike Meyer.

Patch by Mike Hoy.

Fix issue 13370: Ensure that ctypes works on Mac OS X when Python is compiled using the clang compiler

Patch by Chris Rebert.

Closes #9374: add back now-unused module attributes; removing them is a backward compatibility issue, since they have a public-seeming name.

Fix by Colin Su.  Test by me, based on a test written by Petri Lehtinen.

It was exposed by 03c98d05b140 and dbbf3ccf72e8.

(Patch by Ronald Oussoren)

This is due to an off-by-one error: the allocated buffer didn't have room for a NUL
character at the end of the mbstowcs result.

This is necessary for ZFS systems, which don't support UF_IMMUTABLE.

Patch by Ethan Furman.

Suggestion and patch by Mike Hoy.

Patch by Robin Schreiber.

Found by Coverity.

Patch by Francisco Martín Brugué.

for certain locales (utf-16 and utf-32 family).

Patch by Chris Jerdonek.

Patch by Kushal Das.