Add importlib.metadata module as forward port of the standalone importlib_metadata.

catch_unraisable_exception() now also removes its 'unraisable'
attribute at the context manager exit.

Add also missing AC_MSG_RESULT for AC_MSG_CHECKING(MACHDEP).

It is also possible to link against a library or executable with a
statically linked libpython, but not both with the same DLL.  In fact
building a statically linked python is currently broken on Cygwin
for other (related) reasons.

The same problem applies to other POSIX-like layers over Windows
(MinGW, MSYS) but Python's build system does not seem to attempt
to support those platforms at the moment.

* Fix a possible reference leak in _PyErr_Print() if exception
  is NULL.
* PyErr_BadInternalCall(): replace PyErr_Format() with _PyErr_SetString().
* Add pycore_pyerrors.h header file.
* New functions:

  * _PyErr_Clear()
  * _PyErr_Fetch()
  * _PyErr_Print()
  * _PyErr_Restore()
  * _PyErr_SetObject()
  * _PyErr_SetString()

* Add 'tstate' parameter to _PyEval_AddPendingCall().

PyOS_AfterFork_Child(): _PyInterpreterState_DeleteExceptMain() must
be called after _PyRuntimeState_ReInitThreads().

_PyRuntimeState_ReInitThreads() resets interpreters mutex after fork,
mutex used by _PyInterpreterState_DeleteExceptMain().

Add 'PyThreadState *tstate' parameter to errors.c functions to avoid
relying on global variables (indirectly on _PyRuntime).

Remove main_thread and main_interp variables from signalmodule.c:
reuse _PyRuntime which already track the main thread and the main
interpreter.

* Remove #include <sys/types.h> which became useless: getpid() call
  has been removed.
* Add runtime argument to is_main()
* is_main() now gets the interpreter from runtime.

Previously, it was hard to tell whether a function should be awaited. It was also incorrect (per PEP 484) to put this in the type hint for coroutine functions. Added this info to the output of builtins.help and pydoc.


https://bugs.python.org/issue36045

bpo-34626: Document creating heap types from the C-API

Add missing descriptions of PEP384's PyType_Spec and PyType_Slot,
along with some introductory prose.

``_thread.interrupt_main()`` now avoids setting the Python error status if the ``SIGINT`` signal is ignored or not handled by Python.

Adds sys.audit, sys.addaudithook, io.open_code, and associated C APIs.

I've reported the issue on https://bugs.python.org/issue37008 and now I'm trying to bring a solution to this minor issue.

I think it could be trivially backported to 3.7 branch.


https://bugs.python.org/issue37008

* _PyPreConfig_InitCompatConfig() sets utf8_mode to 0.
* Change Py_UTF8Mode default value to 0.
* Fix _PyPreConfig_Copy(): copy also _config_init attrbibute.
* _PyPreConfig_AsDict() exports _config_init
* Fix _PyPreConfig_GetGlobalConfig(): use Py_UTF8Mode if it's greater
  than 0, even if utf8_mode >= 0.
* Add unit tests on environment variables using Python API.

In development (-X dev) mode and in a debug build, IOBase finalizer
of the _pyio module now logs the exception if the close() method
fails. The exception is ignored silently by default in release build.

test_io: test_error_through_destructor() now uses
support.catch_unraisable_exception() rather than capturing stderr.

To embed Python into an application, a new --embed option must be
passed to "python3-config --libs --embed" to get "-lpython3.8" (link
the application to libpython). To support both 3.8 and older, try
"python3-config --libs --embed" first and fallback to "python3-config
--libs" (without --embed) if the previous command fails.

Add a pkg-config "python-3.8-embed" module to embed Python into an
application: "pkg-config python-3.8-embed --libs" includes
"-lpython3.8".  To support both 3.8 and older, try "pkg-config
python-X.Y-embed --libs" first and fallback to "pkg-config python-X.Y
--libs" (without --embed) if the previous command fails (replace
"X.Y" with the Python version).

On the other hand, "pkg-config python3.8 --libs" no longer contains
"-lpython3.8". C extensions must not be linked to libpython (except
on Android, case handled by the script); this change is backward
incompatible on purpose.

"make install" now also installs "python-3.8-embed.pc".

…nctions with asserts

The actual overflow can never happen because of the following:
* The size of a list can't be greater than PY_SSIZE_T_MAX / sizeof(PyObject*).
* The size of a pointer on all supported plaftorms is at least 4 bytes.
* ofs is positive and less than the list size at the beginning of each iteration.





https://bugs.python.org/issue35091

PyErr_WriteUnraisable() now creates a traceback object if there is no
current traceback. Moreover, call PyErr_NormalizeException() and
PyException_SetTraceback() to normalize the exception value. Ignore
silently any error.

* Rename private C functions:

  * _Py_Initialize_ReconfigureCore => pyinit_core_reconfigure
  * _Py_InitializeCore_impl => pyinit_core_config
  * _Py_InitializeCore = > pyinit_core
  * _Py_InitializeMainInterpreter => pyinit_main
  * init_python => pyinit_python

* Rename _testembed.c commands: add "test_" prefix.

* _PyPreConfig_GetGlobalConfig() and  _PyCoreConfig_GetGlobalConfig()
  now do nothing if the configuration was not initialized with
  _PyPreConfig_InitCompatConfig() and _PyCoreConfig_InitCompatConfig()
* Remove utf8_mode=-2 special case: use utf8_mode=-1 instead.
* Fix _PyPreConfig_InitPythonConfig():

  * isolated = 0 instead of -1
  * use_environment = 1 instead of -1

* Rename _PyConfig_INIT to  _PyConfig_INIT_COMPAT
* Rename _PyPreConfig_Init() to _PyPreConfig_InitCompatConfig()
* Rename _PyCoreConfig_Init() to _PyCoreConfig_InitCompatConfig()
* PyInterpreterState_New() now uses _PyCoreConfig_InitPythonConfig()
  as default configuration, but it's very quickly overriden anyway.
* _freeze_importlib.c uses _PyCoreConfig_SetString() to set
  program_name.
* Cleanup preconfig_init_utf8_mode(): cmdline is always non-NULL.