Add various declarations for the CPython C API

Cython/Includes/cpython/descr.pxd

+from .object cimport PyObject, PyTypeObject
+
+cdef extern from "Python.h":
+    ctypedef object (*wrapperfunc)(self, args, void* wrapped)
+    ctypedef object (*wrapperfunc_kwds)(self, args, void* wrapped, kwds)
+
+    struct wrapperbase:
+        char* name
+        int offset
+        void* function
+        wrapperfunc wrapper
+        char* doc
+        int flags
+        PyObject* name_strobj
+
+    int PyWrapperFlag_KEYWORDS
+
+    ctypedef class __builtin__.wrapper_descriptor [object PyWrapperDescrObject]:
+        cdef type d_type
+        cdef d_name
+        cdef wrapperbase* d_base
+        cdef void* d_wrapped
+
+    PyDescr_NewWrapper(PyTypeObject* cls, wrapperbase* wrapper, void* wrapped)
+
+    int PyDescr_IsData(descr)

Cython/Includes/cpython/dict.pxd

 from .object cimport PyObject
+from .pyport cimport uint64_t
 
 cdef extern from "Python.h":
+    # On Python 2, PyDict_GetItemWithError is called _PyDict_GetItemWithError
+    """
+    #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION <= 2
+    #define PyDict_GetItemWithError _PyDict_GetItemWithError
+    #endif
+    """
 
     ############################################################################
     # 7.4.1 Dictionary Objects
@@ -72,11 +79,25 @@ cdef extern from "Python.h":
     # NULL if the key key is not present, but without setting an
     # exception.
 
+    PyObject* PyDict_GetItemWithError(object p, object key) except? NULL
+    # Return value: Borrowed reference.
+    # Variant of PyDict_GetItem() that does not suppress exceptions. Return
+    # NULL with an exception set if an exception occurred. Return NULL
+    # without an exception set if the key wasn’t present.
+
     PyObject* PyDict_GetItemString(object p, const char *key)
     # Return value: Borrowed reference.
     # This is the same as PyDict_GetItem(), but key is specified as a
     # char*, rather than a PyObject*.
 
+    PyObject* PyDict_SetDefault(object p, object key, object default) except NULL
+    # Return value: Borrowed reference.
+    # This is the same as the Python-level dict.setdefault(). If present, it
+    # returns the value corresponding to key from the dictionary p. If the key
+    # is not in the dict, it is inserted with value defaultobj and defaultobj
+    # is returned. This function evaluates the hash function of key only once,
+    # instead of evaluating it independently for the lookup and the insertion.
+
     list PyDict_Items(object p)
     # Return value: New reference.
     # Return a PyListObject containing all the items from the

Cython/Includes/cpython/module.pxd

@@ -145,6 +145,12 @@ cdef extern from "Python.h":
     bint PyModule_CheckExact(object p)
     # Return true if p is a module object, but not a subtype of PyModule_Type.
 
+    object PyModule_NewObject(object name)
+    # Return a new module object with the __name__ attribute set to name.
+    # The module’s __name__, __doc__, __package__, and __loader__
+    # attributes are filled in (all but __name__ are set to None); the caller
+    # is responsible for providing a __file__ attribute.
+
     object PyModule_New(const char *name)
     # Return value: New reference.
     # Return a new module object with the __name__ attribute set to
@@ -160,15 +166,28 @@ cdef extern from "Python.h":
     # use other PyModule_*() and PyObject_*() functions rather than
     # directly manipulate a module's __dict__.
 
+    object PyModule_GetNameObject(object module)
+    # Return module’s __name__ value. If the module does not provide one, or if
+    # it is not a string, SystemError is raised and NULL is returned.
+
     char* PyModule_GetName(object module) except NULL
-    # Return module's __name__ value. If the module does not provide
-    # one, or if it is not a string, SystemError is raised and NULL is
-    # returned.
+    # Similar to PyModule_GetNameObject() but return the name encoded
+    # to 'utf-8'.
+
+    void* PyModule_GetState(object module)
+    # Return the “state” of the module, that is, a pointer to the block of
+    # memory allocated at module creation time, or NULL.
+    # See PyModuleDef.m_size.
+
+    object PyModule_GetFilenameObject(object module)
+    # Return the name of the file from which module was loaded using module’s
+    # __file__ attribute. If this is not defined, or if it is not a unicode
+    # string, raise SystemError and return NULL; otherwise return a reference
+    # to a Unicode object.
 
     char* PyModule_GetFilename(object module) except NULL
-    # Return the name of the file from which module was loaded using
-    # module's __file__ attribute. If this is not defined, or if it is
-    # not a string, raise SystemError and return NULL.
+    # Similar to PyModule_GetFilenameObject() but return the filename encoded
+    # to ‘utf-8’.
 
     int PyModule_AddObject(object module,  const char *name, object value) except -1
     # Add an object to module as name. This is a convenience function

Cython/Includes/cpython/object.pxd

@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@ cdef extern from "Python.h":
 
         newfunc tp_new
         destructor tp_dealloc
+        destructor tp_del
+        destructor tp_finalize
         traverseproc tp_traverse
         inquiry tp_clear
         freefunc tp_free
@@ -63,6 +65,8 @@ cdef extern from "Python.h":
         descrgetfunc tp_descr_get
         descrsetfunc tp_descr_set
 
+        unsigned int tp_version_tag
+
     ctypedef struct PyObject:
         Py_ssize_t ob_refcnt
         PyTypeObject *ob_type
@@ -397,3 +401,4 @@ cdef extern from "Python.h":
     long Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT_EXTERNAL
     long Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT_CORE
     long Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT
+    long Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE

Cython/Includes/cpython/pyport.pxd

+cdef extern from "Python.h":
+    ctypedef int int32_t
+    ctypedef int int64_t
+    ctypedef unsigned int uint32_t
+    ctypedef unsigned int uint64_t
+
+    const Py_ssize_t PY_SSIZE_T_MIN
+    const Py_ssize_t PY_SSIZE_T_MAX

Cython/Includes/cpython/type.pxd

@@ -23,6 +23,11 @@ cdef extern from "Python.h":
     # of the standard type object. Return false in all other
     # cases.
 
+    void PyType_Modified(type type)
+    # Invalidate the internal lookup cache for the type and all of its
+    # subtypes. This function must be called after any manual modification
+    # of the attributes or base classes of the type.
+
     bint PyType_HasFeature(object o, int feature)
     # Return true if the type object o sets the feature feature. Type
     # features are denoted by single bit flags.