Compile the monitor greenlet tracer with Cython.

This makes things 54% faster. In fact, the monitor tracer is now faster than a trivial tracer implemented in python (settrace(lambda e, a: None)).

+-------------------+-----------------+-----------------------------+
| Benchmark         | 37_bench_tracer | 37_bench_tracer_cython_opt3 |
+===================+=================+=============================+
| monitor tracer    | 1.62 us         | 739 ns: 2.20x faster (-54%) |
+-------------------+-----------------+-----------------------------+
| max switch tracer | 3.06 us         | 874 ns: 3.50x faster (-71%) |
+-------------------+-----------------+-----------------------------+
| hub switch tracer | 2.16 us         | 815 ns: 2.66x faster (-62%) |
+-------------------+-----------------+-----------------------------+

Not significant (2): no tracer; trivial tracer

benchmarks/bench_tracer.py

@@ -18,12 +18,12 @@ from gevent import _tracer as monitor
 N = 1000
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
-def tracer(func):
-    greenlet.settrace(func)
+def tracer(cls, *args):
+    inst = cls(*args)
     try:
         yield
     finally:
-        greenlet.settrace(None)
+        inst.kill()
 
 def _run(loops):
 
@@ -58,25 +58,28 @@ def bench_trivial_tracer(loops):
     def trivial(_event, _args):
         return
 
-    with tracer(trivial):
+    greenlet.settrace(trivial)
+    try:
         return _run(loops)
+    finally:
+        greenlet.settrace(None)
 
 
 def bench_monitor_tracer(loops):
-    with tracer(monitor.GreenletTracer()):
+    with tracer(monitor.GreenletTracer):
         return _run(loops)
 
 
 def bench_hub_switch_tracer(loops):
     # use current as the hub, since tracer fires
     # when we switch into that greenlet
-    with tracer(monitor.HubSwitchTracer(gevent.getcurrent(), 1)):
+    with tracer(monitor.HubSwitchTracer, gevent.getcurrent(), 1):
         return _run(loops)
 
 def bench_max_switch_tracer(loops):
     # use object() as the hub, since tracer fires
     # when switch into something that's *not* the hub
-    with tracer(monitor.MaxSwitchTracer(object, 1)):
+    with tracer(monitor.MaxSwitchTracer, object, 1):
         return _run(loops)
 
 def main():

src/gevent/__tracer.pxd

+cimport cython
+
+cdef sys
+cdef traceback
+
+cdef settrace
+cdef getcurrent
+
+cdef format_run_info
+
+cdef perf_counter
+cdef gmctime
+
+
+cdef class GreenletTracer:
+    cpdef readonly object active_greenlet
+    cpdef readonly object previous_trace_function
+    cpdef readonly Py_ssize_t greenlet_switch_counter
+
+    cdef bint _killed
+
+    cpdef _trace(self, str event, tuple args)
+
+    @cython.locals(did_switch=bint)
+    cpdef did_block_hub(self, hub)
+
+    cpdef kill(self)
+
+@cython.internal
+cdef class _HubTracer(GreenletTracer):
+    cpdef readonly object hub
+    cpdef readonly double max_blocking_time
+
+
+cdef class HubSwitchTracer(_HubTracer):
+    cpdef readonly double last_entered_hub
+
+cdef class MaxSwitchTracer(_HubTracer):
+    cpdef readonly double max_blocking
+    cpdef readonly double last_switch
+
+    @cython.locals(switched_at=double)
+    cpdef _trace(self, str event, tuple args)

src/gevent/_tracer.py

 # Copyright (c) 2018 gevent. See LICENSE for details.
+# cython: auto_pickle=False,embedsignature=True,always_allow_keywords=False
 from __future__ import print_function, absolute_import, division
 
 import sys
@@ -19,33 +20,40 @@ __all__ = [
     'MaxSwitchTracer',
 ]
 
+# Recall these classes are cython compiled, so
+# class variable declarations are bad.
 
-class GreenletTracer(object):
 
-    # A counter, incremented by the greenlet trace function
-    # we install on every greenlet switch. This is reset when the
-    # periodic monitoring thread runs.
-    greenlet_switch_counter = 0
+class GreenletTracer(object):
+    def __init__(self):
+        # A counter, incremented by the greenlet trace function
+        # we install on every greenlet switch. This is reset when the
+        # periodic monitoring thread runs.
 
-    # The greenlet last switched to.
-    active_greenlet = None
+        self.greenlet_switch_counter = 0
 
-    # The trace function that was previously installed,
-    # if any.
-    previous_trace_function = None
+        # The greenlet last switched to.
+        self.active_greenlet = None
 
-    def __init__(self):
+        # The trace function that was previously installed,
+        # if any.
+        # NOTE: Calling a class instance is cheaper than
+        # calling a bound method (at least when compiled with cython)
+        # even when it redirects to another function.
         prev_trace = settrace(self)
+
         self.previous_trace_function = prev_trace
 
-    def kill(self): #  pylint:disable=method-hidden
+        self._killed = False
+
+    def kill(self):
         # Must be called in the monitored thread.
-        settrace(self.previous_trace_function)
-        self.previous_trace_function = None
-        # Become a no-op
-        self.kill = lambda: None
+        if not self._killed:
+            self._killed = True
+            settrace(self.previous_trace_function)
+            self.previous_trace_function = None
 
-    def __call__(self, event, args):
+    def _trace(self, event, args):
         # This function runs in the thread we are monitoring.
         self.greenlet_switch_counter += 1
         if event in ('switch', 'throw'):
@@ -57,6 +65,9 @@ class GreenletTracer(object):
         if self.previous_trace_function is not None:
             self.previous_trace_function(event, args)
 
+    def __call__(self, event, args):
+        return self._trace(event, args)
+
     def did_block_hub(self, hub):
         # Check to see if we have blocked since the last call to this
         # method. Returns a true value if we blocked (not in the hub),
@@ -107,13 +118,14 @@ class GreenletTracer(object):
 
         return report
 
+
 class _HubTracer(GreenletTracer):
     def __init__(self, hub, max_blocking_time):
         GreenletTracer.__init__(self)
         self.max_blocking_time = max_blocking_time
         self.hub = hub
 
-    def kill(self): # pylint:disable=method-hidden
+    def kill(self):
         self.hub = None
         GreenletTracer.kill(self)
 
@@ -121,10 +133,12 @@ class _HubTracer(GreenletTracer):
 class HubSwitchTracer(_HubTracer):
     # A greenlet tracer that records the last time we switched *into* the hub.
 
-    last_entered_hub = 0
+    def __init__(self, hub, max_blocking_time):
+        _HubTracer.__init__(self, hub, max_blocking_time)
+        self.last_entered_hub = 0
 
-    def __call__(self, event, args):
-        GreenletTracer.__call__(self, event, args)
+    def _trace(self, event, args):
+        GreenletTracer._trace(self, event, args)
         if self.active_greenlet is self.hub:
             self.last_entered_hub = perf_counter()
 
@@ -137,15 +151,14 @@ class MaxSwitchTracer(_HubTracer):
     # A greenlet tracer that records the maximum time between switches,
     # not including time spent in the hub.
 
-    max_blocking = 0
-
     def __init__(self, hub, max_blocking_time):
         _HubTracer.__init__(self, hub, max_blocking_time)
         self.last_switch = perf_counter()
+        self.max_blocking = 0
 
-    def __call__(self, event, args):
+    def _trace(self, event, args):
         old_active = self.active_greenlet
-        GreenletTracer.__call__(self, event, args)
+        GreenletTracer._trace(self, event, args)
         if old_active is not self.hub and old_active is not None:
             # If we're switching out of the hub, the blocking
             # time doesn't count.

src/greentest/test___monitor.py

@@ -217,9 +217,9 @@ class TestPeriodicMonitorBlocking(_AbstractTestPeriodicMonitoringThread,
         self.assertEqual(gettrace(), self.pmt._greenlet_tracer)
         self.assertIs(self.pmt._greenlet_tracer.previous_trace_function, f)
 
-        self.pmt._greenlet_tracer('event', 'args')
+        self.pmt._greenlet_tracer('event', ('args',))
 
-        self.assertEqual([('event', 'args')], called)
+        self.assertEqual([('event', ('args',))], called)
 
     def test__greenlet_tracer(self):
         self.assertEqual(0, self.pmt._greenlet_tracer.greenlet_switch_counter)
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ class TestPeriodicMonitorBlocking(_AbstractTestPeriodicMonitoringThread,
         self.assertIs(target, self.pmt._greenlet_tracer.active_greenlet)
 
         # Unknown event removes active greenlet
-        self.pmt._greenlet_tracer('unknown', self)
+        self.pmt._greenlet_tracer('unknown', ())
         self.assertEqual(3, self.pmt._greenlet_tracer.greenlet_switch_counter)
         self.assertIsNone(self.pmt._greenlet_tracer.active_greenlet)