In CL 173938, the linker's object file reader was switched over to
selectively create strings backed with read-only mmap'd memory.
In the process a call to r.rd.Offset() was added to readSymName(),
which greatly increased the number of system calls (Offset does a
seek system call).

This patch changes the object file reader so that all reads are done
directly from the mmap'd data if it is present, and adds logic to keep
track of the offset within the rodata consumed so far. Doing this gets
rid of the calls to r.rd.Offset() and the corresponding seek system
calls.

Also as part of this change, hoist the calls to objabi.PathToPrefix
up into the initial setup code for object reading, and store the
result in the reader (since objabi.PathToPrefix was also coming up
as hot in the profile).

Numbers for this change from compilebench:

benchmark                 old ns/op       new ns/op       delta
BenchmarkTemplate         172053975       170357597       -0.99%
BenchmarkUnicode          64564850        64333653        -0.36%
BenchmarkGoTypes          627931042       628043673       +0.02%
BenchmarkCompiler         2982468893      2924575043      -1.94%
BenchmarkSSA              9701681721      9799342557      +1.01%
BenchmarkFlate            106847240       107509414       +0.62%
BenchmarkGoParser         132082319       130734905       -1.02%
BenchmarkReflect          386810586       383036621       -0.98%
BenchmarkTar              154360072       152670594       -1.09%
BenchmarkXML              217725693       216858727       -0.40%
BenchmarkLinkCompiler     908813802       734363234       -19.20%
BenchmarkStdCmd           32378532486     31222542974     -3.57%

Fixes #31898.

Change-Id: Ibf253a52ce9213325f42b1c2b20d0410f5c88c3b
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/176039Reviewed-by: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>