• David Crawshaw's avatar
    cmd/link: prune unused methods · 862b9ddd
    David Crawshaw authored
    Today the linker keeps all methods of reachable types. This is
    necessary if a program uses reflect.Value.Call. But while use of
    reflection is widespread in Go for encoders and decoders, using
    it to call a method is rare.
    
    This CL looks for the use of reflect.Value.Call in a program, and
    if it is absent, adopts a (reasonably conservative) method pruning
    strategy as part of dead code elimination. Any method that is
    directly called is kept, and any method that matches a used
    interface's method signature is kept.
    
    Whether or not a method body is kept is determined by the relocation
    from its receiver's *rtype to its *rtype. A small change in the
    compiler marks these relocations as R_METHOD so they can be easily
    collected and manipulated by the linker.
    
    As a bonus, this technique removes the text segment of methods that
    have been inlined. Looking at the output of building cmd/objdump with
    -ldflags=-v=2 shows that inlined methods like
    runtime.(*traceAllocBlockPtr).ptr are removed from the program.
    
    Relatively little work is necessary to do this. Linking two
    examples, jujud and cmd/objdump show no more than +2% link time.
    
    Binaries that do not use reflect.Call.Value drop 4 - 20% in size:
    
    	addr2line: -793KB (18%)
    	asm:       -346KB (8%)
    	cgo:       -490KB (10%)
    	compile:   -564KB (4%)
    	dist:      -736KB (17%)
    	fix:       -404KB (12%)
    	link:      -328KB (7%)
    	nm:        -827KB (19%)
    	objdump:   -712KB (16%)
    	pack:      -327KB (14%)
    	yacc:      -350KB (10%)
    
    Binaries that do use reflect.Call.Value see a modest size decrease
    of 2 - 6% thanks to pruning of unexported methods:
    
    	api:    -151KB (3%)
    	cover:  -222KB (4%)
    	doc:    -106KB (2.5%)
    	pprof:  -314KB (3%)
    	trace:  -357KB (4%)
    	vet:    -187KB (2.7%)
    	jujud:  -4.4MB (5.8%)
    	cmd/go: -384KB (3.4%)
    
    The trivial Hello example program goes from 2MB to 1.68MB:
    
    	package main
    
    	import "fmt"
    
    	func main() {
    		fmt.Println("Hello, 世界")
    	}
    
    Method pruning also helps when building small binaries with
    "-ldflags=-s -w". The above program goes from 1.43MB to 1.2MB.
    
    Unfortunately the linker can only tell if reflect.Value.Call has been
    statically linked, not if it is dynamically used. And while use is
    rare, it is linked into a very common standard library package,
    text/template. The result is programs like cmd/go, which don't use
    reflect.Value.Call, see limited benefit from this CL. If binary size
    is important enough it may be possible to address this in future work.
    
    For #6853.
    
    Change-Id: Iabe90e210e813b08c3f8fd605f841f0458973396
    Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/20483Reviewed-by: default avatarRuss Cox <rsc@golang.org>
    862b9ddd
link.go 20.6 KB
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734
// Derived from Inferno utils/6l/l.h and related files.
// http://code.google.com/p/inferno-os/source/browse/utils/6l/l.h
//
//	Copyright © 1994-1999 Lucent Technologies Inc.  All rights reserved.
//	Portions Copyright © 1995-1997 C H Forsyth (forsyth@terzarima.net)
//	Portions Copyright © 1997-1999 Vita Nuova Limited
//	Portions Copyright © 2000-2007 Vita Nuova Holdings Limited (www.vitanuova.com)
//	Portions Copyright © 2004,2006 Bruce Ellis
//	Portions Copyright © 2005-2007 C H Forsyth (forsyth@terzarima.net)
//	Revisions Copyright © 2000-2007 Lucent Technologies Inc. and others
//	Portions Copyright © 2009 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
// THE SOFTWARE.

package obj

import "encoding/binary"

// An Addr is an argument to an instruction.
// The general forms and their encodings are:
//
//	sym±offset(symkind)(reg)(index*scale)
//		Memory reference at address &sym(symkind) + offset + reg + index*scale.
//		Any of sym(symkind), ±offset, (reg), (index*scale), and *scale can be omitted.
//		If (reg) and *scale are both omitted, the resulting expression (index) is parsed as (reg).
//		To force a parsing as index*scale, write (index*1).
//		Encoding:
//			type = TYPE_MEM
//			name = symkind (NAME_AUTO, ...) or 0 (NAME_NONE)
//			sym = sym
//			offset = ±offset
//			reg = reg (REG_*)
//			index = index (REG_*)
//			scale = scale (1, 2, 4, 8)
//
//	$<mem>
//		Effective address of memory reference <mem>, defined above.
//		Encoding: same as memory reference, but type = TYPE_ADDR.
//
//	$<±integer value>
//		This is a special case of $<mem>, in which only ±offset is present.
//		It has a separate type for easy recognition.
//		Encoding:
//			type = TYPE_CONST
//			offset = ±integer value
//
//	*<mem>
//		Indirect reference through memory reference <mem>, defined above.
//		Only used on x86 for CALL/JMP *sym(SB), which calls/jumps to a function
//		pointer stored in the data word sym(SB), not a function named sym(SB).
//		Encoding: same as above, but type = TYPE_INDIR.
//
//	$*$<mem>
//		No longer used.
//		On machines with actual SB registers, $*$<mem> forced the
//		instruction encoding to use a full 32-bit constant, never a
//		reference relative to SB.
//
//	$<floating point literal>
//		Floating point constant value.
//		Encoding:
//			type = TYPE_FCONST
//			val = floating point value
//
//	$<string literal, up to 8 chars>
//		String literal value (raw bytes used for DATA instruction).
//		Encoding:
//			type = TYPE_SCONST
//			val = string
//
//	<register name>
//		Any register: integer, floating point, control, segment, and so on.
//		If looking for specific register kind, must check type and reg value range.
//		Encoding:
//			type = TYPE_REG
//			reg = reg (REG_*)
//
//	x(PC)
//		Encoding:
//			type = TYPE_BRANCH
//			val = Prog* reference OR ELSE offset = target pc (branch takes priority)
//
//	$±x-±y
//		Final argument to TEXT, specifying local frame size x and argument size y.
//		In this form, x and y are integer literals only, not arbitrary expressions.
//		This avoids parsing ambiguities due to the use of - as a separator.
//		The ± are optional.
//		If the final argument to TEXT omits the -±y, the encoding should still
//		use TYPE_TEXTSIZE (not TYPE_CONST), with u.argsize = ArgsSizeUnknown.
//		Encoding:
//			type = TYPE_TEXTSIZE
//			offset = x
//			val = int32(y)
//
//	reg<<shift, reg>>shift, reg->shift, reg@>shift
//		Shifted register value, for ARM.
//		In this form, reg must be a register and shift can be a register or an integer constant.
//		Encoding:
//			type = TYPE_SHIFT
//			offset = (reg&15) | shifttype<<5 | count
//			shifttype = 0, 1, 2, 3 for <<, >>, ->, @>
//			count = (reg&15)<<8 | 1<<4 for a register shift count, (n&31)<<7 for an integer constant.
//
//	(reg, reg)
//		A destination register pair. When used as the last argument of an instruction,
//		this form makes clear that both registers are destinations.
//		Encoding:
//			type = TYPE_REGREG
//			reg = first register
//			offset = second register
//
//	[reg, reg, reg-reg]
//		Register list for ARM.
//		Encoding:
//			type = TYPE_REGLIST
//			offset = bit mask of registers in list; R0 is low bit.
//
//	reg, reg
//		Register pair for ARM.
//		TYPE_REGREG2
//
//	(reg+reg)
//		Register pair for PPC64.
//		Encoding:
//			type = TYPE_MEM
//			reg = first register
//			index = second register
//			scale = 1
//
type Addr struct {
	Reg    int16
	Index  int16
	Scale  int16 // Sometimes holds a register.
	Type   AddrType
	Name   int8
	Class  int8
	Etype  uint8
	Offset int64
	Width  int64
	Sym    *LSym
	Gotype *LSym

	// argument value:
	//	for TYPE_SCONST, a string
	//	for TYPE_FCONST, a float64
	//	for TYPE_BRANCH, a *Prog (optional)
	//	for TYPE_TEXTSIZE, an int32 (optional)
	Val interface{}

	Node interface{} // for use by compiler
}

type AddrType uint8

const (
	NAME_NONE = 0 + iota
	NAME_EXTERN
	NAME_STATIC
	NAME_AUTO
	NAME_PARAM
	// A reference to name@GOT(SB) is a reference to the entry in the global offset
	// table for 'name'.
	NAME_GOTREF
)

const (
	TYPE_NONE AddrType = 0

	TYPE_BRANCH AddrType = 5 + iota
	TYPE_TEXTSIZE
	TYPE_MEM
	TYPE_CONST
	TYPE_FCONST
	TYPE_SCONST
	TYPE_REG
	TYPE_ADDR
	TYPE_SHIFT
	TYPE_REGREG
	TYPE_REGREG2
	TYPE_INDIR
	TYPE_REGLIST
)

// TODO(rsc): Describe prog.
// TODO(rsc): Describe TEXT/GLOBL flag in from3, DATA width in from3.
type Prog struct {
	Ctxt   *Link
	Link   *Prog
	From   Addr
	From3  *Addr // optional
	To     Addr
	Opt    interface{}
	Forwd  *Prog
	Pcond  *Prog
	Rel    *Prog // Source of forward jumps on x86; pcrel on arm
	Pc     int64
	Lineno int32
	Spadj  int32
	As     As // Assembler opcode.
	Reg    int16
	RegTo2 int16  // 2nd register output operand
	Mark   uint16 // bitmask of arch-specific items
	Optab  uint16
	Scond  uint8
	Back   uint8
	Ft     uint8
	Tt     uint8
	Isize  uint8 // size of the instruction in bytes (x86 only)
	Mode   int8

	Info ProgInfo
}

// From3Type returns From3.Type, or TYPE_NONE when From3 is nil.
func (p *Prog) From3Type() AddrType {
	if p.From3 == nil {
		return TYPE_NONE
	}
	return p.From3.Type
}

// From3Offset returns From3.Offset, or 0 when From3 is nil.
func (p *Prog) From3Offset() int64 {
	if p.From3 == nil {
		return 0
	}
	return p.From3.Offset
}

// ProgInfo holds information about the instruction for use
// by clients such as the compiler. The exact meaning of this
// data is up to the client and is not interpreted by the cmd/internal/obj/... packages.
type ProgInfo struct {
	_        struct{} // to prevent unkeyed literals. Trailing zero-sized field will take space.
	Flags    uint32   // flag bits
	Reguse   uint64   // registers implicitly used by this instruction
	Regset   uint64   // registers implicitly set by this instruction
	Regindex uint64   // registers used by addressing mode
}

// An As denotes an assembler opcode.
// There are some portable opcodes, declared here in package obj,
// that are common to all architectures.
// However, the majority of opcodes are arch-specific
// and are declared in their respective architecture's subpackage.
type As int16

// These are the portable opcodes.
const (
	AXXX As = iota
	ACALL
	ACHECKNIL
	ADATA
	ADUFFCOPY
	ADUFFZERO
	AEND
	AFUNCDATA
	AGLOBL
	AJMP
	ANOP
	APCDATA
	ARET
	ATEXT
	ATYPE
	AUNDEF
	AUSEFIELD
	AVARDEF
	AVARKILL
	AVARLIVE
	A_ARCHSPECIFIC
)

// Each architecture is allotted a distinct subspace of opcode values
// for declaring its arch-specific opcodes.
// Within this subspace, the first arch-specific opcode should be
// at offset A_ARCHSPECIFIC.
//
// Subspaces are aligned to a power of two so opcodes can be masked
// with AMask and used as compact array indices.
const (
	ABase386 = (1 + iota) << 12
	ABaseARM
	ABaseAMD64
	ABasePPC64
	ABaseARM64
	ABaseMIPS64

	AMask = 1<<12 - 1 // AND with this to use the opcode as an array index.
)

// An LSym is the sort of symbol that is written to an object file.
type LSym struct {
	Name      string
	Type      int16
	Version   int16
	Dupok     uint8
	Cfunc     uint8
	Nosplit   uint8
	Leaf      uint8
	Seenglobl uint8
	Onlist    uint8
	// Local means make the symbol local even when compiling Go code to reference Go
	// symbols in other shared libraries, as in this mode symbols are global by
	// default. "local" here means in the sense of the dynamic linker, i.e. not
	// visible outside of the module (shared library or executable) that contains its
	// definition. (When not compiling to support Go shared libraries, all symbols are
	// local in this sense unless there is a cgo_export_* directive).
	Local  bool
	Args   int32
	Locals int32
	Value  int64
	Size   int64
	Next   *LSym
	Gotype *LSym
	Autom  *Auto
	Text   *Prog
	Etext  *Prog
	Pcln   *Pcln
	P      []byte
	R      []Reloc
}

type Pcln struct {
	Pcsp        Pcdata
	Pcfile      Pcdata
	Pcline      Pcdata
	Pcdata      []Pcdata
	Funcdata    []*LSym
	Funcdataoff []int64
	File        []*LSym
	Lastfile    *LSym
	Lastindex   int
}

// LSym.type
const (
	Sxxx = iota
	STEXT
	SELFRXSECT

	STYPE
	SSTRING
	SGOSTRING
	SGOSTRINGHDR
	SGOFUNC
	SGCBITS
	SRODATA
	SFUNCTAB

	// Types STYPE-SFUNCTAB above are written to the .rodata section by default.
	// When linking a shared object, some conceptually "read only" types need to
	// be written to by relocations and putting them in a section called
	// ".rodata" interacts poorly with the system linkers. The GNU linkers
	// support this situation by arranging for sections of the name
	// ".data.rel.ro.XXX" to be mprotected read only by the dynamic linker after
	// relocations have applied, so when the Go linker is creating a shared
	// object it checks all objects of the above types and bumps any object that
	// has a relocation to it to the corresponding type below, which are then
	// written to sections with appropriate magic names.
	STYPERELRO
	SSTRINGRELRO
	SGOSTRINGRELRO
	SGOSTRINGHDRRELRO
	SGOFUNCRELRO
	SGCBITSRELRO
	SRODATARELRO
	SFUNCTABRELRO

	STYPELINK
	SSYMTAB
	SPCLNTAB
	SELFROSECT
	SMACHOPLT
	SELFSECT
	SMACHO
	SMACHOGOT
	SWINDOWS
	SELFGOT
	SNOPTRDATA
	SINITARR
	SDATA
	SBSS
	SNOPTRBSS
	STLSBSS
	SXREF
	SMACHOSYMSTR
	SMACHOSYMTAB
	SMACHOINDIRECTPLT
	SMACHOINDIRECTGOT
	SFILE
	SFILEPATH
	SCONST
	SDYNIMPORT
	SHOSTOBJ
	SSUB       = 1 << 8
	SMASK      = SSUB - 1
	SHIDDEN    = 1 << 9
	SCONTAINER = 1 << 10 // has a sub-symbol
)

type Reloc struct {
	Off  int32
	Siz  uint8
	Type int32
	Add  int64
	Sym  *LSym
}

// Reloc.type
const (
	R_ADDR = 1 + iota
	// R_ADDRPOWER relocates a pair of "D-form" instructions (instructions with 16-bit
	// immediates in the low half of the instruction word), usually addis followed by
	// another add or a load, inserting the "high adjusted" 16 bits of the address of
	// the referenced symbol into the immediate field of the first instruction and the
	// low 16 bits into that of the second instruction.
	R_ADDRPOWER
	// R_ADDRARM64 relocates an adrp, add pair to compute the address of the
	// referenced symbol.
	R_ADDRARM64
	// R_ADDRMIPS (only used on mips64) resolves to a 32-bit external address,
	// by loading the address into a register with two instructions (lui, ori).
	R_ADDRMIPS
	R_SIZE
	R_CALL
	R_CALLARM
	R_CALLARM64
	R_CALLIND
	R_CALLPOWER
	// R_CALLMIPS (only used on mips64) resolves to non-PC-relative target address
	// of a CALL (JAL) instruction, by encoding the address into the instruction.
	R_CALLMIPS
	R_CONST
	R_PCREL
	// R_TLS_LE, used on 386, amd64, and ARM, resolves to the offset of the
	// thread-local symbol from the thread local base and is used to implement the
	// "local exec" model for tls access (r.Sym is not set on intel platforms but is
	// set to a TLS symbol -- runtime.tlsg -- in the linker when externally linking).
	R_TLS_LE
	// R_TLS_IE, used 386, amd64, and ARM resolves to the PC-relative offset to a GOT
	// slot containing the offset from the thread-local symbol from the thread local
	// base and is used to implemented the "initial exec" model for tls access (r.Sym
	// is not set on intel platforms but is set to a TLS symbol -- runtime.tlsg -- in
	// the linker when externally linking).
	R_TLS_IE
	R_GOTOFF
	R_PLT0
	R_PLT1
	R_PLT2
	R_USEFIELD
	// R_USETYPE resolves to an *rtype, but no relocation is created. The
	// linker uses this as a signal that the pointed-to type information
	// should be linked into the final binary, even if there are no other
	// direct references. (This is used for types reachable by reflection.)
	R_USETYPE
	// R_METHOD resolves to an *rtype for a method.
	// It is used when linking from the uncommonType of another *rtype, and
	// may be set to zero by the linker if it determines the method text is
	// unreachable by the linked program.
	R_METHOD
	R_POWER_TOC
	R_GOTPCREL
	// R_JMPMIPS (only used on mips64) resolves to non-PC-relative target address
	// of a JMP instruction, by encoding the address into the instruction.
	// The stack nosplit check ignores this since it is not a function call.
	R_JMPMIPS

	// Platform dependent relocations. Architectures with fixed width instructions
	// have the inherent issue that a 32-bit (or 64-bit!) displacement cannot be
	// stuffed into a 32-bit instruction, so an address needs to be spread across
	// several instructions, and in turn this requires a sequence of relocations, each
	// updating a part of an instruction. This leads to relocation codes that are
	// inherently processor specific.

	// Arm64.

	// Set a MOV[NZ] immediate field to bits [15:0] of the offset from the thread
	// local base to the thread local variable defined by the referenced (thread
	// local) symbol. Error if the offset does not fit into 16 bits.
	R_ARM64_TLS_LE

	// Relocates an ADRP; LD64 instruction sequence to load the offset between
	// the thread local base and the thread local variable defined by the
	// referenced (thread local) symbol from the GOT.
	R_ARM64_TLS_IE

	// R_ARM64_GOTPCREL relocates an adrp, ld64 pair to compute the address of the GOT
	// slot of the referenced symbol.
	R_ARM64_GOTPCREL

	// PPC64.

	// R_POWER_TLS_LE is used to implement the "local exec" model for tls
	// access. It resolves to the offset of the thread-local symbol from the
	// thread pointer (R13) and inserts this value into the low 16 bits of an
	// instruction word.
	R_POWER_TLS_LE

	// R_POWER_TLS_IE is used to implement the "initial exec" model for tls access. It
	// relocates a D-form, DS-form instruction sequence like R_ADDRPOWER_DS. It
	// inserts to the offset of GOT slot for the thread-local symbol from the TOC (the
	// GOT slot is filled by the dynamic linker with the offset of the thread-local
	// symbol from the thread pointer (R13)).
	R_POWER_TLS_IE

	// R_POWER_TLS marks an X-form instruction such as "MOVD 0(R13)(R31*1), g" as
	// accessing a particular thread-local symbol. It does not affect code generation
	// but is used by the system linker when relaxing "initial exec" model code to
	// "local exec" model code.
	R_POWER_TLS

	// R_ADDRPOWER_DS is similar to R_ADDRPOWER above, but assumes the second
	// instruction is a "DS-form" instruction, which has an immediate field occupying
	// bits [15:2] of the instruction word. Bits [15:2] of the address of the
	// relocated symbol are inserted into this field; it is an error if the last two
	// bits of the address are not 0.
	R_ADDRPOWER_DS

	// R_ADDRPOWER_PCREL relocates a D-form, DS-form instruction sequence like
	// R_ADDRPOWER_DS but inserts the offset of the GOT slot for the referenced symbol
	// from the TOC rather than the symbol's address.
	R_ADDRPOWER_GOT

	// R_ADDRPOWER_PCREL relocates two D-form instructions like R_ADDRPOWER, but
	// inserts the displacement from the place being relocated to the address of the
	// the relocated symbol instead of just its address.
	R_ADDRPOWER_PCREL

	// R_ADDRPOWER_TOCREL relocates two D-form instructions like R_ADDRPOWER, but
	// inserts the offset from the TOC to the address of the the relocated symbol
	// rather than the symbol's address.
	R_ADDRPOWER_TOCREL

	// R_ADDRPOWER_TOCREL relocates a D-form, DS-form instruction sequence like
	// R_ADDRPOWER_DS but inserts the offset from the TOC to the address of the the
	// relocated symbol rather than the symbol's address.
	R_ADDRPOWER_TOCREL_DS
)

type Auto struct {
	Asym    *LSym
	Link    *Auto
	Aoffset int32
	Name    int16
	Gotype  *LSym
}

// Auto.name
const (
	A_AUTO = 1 + iota
	A_PARAM
)

type Pcdata struct {
	P []byte
}

// Pcdata iterator.
//      for(pciterinit(ctxt, &it, &pcd); !it.done; pciternext(&it)) { it.value holds in [it.pc, it.nextpc) }
type Pciter struct {
	d       Pcdata
	p       []byte
	pc      uint32
	nextpc  uint32
	pcscale uint32
	value   int32
	start   int
	done    int
}

// symbol version, incremented each time a file is loaded.
// version==1 is reserved for savehist.
const (
	HistVersion = 1
)

// Link holds the context for writing object code from a compiler
// to be linker input or for reading that input into the linker.
type Link struct {
	Goarm              int32
	Headtype           int
	Arch               *LinkArch
	Debugasm           int32
	Debugvlog          int32
	Debugdivmod        int32
	Debugpcln          int32
	Flag_shared        int32
	Flag_dynlink       bool
	Flag_optimize      bool
	Bso                *Biobuf
	Pathname           string
	Windows            int32
	Goroot             string
	Goroot_final       string
	Enforce_data_order int32
	Hash               map[SymVer]*LSym
	LineHist           LineHist
	Imports            []string
	Plist              *Plist
	Plast              *Plist
	Sym_div            *LSym
	Sym_divu           *LSym
	Sym_mod            *LSym
	Sym_modu           *LSym
	Plan9privates      *LSym
	Curp               *Prog
	Printp             *Prog
	Blitrl             *Prog
	Elitrl             *Prog
	Rexflag            int
	Vexflag            int
	Rep                int
	Repn               int
	Lock               int
	Asmode             int
	Andptr             []byte
	And                [100]uint8
	Instoffset         int64
	Autosize           int32
	Armsize            int32
	Pc                 int64
	DiagFunc           func(string, ...interface{})
	Mode               int
	Cursym             *LSym
	Version            int
	Textp              *LSym
	Etextp             *LSym
	Errors             int

	// state for writing objects
	Text  *LSym
	Data  *LSym
	Etext *LSym
	Edata *LSym

	// Cache of Progs
	allocIdx int
	progs    [10000]Prog
}

func (ctxt *Link) Diag(format string, args ...interface{}) {
	ctxt.Errors++
	ctxt.DiagFunc(format, args...)
}

// The smallest possible offset from the hardware stack pointer to a local
// variable on the stack. Architectures that use a link register save its value
// on the stack in the function prologue and so always have a pointer between
// the hardware stack pointer and the local variable area.
func (ctxt *Link) FixedFrameSize() int64 {
	switch ctxt.Arch.Thechar {
	case '6', '8':
		return 0
	case '9':
		// PIC code on ppc64le requires 32 bytes of stack, and it's easier to
		// just use that much stack always on ppc64x.
		return int64(4 * ctxt.Arch.Ptrsize)
	default:
		return int64(ctxt.Arch.Ptrsize)
	}
}

type SymVer struct {
	Name    string
	Version int // TODO: make int16 to match LSym.Version?
}

// LinkArch is the definition of a single architecture.
type LinkArch struct {
	ByteOrder  binary.ByteOrder
	Name       string
	Thechar    int
	Preprocess func(*Link, *LSym)
	Assemble   func(*Link, *LSym)
	Follow     func(*Link, *LSym)
	Progedit   func(*Link, *Prog)
	UnaryDst   map[As]bool // Instruction takes one operand, a destination.
	Minlc      int
	Ptrsize    int
	Regsize    int
}

/* executable header types */
const (
	Hunknown = 0 + iota
	Hdarwin
	Hdragonfly
	Helf
	Hfreebsd
	Hlinux
	Hnacl
	Hnetbsd
	Hopenbsd
	Hplan9
	Hsolaris
	Hwindows
)

type Plist struct {
	Name    *LSym
	Firstpc *Prog
	Recur   int
	Link    *Plist
}

/*
 * start a new Prog list.
 */
func Linknewplist(ctxt *Link) *Plist {
	pl := new(Plist)
	if ctxt.Plist == nil {
		ctxt.Plist = pl
	} else {
		ctxt.Plast.Link = pl
	}
	ctxt.Plast = pl
	return pl
}