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In preparation for general faketime support, this renames the existing
nanotime, walltime, and write functions to nanotime1, walltime1, and
write1 and wraps them with trivial Go functions. This will let us
inject different implementations on all platforms when faketime is
enabled.

Updates #30439.

Change-Id: Ice5ccc513a32a6d89ea051638676d3ee05b00418
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/192738


Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>

Working toward making the tree vet-safe instead of having
so many exceptions in cmd/vet/all/whitelist.

This CL makes "GOOS=linux GOARCH=386 go vet -unsafeptr=false runtime" happy,
while keeping "GO_BUILDER_NAME=misc-vetall go tool dist test" happy too.

For #31916.

Change-Id: I3e5586a7ff6e359357350d0602c2259493280ded
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/176099


Run-TryBot: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>

On Linux, sysUnused currently uses madvise(MADV_DONTNEED) to signal the
kernel that a range of allocated memory contains unneeded data. After a
successful call, the range (but not the data it contained before the
call to madvise) is still available but the first access to that range
will unconditionally incur a page fault (needed to 0-fill the range).

A faster alternative is MADV_FREE, available since Linux 4.5. The
mechanism is very similar, but the page fault will only be incurred if
the kernel, between the call to madvise and the first access, decides to
reuse that memory for something else.

In sysUnused, test whether MADV_FREE is supported and fall back to
MADV_DONTNEED in case it isn't. This requires making the return value of
the madvise syscall available to the caller, so change runtime.madvise
to return it.

Fixes #23687

Change-Id: I962c3429000dd9f4a00846461ad128b71201bb04
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/135395


Run-TryBot: Tobias Klauser <tobias.klauser@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>

raise uses tkill to send a signal to the current thread. For this use,
tgkill is functionally equivalent to tkill expect that it also takes the
pid as the first argument.

Using tgkill makes it simpler to run a Go program in a strict sandbox.
With kill and tgkill, the sandbox policy (e.g., seccomp) can prevent the
program from sending signals to other processes by checking that the
first argument == getpid().

With tkill, the policy must whitelist all tids in the process, which is
effectively impossible given Go's dynamic thread creation.

Fixes #27548

Change-Id: I8ed282ef1f7215b02ef46de144493e36454029ea
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/133975


Run-TryBot: Michael Pratt <mpratt@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>

The linux syscall functions used in runtime are designed around the calling
convention of returning errors as negative numbers. On some other systems
(like mips and ppc) the actual syscalls signal errors in other ways. This
means that the assembly implementations of the syscall functions on these
platforms need to transform the return values in the error cases to match
the expected negative errno values. This was addressed for certain syscalls
in https://golang.org/cl/19455 and https://golang.org/cl/89235. This patch
handles the rest of the syscall functions in sys_linux_*.s that return any
value for mips/mips64/ppc64.

Fixes #23446

Change-Id: I302100261231f76d5850ab2c2ea080170d7dba72
GitHub-Last-Rev: e358e2b08c76897b13f917cfa12b5085e20337f9
GitHub-Pull-Request: golang/go#26606
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/125895


Run-TryBot: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>

The caller of epollctl expects it to return a negative errno value,
but it returns a positive errno value on mips, mips64 and ppc64.
The change fixes this.

Updates #23446

Change-Id: Ie6372eca6c23de21964caaaa433c9a45ef93531e
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/89235

Reviewed-by: Carlos Eduardo Seo <cseo@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>

Ever since we added sleep to the runtime back in 2008, we've
implemented it on GNU/Linux with the select (or pselect or pselect6)
system call. But the Linux kernel has a nanosleep system call,
which should be a tiny bit more efficient since it doesn't have to
check to see whether there are any file descriptors. So use it.

Change-Id: Icc3430baca46b082a4d33f97c6c47e25fa91cb9a
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/108538


Run-TryBot: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>

Also fix the indentation of the SYS_* definitions in sys_linux_mipsx.s
and order them numerically.

Change-Id: I0c454301c329a163e7db09dcb25d4e825149858c
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/98448


Run-TryBot: Tobias Klauser <tobias.klauser@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>

Follow CL 93655 which removed the (commented-out) usage of this
function.

Also remove unused constant _RLIMIT_AS and type rlimit.

Change-Id: Ifb6e6b2104f4c2555269f8ced72bfcae24f5d5e9
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/94775


Run-TryBot: Tobias Klauser <tobias.klauser@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>

Also order the syscall number list by numerically for mips64x.

Follow-up for CL 92895.

Change-Id: I5f01f8c626132a06160997fce8a2aef0c486bb1c
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/93616


Run-TryBot: Tobias Klauser <tobias.klauser@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>

Android O disallows open on 64-bit, so let's use openat with AT_FDCWD to
achieve the same behavior.

Android O disallows epoll_wait on 64-bit, so let's use epoll_pwait with
the last argument as NULL to achieve the same behavior.

See here:
https://android.googlesource.com/platform/bionic/+/master/libc/seccomp/arm64_app_policy.cpp
https://android.googlesource.com/platform/bionic/+/master/libc/seccomp/mips64_app_policy.cpp
https://android.googlesource.com/platform/bionic/+/master/libc/seccomp/x86_64_app_policy.cpp

Fixes #23750

Change-Id: If8d5a663357471e5d2c1f516151344a9d05b188a
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/92895

Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Run-TryBot: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>

This replaces frame size -4/-8 with the NOFRAME flag in mips and
mips64 assembly.

This was automated with:

sed -i -e 's/\(^TEXT.*[A-Z]\),\( *\)\$-[84]/\1|NOFRAME,\2$0/' $(find -name '*_mips*.s')

Plus a manual fix to mkduff.go.

The go binary is identical on both architectures before and after this
change.

Change-Id: I0310384d1a584118c41d1cd3a042bb8ea7227efb
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/92044


Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>

Currently mmap returns an unsafe.Pointer that encodes OS errors as
values less than 4096. In practice this is okay, but it borders on
being really unsafe: for example, the value has to be checked
immediately after return and if stack copying were ever to observe
such a value, it would panic. It's also not remotely idiomatic.

Fix this by making mmap return a separate pointer value and error,
like a normal Go function.

Updates #22218.

Change-Id: Iefd965095ffc82cc91118872753a5d39d785c3a6
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/71270


Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>

Currently, threads created by the runtime exist until the whole
program exits. For #14592 and #20395, we want to be able to exit and
clean up threads created by the runtime. This commit implements that
mechanism.

The main difficulty is how to clean up the g0 stack. In cgo mode and
on Solaris and Windows where the OS manages thread stacks, we simply
arrange to return from mstart and let the system clean up the thread.
If the runtime allocated the g0 stack, then we use a new exitThread
syscall wrapper that arranges to clear a flag in the M once the stack
can safely be reaped and call the thread termination syscall.

exitThread is based on the existing exit1 wrapper, which was always
meant to terminate the calling thread. However, exit1 has never been
used since it was introduced 9 years ago, so it was broken on several
platforms. exitThread also has the additional complication of having
to flag that the stack is unused, which requires some tricks on
platforms that use the stack for syscalls.

This still leaves the problem of how to reap the unused g0 stacks. For
this, we move the M from allm to a new freem list as part of the M
exiting. Later, allocm scans the freem list, finds Ms that are marked
as done with their stack, removes these from the list and frees their
g0 stacks. This also allows these Ms to be garbage collected.

This CL does not yet use any of this functionality. Follow-up CLs
will. Likewise, there are no new tests in this CL because we'll need
follow-up functionality to test it.

Change-Id: Ic851ee74227b6d39c6fc1219fc71b45d3004bc63
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/46037


Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>

On 32-bit architectures (or if we fail to map a 64-bit-style arena),
we try to map the heap arena just above the end of the process image.
While we can accept any address, using lower addresses is preferable
because lower addresses cause us to map less of the heap bitmap.

However, if a program is linked against C code that has global
constructors, those constructors may call brk/sbrk to allocate memory
(e.g., many C malloc implementations do this for small allocations).
The brk also starts just above the process image, so this may adjust
the brk past the beginning of where we want to put the heap arena. In
this case, the kernel will pick a different address for the arena and
it will usually be very high (at least, as these things go in a 32-bit
address space).

Fix this by consulting the current value of the brk and using this in
addition to the end of the process image to compute the initial arena
placement.

This is implemented only on Linux currently, since we have no evidence
that it's an issue on any other OSes.

Fixes #19831.

Change-Id: Id64b45d08d8c91e4f50d92d0339146250b04f2f8
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/39810


Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>

See https://golang.org/design/12914-monotonic for details.

Fixes #12914.

Change-Id: I80edc2e6c012b4ace7161c84cf067d444381a009
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/36255


Run-TryBot: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Caleb Spare <cespare@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>

Assembly copied from the clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
call in runtime.nanotime in these files and then modified to use
CLOCK_REALTIME.

Also comment system call numbers in a few other files.

Fixes #11222.

Change-Id: Ie132086de7386f865908183aac2713f90fc73e0d
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/32177

Reviewed-by: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>

Unify the OS-specific versions of msigsave, msigrestore, sigblock,
updatesigmask, and unblocksig into single versions in signal_unix.go.
To do this, make sigprocmask work the same way on all systems, which
required adding a definition of sigprocmask for linux and openbsd.
Also add a single OS-specific function sigmaskToSigset.

Change-Id: I7cbf75131dddb57eeefe648ef845b0791404f785
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/29689


Run-TryBot: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: David Crawshaw <crawshaw@golang.org>

On ARM64, MIPS64, and PPC64, some floating point registers were
reserved for constants 0, 1, 2, 0.5, etc. This CL removes them.

On ARM64, they are never used. On MIPS64 and PPC64, the only use
case is a multiplication-by-2 in the old backend of the compiler,
which is replaced with an addition.

Change-Id: I737cbf43283756e3408964fc88c567a938c57036
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/28095


Run-TryBot: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>
Reviewed-by: David Chase <drchase@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>

Add missing function prototypes.
Fix function prototypes.
Use FP references instead of SP references.
Fix variable names.
Update comments.
Clean up whitespace. (Not for vet.)

All fairly minor fixes to make vet happy.

Updates #11041

Change-Id: Ifab2cdf235ff61cdc226ab1d84b8467b5ac9446c
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/27713


Run-TryBot: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>

Change-Id: Id40dd05b7b264f3b779fdf9ccc2421ba4bc70589
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/19806

Reviewed-by: Minux Ma <minux@golang.org>

SB register (R28) is introduced for access external addresses with shorter
instruction sequences. It is loaded at entry points. External data within
2G of SB can be accessed this way.

cmd/internal/obj: relocaltion R_ADDRMIPS is split into two relocations
R_ADDRMIPS and R_ADDRMIPSU, handling the low 16 bits and the "upper" 16
bits of external addresses, respectively, since the instructios may not
be adjacent. It might be better if relocation Variant could be used.

cmd/link/internal/mips64: support new relocations.

cmd/compile/internal/mips64: reserve SB register.

runtime: initialize SB register at entry points.

Change-Id: I5f34868f88c5a9698c042a8a1f12f76806c187b9
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/19802

Reviewed-by: Minux Ma <minux@golang.org>

The new function runtime.SetCgoTraceback may be used to register stack
traceback and symbolizer functions, written in C, to do a stack
traceback from cgo code.

There is a sample implementation of runtime.SetCgoSymbolizer at
github.com/ianlancetaylor/cgosymbolizer.  Just importing that package is
sufficient to get symbolic C backtraces.

Currently only supported on linux/amd64.

Change-Id: If96ee2eb41c6c7379d407b9561b87557bfe47341
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/17761

Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>

The caller of mmap expects it to return a positive errno value, but the
linux-arm64 and nacl-386 system calls returned a negative errno value.
Correct them to negate the errno value.

The caller of mincore expects it to return a negative errno value (yes,
this is inconsistent), but the linux-mips64x and linux-ppc64x system
call returned a positive errno value.  Correct them to negate the errno
value.

Add a test that mmap returns errno with the correct sign.  Brad added a
test for mincore's errno value in https://golang.org/cl/19457.

Fixes #14297.

Change-Id: I2b93f32e679bd1eae1c9aef9ae7bcf0ba39521b5
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/19455

Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Minux Ma <minux@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>

Change-Id: I9e94027ef66c88007107de2b2b75c3d7cf1352af
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/14467

Reviewed-by: Minux Ma <minux@golang.org>