overlayfs can keep index of copied up files and directories and it seems to
serve two primary puroposes.  For regular files, it avoids breaking lower
hardlinks over copy up.  For directories it seems to be used for various
error checks.

During ovl_lookup(), we lookup for index using lower dentry in many a
cases.  That lower dentry is called "origin" and following is a summary of
current logic.

If there is no upperdentry, always lookup for index using lower dentry.
For regular files it helps avoiding breaking hard links over copyup and for
directories it seems to be just error checks.

If there is an upperdentry, then there are 3 possible cases.

 - For directories, lower dentry is found using two ways.  One is regular
  path based lookup in lower layers and second is using ORIGIN xattr on
  upper dentry.  First verify that path based lookup lower dentry matches
  the one pointed by upper ORIGIN xattr.  If yes, use this verified origin
  for index lookup.

 - For regular files (non-metacopy), there is no path based lookup in lower
  layers as lookup stops once we find upper dentry.  So there is no origin
  verification.  If there is ORIGIN xattr present on upper, use that to
  lookup index otherwise don't.

 - For regular metacopy files, again lower dentry is found using path based
  lookup as well as ORIGIN xattr on upper.  Path based lookup is continued
  in this case to find lower data dentry for metacopy upper.  So like
  directories we only use verified origin.  If ORIGIN xattr is not present
  (Either because lower did not support file handles or because this is
  hardlink copied up with index=off), then don't use path lookup based
  lower dentry as origin.  This is same as regular non-metacopy file case.
Suggested-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>