• Linus Torvalds's avatar
    Merge branch 'smp-hotplug-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip · 710d60cb
    Linus Torvalds authored
    Pull cpu hotplug updates from Thomas Gleixner:
     "This is the first part of the ongoing cpu hotplug rework:
    
       - Initial implementation of the state machine
    
       - Runs all online and prepare down callbacks on the plugged cpu and
         not on some random processor
    
       - Replaces busy loop waiting with completions
    
       - Adds tracepoints so the states can be followed"
    
    More detailed commentary on this work from an earlier email:
     "What's wrong with the current cpu hotplug infrastructure?
    
       - Asymmetry
    
         The hotplug notifier mechanism is asymmetric versus the bringup and
         teardown.  This is mostly caused by the notifier mechanism.
    
       - Largely undocumented dependencies
    
         While some notifiers use explicitely defined notifier priorities,
         we have quite some notifiers which use numerical priorities to
         express dependencies without any documentation why.
    
       - Control processor driven
    
         Most of the bringup/teardown of a cpu is driven by a control
         processor.  While it is understandable, that preperatory steps,
         like idle thread creation, memory allocation for and initialization
         of essential facilities needs to be done before a cpu can boot,
         there is no reason why everything else must run on a control
         processor.  Before this patch series, bringup looks like this:
    
           Control CPU                     Booting CPU
    
           do preparatory steps
           kick cpu into life
    
                                           do low level init
    
           sync with booting cpu           sync with control cpu
    
           bring the rest up
    
       - All or nothing approach
    
         There is no way to do partial bringups.  That's something which is
         really desired because we waste e.g.  at boot substantial amount of
         time just busy waiting that the cpu comes to life.  That's stupid
         as we could very well do preparatory steps and the initial IPI for
         other cpus and then go back and do the necessary low level
         synchronization with the freshly booted cpu.
    
       - Minimal debuggability
    
         Due to the notifier based design, it's impossible to switch between
         two stages of the bringup/teardown back and forth in order to test
         the correctness.  So in many hotplug notifiers the cancel
         mechanisms are either not existant or completely untested.
    
       - Notifier [un]registering is tedious
    
         To [un]register notifiers we need to protect against hotplug at
         every callsite.  There is no mechanism that bringup/teardown
         callbacks are issued on the online cpus, so every caller needs to
         do it itself.  That also includes error rollback.
    
      What's the new design?
    
         The base of the new design is a symmetric state machine, where both
         the control processor and the booting/dying cpu execute a well
         defined set of states.  Each state is symmetric in the end, except
         for some well defined exceptions, and the bringup/teardown can be
         stopped and reversed at almost all states.
    
         So the bringup of a cpu will look like this in the future:
    
           Control CPU                     Booting CPU
    
           do preparatory steps
           kick cpu into life
    
                                           do low level init
    
           sync with booting cpu           sync with control cpu
    
                                           bring itself up
    
         The synchronization step does not require the control cpu to wait.
         That mechanism can be done asynchronously via a worker or some
         other mechanism.
    
         The teardown can be made very similar, so that the dying cpu cleans
         up and brings itself down.  Cleanups which need to be done after
         the cpu is gone, can be scheduled asynchronously as well.
    
      There is a long way to this, as we need to refactor the notion when a
      cpu is available.  Today we set the cpu online right after it comes
      out of the low level bringup, which is not really correct.
    
      The proper mechanism is to set it to available, i.e. cpu local
      threads, like softirqd, hotplug thread etc. can be scheduled on that
      cpu, and once it finished all booting steps, it's set to online, so
      general workloads can be scheduled on it.  The reverse happens on
      teardown.  First thing to do is to forbid scheduling of general
      workloads, then teardown all the per cpu resources and finally shut it
      off completely.
    
      This patch series implements the basic infrastructure for this at the
      core level.  This includes the following:
    
       - Basic state machine implementation with well defined states, so
         ordering and prioritization can be expressed.
    
       - Interfaces to [un]register state callbacks
    
         This invokes the bringup/teardown callback on all online cpus with
         the proper protection in place and [un]installs the callbacks in
         the state machine array.
    
         For callbacks which have no particular ordering requirement we have
         a dynamic state space, so that drivers don't have to register an
         explicit hotplug state.
    
         If a callback fails, the code automatically does a rollback to the
         previous state.
    
       - Sysfs interface to drive the state machine to a particular step.
    
         This is only partially functional today.  Full functionality and
         therefor testability will be achieved once we converted all
         existing hotplug notifiers over to the new scheme.
    
       - Run all CPU_ONLINE/DOWN_PREPARE notifiers on the booting/dying
         processor:
    
           Control CPU                     Booting CPU
    
           do preparatory steps
           kick cpu into life
    
                                           do low level init
    
           sync with booting cpu           sync with control cpu
           wait for boot
                                           bring itself up
    
                                           Signal completion to control cpu
    
         In a previous step of this work we've done a full tree mechanical
         conversion of all hotplug notifiers to the new scheme.  The balance
         is a net removal of about 4000 lines of code.
    
         This is not included in this series, as we decided to take a
         different approach.  Instead of mechanically converting everything
         over, we will do a proper overhaul of the usage sites one by one so
         they nicely fit into the symmetric callback scheme.
    
         I decided to do that after I looked at the ugliness of some of the
         converted sites and figured out that their hotplug mechanism is
         completely buggered anyway.  So there is no point to do a
         mechanical conversion first as we need to go through the usage
         sites one by one again in order to achieve a full symmetric and
         testable behaviour"
    
    * 'smp-hotplug-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (23 commits)
      cpu/hotplug: Document states better
      cpu/hotplug: Fix smpboot thread ordering
      cpu/hotplug: Remove redundant state check
      cpu/hotplug: Plug death reporting race
      rcu: Make CPU_DYING_IDLE an explicit call
      cpu/hotplug: Make wait for dead cpu completion based
      cpu/hotplug: Let upcoming cpu bring itself fully up
      arch/hotplug: Call into idle with a proper state
      cpu/hotplug: Move online calls to hotplugged cpu
      cpu/hotplug: Create hotplug threads
      cpu/hotplug: Split out the state walk into functions
      cpu/hotplug: Unpark smpboot threads from the state machine
      cpu/hotplug: Move scheduler cpu_online notifier to hotplug core
      cpu/hotplug: Implement setup/removal interface
      cpu/hotplug: Make target state writeable
      cpu/hotplug: Add sysfs state interface
      cpu/hotplug: Hand in target state to _cpu_up/down
      cpu/hotplug: Convert the hotplugged cpu work to a state machine
      cpu/hotplug: Convert to a state machine for the control processor
      cpu/hotplug: Add tracepoints
      ...
    710d60cb
main.c 24.7 KB