When mprotect() is used to make unwritable VMAs writable, they have the
VM_ACCOUNT flag applied and memory accounted accordingly.

If the VMA has had no pages faulted in and is then made unwritable once
again, it will remain accounted for, despite not being capable of
extending memory usage.

Consider:-

ptr = mmap(NULL, page_size * 3, PROT_READ, MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
mprotect(ptr + page_size, page_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
mprotect(ptr + page_size, page_size, PROT_READ);

The first mprotect() splits the range into 3 VMAs and the second fails to
merge the three as the middle VMA has VM_ACCOUNT set and the others do
not, rendering them unmergeable.

This is unnecessary, since no pages have actually been allocated and the
middle VMA is not capable of utilising more memory, thereby introducing
unnecessary VMA fragmentation (and accounting for more memory than is
necessary).

Since we cannot efficiently determine which pages map to an anonymous VMA,
we have to be very conservative - determining whether any pages at all
have been faulted in, by checking whether vma->anon_vma is NULL.

We can see that the lack of anon_vma implies that no anonymous pages are
present as evidenced by vma_needs_copy() utilising this on fork to
determine whether page tables need to be copied.

The only place where anon_vma is set NULL explicitly is on fork with
VM_WIPEONFORK set, however since this flag is intended to cause the child
process to not CoW on a given memory range, it is right to interpret this
as indicating the VMA has no faulted-in anonymous memory mapped.

If the VMA was forked without VM_WIPEONFORK set, then anon_vma_fork() will
have ensured that a new anon_vma is assigned (and correctly related to its
parent anon_vma) should any pages be CoW-mapped.

The overall operation is safe against races as we hold a write lock against
mm->mmap_lock.

If we could efficiently look up the VMA's faulted-in pages then we would
unaccount all those pages not yet faulted in.  However as the original
comment alludes this simply isn't currently possible, so we are
conservative and account all pages or none at all.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/ad5540371a16623a069f03f4db1739f33cde1fab.1696921767.git.lstoakes@gmail.comSigned-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mike Rapoport (IBM) <rppt@kernel.org>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>