Often when running fstests btrfs/079 I was running into the following
trace during umount on one of my qemu/kvm test vms:

[ 8245.682441] WARNING: CPU: 8 PID: 25064 at fs/btrfs/extent-tree.c:138 btrfs_put_block_group+0x51/0x69 [btrfs]()
[ 8245.685039] Modules linked in: btrfs dm_flakey dm_mod crc32c_generic xor raid6_pq nfsd auth_rpcgss oid_registry nfs_acl nfs lockd grace fscache sunrpc loop fuse parport_pc i2c_piix4 acpi_cpufreq processor psmouse i2c_core thermal_sys parport evdev serio_raw button pcspkr microcode ext4 crc16 jbd2 mbcache sg sr_mod cdrom sd_mod ata_generic virtio_scsi ata_piix libata floppy virtio_pci virtio_ring scsi_mod virtio e1000 [last unloaded: btrfs]
[ 8245.693860] CPU: 8 PID: 25064 Comm: umount Tainted: G        W       4.1.0-rc5-btrfs-next-10+ #1
[ 8245.695081] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.8.1-0-g4adadbd-20150316_085822-nilsson.home.kraxel.org 04/01/2014
[ 8245.697583]  0000000000000009 ffff88020d047ce8 ffffffff8145eec7 ffffffff81095dce
[ 8245.699234]  0000000000000000 ffff88020d047d28 ffffffff8104b399 0000000000000028
[ 8245.700995]  ffffffffa04db07b ffff8801c6036c00 ffff8801c6036d68 ffff880202eb40b0
[ 8245.702510] Call Trace:
[ 8245.703006]  [<ffffffff8145eec7>] dump_stack+0x4f/0x7b
[ 8245.705393]  [<ffffffff81095dce>] ? console_unlock+0x356/0x3a2
[ 8245.706569]  [<ffffffff8104b399>] warn_slowpath_common+0xa1/0xbb
[ 8245.707747]  [<ffffffffa04db07b>] ? btrfs_put_block_group+0x51/0x69 [btrfs]
[ 8245.709101]  [<ffffffff8104b456>] warn_slowpath_null+0x1a/0x1c
[ 8245.710274]  [<ffffffffa04db07b>] btrfs_put_block_group+0x51/0x69 [btrfs]
[ 8245.711823]  [<ffffffffa04e3473>] btrfs_free_block_groups+0x145/0x322 [btrfs]
[ 8245.713251]  [<ffffffffa04ef31a>] close_ctree+0x1ef/0x325 [btrfs]
[ 8245.714448]  [<ffffffff8117d26e>] ? evict_inodes+0xdc/0xeb
[ 8245.715539]  [<ffffffffa04cb3ad>] btrfs_put_super+0x19/0x1b [btrfs]
[ 8245.716835]  [<ffffffff81167607>] generic_shutdown_super+0x73/0xef
[ 8245.718015]  [<ffffffff81167a3a>] kill_anon_super+0x13/0x1e
[ 8245.719101]  [<ffffffffa04cb1b6>] btrfs_kill_super+0x17/0x23 [btrfs]
[ 8245.720316]  [<ffffffff81167544>] deactivate_locked_super+0x3b/0x68
[ 8245.721517]  [<ffffffff81167dd6>] deactivate_super+0x3f/0x43
[ 8245.722581]  [<ffffffff8117fbb9>] cleanup_mnt+0x59/0x78
[ 8245.723538]  [<ffffffff8117fc18>] __cleanup_mnt+0x12/0x14
[ 8245.724572]  [<ffffffff81065371>] task_work_run+0x8f/0xbc
[ 8245.725598]  [<ffffffff810028fb>] do_notify_resume+0x45/0x53
[ 8245.726892]  [<ffffffff814651ac>] int_signal+0x12/0x17
[ 8245.737887] ---[ end trace a01d038397e99b92 ]---
[ 8245.769363] general protection fault: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
[ 8245.770737] Modules linked in: btrfs dm_flakey dm_mod crc32c_generic xor raid6_pq nfsd auth_rpcgss oid_registry nfs_acl nfs lockd grace fscache sunrpc loop fuse parport_pc i2c_piix4 acpi_cpufreq processor psmouse i2c_core thermal_sys parport evdev serio_raw button pcspkr microcode ext4 crc16 jbd2 mbcache sg sr_mod cdrom sd_mod ata_generic virtio_scsi ata_piix libata floppy virtio_pci virtio_ring scsi_mod virtio e1000 [last unloaded: btrfs]
[ 8245.772641] CPU: 2 PID: 25064 Comm: umount Tainted: G        W       4.1.0-rc5-btrfs-next-10+ #1
[ 8245.772641] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.8.1-0-g4adadbd-20150316_085822-nilsson.home.kraxel.org 04/01/2014
[ 8245.772641] task: ffff880013005810 ti: ffff88020d044000 task.ti: ffff88020d044000
[ 8245.772641] RIP: 0010:[<ffffffffa051c8e6>]  [<ffffffffa051c8e6>] btrfs_queue_work+0x2c/0x14d [btrfs]
[ 8245.772641] RSP: 0018:ffff88020d0478b8  EFLAGS: 00010202
[ 8245.772641] RAX: 0000000000000004 RBX: 6b6b6b6b6b6b6b6b RCX: ffffffffa0581488
[ 8245.772641] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffff880194b7bf48 RDI: ffff880144b6a7a0
[ 8245.772641] RBP: ffff88020d0478d8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 000000000000ffff
[ 8245.772641] R10: 0000000000000004 R11: 0000000000000005 R12: ffff880194b7bf48
[ 8245.772641] R13: ffff880194b7bf48 R14: 0000000000000410 R15: 0000000000000000
[ 8245.772641] FS:  00007f991e77d840(0000) GS:ffff88023e280000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[ 8245.772641] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b
[ 8245.772641] CR2: 00007fbbd325ee68 CR3: 000000021de8e000 CR4: 00000000000006e0
[ 8245.772641] Stack:
[ 8245.772641]  ffff880194b7bf00 ffff880202eb4000 ffff880194b7bf48 0000000000000410
[ 8245.772641]  ffff88020d047958 ffffffffa04ec6d5 ffff8801629b2ee8 0000000082987570
[ 8245.772641]  0000000000a5813f 0000000000000001 ffff880013006100 0000000000000002
[ 8245.772641] Call Trace:
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffffa04ec6d5>] btrfs_wq_submit_bio+0xe1/0x17b [btrfs]
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffff81086bff>] ? check_irq_usage+0x76/0x87
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffffa04ec825>] btree_submit_bio_hook+0xb6/0xd9 [btrfs]
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffffa04ebb7c>] ? btree_csum_one_bio+0xad/0xad [btrfs]
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffffa04eb1a6>] ? btree_io_failed_hook+0x5e/0x5e [btrfs]
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffffa050a6e7>] submit_one_bio+0x8c/0xc7 [btrfs]
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffffa050d75b>] submit_extent_page.isra.18+0x9d/0x186 [btrfs]
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffffa050d95b>] write_one_eb+0x117/0x1ae [btrfs]
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffffa050a79b>] ? end_extent_buffer_writeback+0x21/0x21 [btrfs]
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffffa0510510>] btree_write_cache_pages+0x2ab/0x385 [btrfs]
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffffa04eb2b8>] btree_writepages+0x23/0x5c [btrfs]
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffff8111c661>] do_writepages+0x23/0x2c
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffff81189cd4>] __writeback_single_inode+0xda/0x5bd
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffff8118aa60>] ? writeback_single_inode+0x2b/0x173
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffff8118aafd>] writeback_single_inode+0xc8/0x173
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffff8118ac95>] write_inode_now+0x8a/0x95
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffff81247bf0>] ? _atomic_dec_and_lock+0x30/0x4e
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffff8117cc5e>] iput+0x17d/0x26a
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffffa04ef355>] close_ctree+0x22a/0x325 [btrfs]
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffff8117d26e>] ? evict_inodes+0xdc/0xeb
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffffa04cb3ad>] btrfs_put_super+0x19/0x1b [btrfs]
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffff81167607>] generic_shutdown_super+0x73/0xef
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffff81167a3a>] kill_anon_super+0x13/0x1e
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffffa04cb1b6>] btrfs_kill_super+0x17/0x23 [btrfs]
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffff81167544>] deactivate_locked_super+0x3b/0x68
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffff81167dd6>] deactivate_super+0x3f/0x43
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffff8117fbb9>] cleanup_mnt+0x59/0x78
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffff8117fc18>] __cleanup_mnt+0x12/0x14
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffff81065371>] task_work_run+0x8f/0xbc
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffff810028fb>] do_notify_resume+0x45/0x53
[ 8245.772641]  [<ffffffff814651ac>] int_signal+0x12/0x17
[ 8245.772641] Code: 1f 44 00 00 55 48 89 e5 41 56 41 55 41 54 53 49 89 f4 48 8b 46 70 a8 04 74 09 48 8b 5f 08 48 85 db 75 03 48 8b 1f 49 89 5c 24 68 <83> 7b 5c ff 74 04 f0 ff 43 50 49 83 7c 24 08 00 74 2c 4c 8d 6b
[ 8245.772641] RIP  [<ffffffffa051c8e6>] btrfs_queue_work+0x2c/0x14d [btrfs]
[ 8245.772641]  RSP <ffff88020d0478b8>
[ 8245.845040] ---[ end trace a01d038397e99b93 ]---

For logical reasons such as the phase of the moon, this happened more
often with "-o inode_cache" than without any mount options.

After some debugging it turned out to be simple to understand what was
happening:

1) close_ctree() is called;

2) It then stops the transaction kthread, which commits the current
   transaction;

3) It asks the cleaner kthread to stop, which is currently running
   btrfs_delete_unused_bgs();

4) btrfs_delete_unused_bgs() finds an unused block group, starts a new
   transaction, deletes the block group, which implies COWing some
   tree nodes and leafs and dirtying their respective pages, and then
   finally it ends the transaction it started, without committing it;

5) The cleaner kthread stops;

6) close_ctree() releases (from memory) the block group objects, which
   produces the warning in the trace pasted above;

7) Then it invalidates all pages of the btree inode, by calling
   invalidate_inode_pages2(), which waits for any pages under writeback,
   and releases any non-dirty pages;

8) All work queues are destroyed (waiting first for their current tasks
   to finish execution);

9) A final iput() is called against the btree inode;

10) This iput triggers a writeback of the btree inode because it still
    has dirty pages;

11) This starts the whole chain of callbacks for the btree inode until
    it eventually reaches btrfs_wq_submit_bio() where it leads to a
    NULL pointer dereference because the work queues were already
    destroyed.

Fix this by making the cleaner commit any transaction that it started
after the transaction kthread was stopped.
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com>