Merge tag 'rcu.2022.12.02a' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulmck/linux-rcu

Pull RCU updates from Paul McKenney:

 - Documentation updates. This is the second in a series from an ongoing
   review of the RCU documentation.

 - Miscellaneous fixes.

 - Introduce a default-off Kconfig option that depends on RCU_NOCB_CPU
   that, on CPUs mentioned in the nohz_full or rcu_nocbs boot-argument
   CPU lists, causes call_rcu() to introduce delays.

   These delays result in significant power savings on nearly idle
   Android and ChromeOS systems. These savings range from a few percent
   to more than ten percent.

   This series also includes several commits that change call_rcu() to a
   new call_rcu_hurry() function that avoids these delays in a few
   cases, for example, where timely wakeups are required. Several of
   these are outside of RCU and thus have acks and reviews from the
   relevant maintainers.

 - Create an srcu_read_lock_nmisafe() and an srcu_read_unlock_nmisafe()
   for architectures that support NMIs, but which do not provide
   NMI-safe this_cpu_inc(). These NMI-safe SRCU functions are required
   by the upcoming lockless printk() work by John Ogness et al.

 - Changes providing minor but important increases in torture test
   coverage for the new RCU polled-grace-period APIs.

 - Changes to torturescript that avoid redundant kernel builds, thus
   providing about a 30% speedup for the torture.sh acceptance test.

* tag 'rcu.2022.12.02a' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulmck/linux-rcu: (49 commits)
  net: devinet: Reduce refcount before grace period
  net: Use call_rcu_hurry() for dst_release()
  workqueue: Make queue_rcu_work() use call_rcu_hurry()
  percpu-refcount: Use call_rcu_hurry() for atomic switch
  scsi/scsi_error: Use call_rcu_hurry() instead of call_rcu()
  rcu/rcutorture: Use call_rcu_hurry() where needed
  rcu/rcuscale: Use call_rcu_hurry() for async reader test
  rcu/sync: Use call_rcu_hurry() instead of call_rcu
  rcuscale: Add laziness and kfree tests
  rcu: Shrinker for lazy rcu
  rcu: Refactor code a bit in rcu_nocb_do_flush_bypass()
  rcu: Make call_rcu() lazy to save power
  rcu: Implement lockdep_rcu_enabled for !CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
  srcu: Debug NMI safety even on archs that don't require it
  srcu: Explain the reason behind the read side critical section on GP start
  srcu: Warn when NMI-unsafe API is used in NMI
  arch/s390: Add ARCH_HAS_NMI_SAFE_THIS_CPU_OPS Kconfig option
  arch/loongarch: Add ARCH_HAS_NMI_SAFE_THIS_CPU_OPS Kconfig option
  rcu: Fix __this_cpu_read() lockdep warning in rcu_force_quiescent_state()
  rcu-tasks: Make grace-period-age message human-readable
  ...

Documentation/RCU/arrayRCU.rst

-.. _array_rcu_doc:
-
-Using RCU to Protect Read-Mostly Arrays
-=======================================
-
-Although RCU is more commonly used to protect linked lists, it can
-also be used to protect arrays.  Three situations are as follows:
-
-1.  :ref:`Hash Tables <hash_tables>`
-
-2.  :ref:`Static Arrays <static_arrays>`
-
-3.  :ref:`Resizable Arrays <resizable_arrays>`
-
-Each of these three situations involves an RCU-protected pointer to an
-array that is separately indexed.  It might be tempting to consider use
-of RCU to instead protect the index into an array, however, this use
-case is **not** supported.  The problem with RCU-protected indexes into
-arrays is that compilers can play way too many optimization games with
-integers, which means that the rules governing handling of these indexes
-are far more trouble than they are worth.  If RCU-protected indexes into
-arrays prove to be particularly valuable (which they have not thus far),
-explicit cooperation from the compiler will be required to permit them
-to be safely used.
-
-That aside, each of the three RCU-protected pointer situations are
-described in the following sections.
-
-.. _hash_tables:
-
-Situation 1: Hash Tables
-------------------------
-
-Hash tables are often implemented as an array, where each array entry
-has a linked-list hash chain.  Each hash chain can be protected by RCU
-as described in listRCU.rst.  This approach also applies to other
-array-of-list situations, such as radix trees.
-
-.. _static_arrays:
-
-Situation 2: Static Arrays
---------------------------
-
-Static arrays, where the data (rather than a pointer to the data) is
-located in each array element, and where the array is never resized,
-have not been used with RCU.  Rik van Riel recommends using seqlock in
-this situation, which would also have minimal read-side overhead as long
-as updates are rare.
-
-Quick Quiz:
-		Why is it so important that updates be rare when using seqlock?
-
-:ref:`Answer to Quick Quiz <answer_quick_quiz_seqlock>`
-
-.. _resizable_arrays:
-
-Situation 3: Resizable Arrays
-------------------------------
-
-Use of RCU for resizable arrays is demonstrated by the grow_ary()
-function formerly used by the System V IPC code.  The array is used
-to map from semaphore, message-queue, and shared-memory IDs to the data
-structure that represents the corresponding IPC construct.  The grow_ary()
-function does not acquire any locks; instead its caller must hold the
-ids->sem semaphore.
-
-The grow_ary() function, shown below, does some limit checks, allocates a
-new ipc_id_ary, copies the old to the new portion of the new, initializes
-the remainder of the new, updates the ids->entries pointer to point to
-the new array, and invokes ipc_rcu_putref() to free up the old array.
-Note that rcu_assign_pointer() is used to update the ids->entries pointer,
-which includes any memory barriers required on whatever architecture
-you are running on::
-
-	static int grow_ary(struct ipc_ids* ids, int newsize)
-	{
-		struct ipc_id_ary* new;
-		struct ipc_id_ary* old;
-		int i;
-		int size = ids->entries->size;
-
-		if(newsize > IPCMNI)
-			newsize = IPCMNI;
-		if(newsize <= size)
-			return newsize;
-
-		new = ipc_rcu_alloc(sizeof(struct kern_ipc_perm *)*newsize +
-				    sizeof(struct ipc_id_ary));
-		if(new == NULL)
-			return size;
-		new->size = newsize;
-		memcpy(new->p, ids->entries->p,
-		       sizeof(struct kern_ipc_perm *)*size +
-		       sizeof(struct ipc_id_ary));
-		for(i=size;i<newsize;i++) {
-			new->p[i] = NULL;
-		}
-		old = ids->entries;
-
-		/*
-		 * Use rcu_assign_pointer() to make sure the memcpyed
-		 * contents of the new array are visible before the new
-		 * array becomes visible.
-		 */
-		rcu_assign_pointer(ids->entries, new);
-
-		ipc_rcu_putref(old);
-		return newsize;
-	}
-
-The ipc_rcu_putref() function decrements the array's reference count
-and then, if the reference count has dropped to zero, uses call_rcu()
-to free the array after a grace period has elapsed.
-
-The array is traversed by the ipc_lock() function.  This function
-indexes into the array under the protection of rcu_read_lock(),
-using rcu_dereference() to pick up the pointer to the array so
-that it may later safely be dereferenced -- memory barriers are
-required on the Alpha CPU.  Since the size of the array is stored
-with the array itself, there can be no array-size mismatches, so
-a simple check suffices.  The pointer to the structure corresponding
-to the desired IPC object is placed in "out", with NULL indicating
-a non-existent entry.  After acquiring "out->lock", the "out->deleted"
-flag indicates whether the IPC object is in the process of being
-deleted, and, if not, the pointer is returned::
-
-	struct kern_ipc_perm* ipc_lock(struct ipc_ids* ids, int id)
-	{
-		struct kern_ipc_perm* out;
-		int lid = id % SEQ_MULTIPLIER;
-		struct ipc_id_ary* entries;
-
-		rcu_read_lock();
-		entries = rcu_dereference(ids->entries);
-		if(lid >= entries->size) {
-			rcu_read_unlock();
-			return NULL;
-		}
-		out = entries->p[lid];
-		if(out == NULL) {
-			rcu_read_unlock();
-			return NULL;
-		}
-		spin_lock(&out->lock);
-
-		/* ipc_rmid() may have already freed the ID while ipc_lock
-		 * was spinning: here verify that the structure is still valid
-		 */
-		if (out->deleted) {
-			spin_unlock(&out->lock);
-			rcu_read_unlock();
-			return NULL;
-		}
-		return out;
-	}
-
-.. _answer_quick_quiz_seqlock:
-
-Answer to Quick Quiz:
-	Why is it so important that updates be rare when using seqlock?
-
-	The reason that it is important that updates be rare when
-	using seqlock is that frequent updates can livelock readers.
-	One way to avoid this problem is to assign a seqlock for
-	each array entry rather than to the entire array.

Documentation/RCU/index.rst

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ RCU concepts
 .. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 3
 
-   arrayRCU
    checklist
    lockdep
    lockdep-splat

Documentation/RCU/lockdep.rst

@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@ state::
 	rcu_read_lock_held() for normal RCU.
 	rcu_read_lock_bh_held() for RCU-bh.
 	rcu_read_lock_sched_held() for RCU-sched.
+	rcu_read_lock_any_held() for any of normal RCU, RCU-bh, and RCU-sched.
 	srcu_read_lock_held() for SRCU.
+	rcu_read_lock_trace_held() for RCU Tasks Trace.
 
 These functions are conservative, and will therefore return 1 if they
 aren't certain (for example, if CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC is not set).
@@ -53,6 +55,8 @@ checking of rcu_dereference() primitives:
 		is invoked by both SRCU readers and updaters.
 	rcu_dereference_raw(p):
 		Don't check.  (Use sparingly, if at all.)
+	rcu_dereference_raw_check(p):
+		Don't do lockdep at all.  (Use sparingly, if at all.)
 	rcu_dereference_protected(p, c):
 		Use explicit check expression "c", and omit all barriers
 		and compiler constraints.  This is useful when the data

arch/Kconfig

@@ -468,6 +468,9 @@ config ARCH_WANT_IRQS_OFF_ACTIVATE_MM
 config ARCH_HAVE_NMI_SAFE_CMPXCHG
 	bool
 
+config ARCH_HAS_NMI_SAFE_THIS_CPU_OPS
+	bool
+
 config HAVE_ALIGNED_STRUCT_PAGE
 	bool
 	help

arch/arm64/Kconfig

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ config ARM64
 	select ARCH_HAS_KCOV
 	select ARCH_HAS_KEEPINITRD
 	select ARCH_HAS_MEMBARRIER_SYNC_CORE
+	select ARCH_HAS_NMI_SAFE_THIS_CPU_OPS
 	select ARCH_HAS_NON_OVERLAPPING_ADDRESS_SPACE
 	select ARCH_HAS_PTE_DEVMAP
 	select ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL

arch/loongarch/Kconfig

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ config LOONGARCH
 	select ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
 	select ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
 	select ARCH_HAS_ACPI_TABLE_UPGRADE	if ACPI
+	select ARCH_HAS_NMI_SAFE_THIS_CPU_OPS
 	select ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL
 	select ARCH_HAS_TICK_BROADCAST if GENERIC_CLOCKEVENTS_BROADCAST
 	select ARCH_INLINE_READ_LOCK if !PREEMPTION

arch/s390/Kconfig

@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ config S390
 	select ARCH_HAS_GIGANTIC_PAGE
 	select ARCH_HAS_KCOV
 	select ARCH_HAS_MEM_ENCRYPT
+	select ARCH_HAS_NMI_SAFE_THIS_CPU_OPS
 	select ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL
 	select ARCH_HAS_SCALED_CPUTIME
 	select ARCH_HAS_SET_MEMORY

arch/x86/Kconfig

@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ config X86
 	select ARCH_HAS_KCOV			if X86_64
 	select ARCH_HAS_MEM_ENCRYPT
 	select ARCH_HAS_MEMBARRIER_SYNC_CORE
+	select ARCH_HAS_NMI_SAFE_THIS_CPU_OPS
 	select ARCH_HAS_NON_OVERLAPPING_ADDRESS_SPACE
 	select ARCH_HAS_PMEM_API		if X86_64
 	select ARCH_HAS_PTE_DEVMAP		if X86_64

drivers/scsi/scsi_error.c

@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ void scsi_eh_scmd_add(struct scsi_cmnd *scmd)
 	 * Ensure that all tasks observe the host state change before the
 	 * host_failed change.
 	 */
-	call_rcu(&scmd->rcu, scsi_eh_inc_host_failed);
+	call_rcu_hurry(&scmd->rcu, scsi_eh_inc_host_failed);
 }
 
 /**

include/linux/kvm_host.h

@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ static __always_inline void guest_context_enter_irqoff(void)
 	 */
 	if (!context_tracking_guest_enter()) {
 		instrumentation_begin();
-		rcu_virt_note_context_switch(smp_processor_id());
+		rcu_virt_note_context_switch();
 		instrumentation_end();
 	}
 }

include/linux/rcupdate.h

@@ -108,6 +108,15 @@ static inline int rcu_preempt_depth(void)
 
 #endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU */
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_RCU_LAZY
+void call_rcu_hurry(struct rcu_head *head, rcu_callback_t func);
+#else
+static inline void call_rcu_hurry(struct rcu_head *head, rcu_callback_t func)
+{
+	call_rcu(head, func);
+}
+#endif
+
 /* Internal to kernel */
 void rcu_init(void);
 extern int rcu_scheduler_active;
@@ -340,6 +349,11 @@ static inline int rcu_read_lock_any_held(void)
 	return !preemptible();
 }
 
+static inline int debug_lockdep_rcu_enabled(void)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
 #endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC */
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU

include/linux/rcutiny.h

@@ -142,12 +142,10 @@ static inline int rcu_needs_cpu(void)
  * Take advantage of the fact that there is only one CPU, which
  * allows us to ignore virtualization-based context switches.
  */
-static inline void rcu_virt_note_context_switch(int cpu) { }
+static inline void rcu_virt_note_context_switch(void) { }
 static inline void rcu_cpu_stall_reset(void) { }
 static inline int rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check(void) { return 21 * HZ; }
 static inline void rcu_irq_exit_check_preempt(void) { }
-#define rcu_is_idle_cpu(cpu) \
-	(is_idle_task(current) && !in_nmi() && !in_hardirq() && !in_serving_softirq())
 static inline void exit_rcu(void) { }
 static inline bool rcu_preempt_need_deferred_qs(struct task_struct *t)
 {

include/linux/rcutree.h

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ void rcu_cpu_stall_reset(void);
  * wrapper around rcu_note_context_switch(), which allows TINY_RCU
  * to save a few bytes. The caller must have disabled interrupts.
  */
-static inline void rcu_virt_note_context_switch(int cpu)
+static inline void rcu_virt_note_context_switch(void)
 {
 	rcu_note_context_switch(false);
 }
@@ -87,8 +87,6 @@ bool poll_state_synchronize_rcu_full(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
 void cond_synchronize_rcu(unsigned long oldstate);
 void cond_synchronize_rcu_full(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
 
-bool rcu_is_idle_cpu(int cpu);
-
 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU
 void rcu_irq_exit_check_preempt(void);
 #else

include/linux/slab.h

@@ -76,6 +76,17 @@
  * rcu_read_lock before reading the address, then rcu_read_unlock after
  * taking the spinlock within the structure expected at that address.
  *
+ * Note that it is not possible to acquire a lock within a structure
+ * allocated with SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU without first acquiring a reference
+ * as described above.  The reason is that SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU pages
+ * are not zeroed before being given to the slab, which means that any
+ * locks must be initialized after each and every kmem_struct_alloc().
+ * Alternatively, make the ctor passed to kmem_cache_create() initialize
+ * the locks at page-allocation time, as is done in __i915_request_ctor(),
+ * sighand_ctor(), and anon_vma_ctor().  Such a ctor permits readers
+ * to safely acquire those ctor-initialized locks under rcu_read_lock()
+ * protection.
+ *
  * Note that SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU was originally named SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU.
  */
 /* Defer freeing slabs to RCU */

include/linux/srcu.h

@@ -64,6 +64,20 @@ unsigned long get_state_synchronize_srcu(struct srcu_struct *ssp);
 unsigned long start_poll_synchronize_srcu(struct srcu_struct *ssp);
 bool poll_state_synchronize_srcu(struct srcu_struct *ssp, unsigned long cookie);
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_NEED_SRCU_NMI_SAFE
+int __srcu_read_lock_nmisafe(struct srcu_struct *ssp) __acquires(ssp);
+void __srcu_read_unlock_nmisafe(struct srcu_struct *ssp, int idx) __releases(ssp);
+#else
+static inline int __srcu_read_lock_nmisafe(struct srcu_struct *ssp)
+{
+	return __srcu_read_lock(ssp);
+}
+static inline void __srcu_read_unlock_nmisafe(struct srcu_struct *ssp, int idx)
+{
+	__srcu_read_unlock(ssp, idx);
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_NEED_SRCU_NMI_SAFE */
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_SRCU
 void srcu_init(void);
 #else /* #ifdef CONFIG_SRCU */
@@ -104,6 +118,18 @@ static inline int srcu_read_lock_held(const struct srcu_struct *ssp)
 
 #endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC */
 
+#define SRCU_NMI_UNKNOWN	0x0
+#define SRCU_NMI_UNSAFE		0x1
+#define SRCU_NMI_SAFE		0x2
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_PROVE_RCU) && defined(CONFIG_TREE_SRCU)
+void srcu_check_nmi_safety(struct srcu_struct *ssp, bool nmi_safe);
+#else
+static inline void srcu_check_nmi_safety(struct srcu_struct *ssp,
+					 bool nmi_safe) { }
+#endif
+
+
 /**
  * srcu_dereference_check - fetch SRCU-protected pointer for later dereferencing
  * @p: the pointer to fetch and protect for later dereferencing
@@ -161,17 +187,36 @@ static inline int srcu_read_lock(struct srcu_struct *ssp) __acquires(ssp)
 {
 	int retval;
 
+	srcu_check_nmi_safety(ssp, false);
 	retval = __srcu_read_lock(ssp);
 	rcu_lock_acquire(&(ssp)->dep_map);
 	return retval;
 }
 
+/**
+ * srcu_read_lock_nmisafe - register a new reader for an SRCU-protected structure.
+ * @ssp: srcu_struct in which to register the new reader.
+ *
+ * Enter an SRCU read-side critical section, but in an NMI-safe manner.
+ * See srcu_read_lock() for more information.
+ */
+static inline int srcu_read_lock_nmisafe(struct srcu_struct *ssp) __acquires(ssp)
+{
+	int retval;
+
+	srcu_check_nmi_safety(ssp, true);
+	retval = __srcu_read_lock_nmisafe(ssp);
+	rcu_lock_acquire(&(ssp)->dep_map);
+	return retval;
+}
+
 /* Used by tracing, cannot be traced and cannot invoke lockdep. */
 static inline notrace int
 srcu_read_lock_notrace(struct srcu_struct *ssp) __acquires(ssp)
 {
 	int retval;
 
+	srcu_check_nmi_safety(ssp, false);
 	retval = __srcu_read_lock(ssp);
 	return retval;
 }
@@ -187,14 +232,32 @@ static inline void srcu_read_unlock(struct srcu_struct *ssp, int idx)
 	__releases(ssp)
 {
 	WARN_ON_ONCE(idx & ~0x1);
+	srcu_check_nmi_safety(ssp, false);
 	rcu_lock_release(&(ssp)->dep_map);
 	__srcu_read_unlock(ssp, idx);
 }
 
+/**
+ * srcu_read_unlock_nmisafe - unregister a old reader from an SRCU-protected structure.
+ * @ssp: srcu_struct in which to unregister the old reader.
+ * @idx: return value from corresponding srcu_read_lock().
+ *
+ * Exit an SRCU read-side critical section, but in an NMI-safe manner.
+ */
+static inline void srcu_read_unlock_nmisafe(struct srcu_struct *ssp, int idx)
+	__releases(ssp)
+{
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(idx & ~0x1);
+	srcu_check_nmi_safety(ssp, true);
+	rcu_lock_release(&(ssp)->dep_map);
+	__srcu_read_unlock_nmisafe(ssp, idx);
+}
+
 /* Used by tracing, cannot be traced and cannot call lockdep. */
 static inline notrace void
 srcu_read_unlock_notrace(struct srcu_struct *ssp, int idx) __releases(ssp)
 {
+	srcu_check_nmi_safety(ssp, false);
 	__srcu_read_unlock(ssp, idx);
 }
 

include/linux/srcutree.h

@@ -23,8 +23,9 @@ struct srcu_struct;
  */
 struct srcu_data {
 	/* Read-side state. */
-	unsigned long srcu_lock_count[2];	/* Locks per CPU. */
-	unsigned long srcu_unlock_count[2];	/* Unlocks per CPU. */
+	atomic_long_t srcu_lock_count[2];	/* Locks per CPU. */
+	atomic_long_t srcu_unlock_count[2];	/* Unlocks per CPU. */
+	int srcu_nmi_safety;			/* NMI-safe srcu_struct structure? */
 
 	/* Update-side state. */
 	spinlock_t __private lock ____cacheline_internodealigned_in_smp;

kernel/rcu/Kconfig

@@ -72,6 +72,9 @@ config TREE_SRCU
 	help
 	  This option selects the full-fledged version of SRCU.
 
+config NEED_SRCU_NMI_SAFE
+	def_bool HAVE_NMI && !ARCH_HAS_NMI_SAFE_THIS_CPU_OPS && !TINY_SRCU
+
 config TASKS_RCU_GENERIC
 	def_bool TASKS_RCU || TASKS_RUDE_RCU || TASKS_TRACE_RCU
 	select SRCU
@@ -311,4 +314,12 @@ config TASKS_TRACE_RCU_READ_MB
 	  Say N here if you hate read-side memory barriers.
 	  Take the default if you are unsure.
 
+config RCU_LAZY
+	bool "RCU callback lazy invocation functionality"
+	depends on RCU_NOCB_CPU
+	default n
+	help
+	  To save power, batch RCU callbacks and flush after delay, memory
+	  pressure, or callback list growing too big.
+
 endmenu # "RCU Subsystem"

kernel/rcu/rcu.h

@@ -474,6 +474,14 @@ enum rcutorture_type {
 	INVALID_RCU_FLAVOR
 };
 
+#if defined(CONFIG_RCU_LAZY)
+unsigned long rcu_lazy_get_jiffies_till_flush(void);
+void rcu_lazy_set_jiffies_till_flush(unsigned long j);
+#else
+static inline unsigned long rcu_lazy_get_jiffies_till_flush(void) { return 0; }
+static inline void rcu_lazy_set_jiffies_till_flush(unsigned long j) { }
+#endif
+
 #if defined(CONFIG_TREE_RCU)
 void rcutorture_get_gp_data(enum rcutorture_type test_type, int *flags,
 			    unsigned long *gp_seq);

kernel/rcu/rcuscale.c

@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ torture_param(int, verbose, 1, "Enable verbose debugging printk()s");
 torture_param(int, writer_holdoff, 0, "Holdoff (us) between GPs, zero to disable");
 torture_param(int, kfree_rcu_test, 0, "Do we run a kfree_rcu() scale test?");
 torture_param(int, kfree_mult, 1, "Multiple of kfree_obj size to allocate.");
+torture_param(int, kfree_by_call_rcu, 0, "Use call_rcu() to emulate kfree_rcu()?");
 
 static char *scale_type = "rcu";
 module_param(scale_type, charp, 0444);
@@ -175,7 +176,7 @@ static struct rcu_scale_ops rcu_ops = {
 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_get_gp_seq,
 	.gp_diff	= rcu_seq_diff,
 	.exp_completed	= rcu_exp_batches_completed,
-	.async		= call_rcu,
+	.async		= call_rcu_hurry,
 	.gp_barrier	= rcu_barrier,
 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu,
 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_expedited,
@@ -659,6 +660,14 @@ struct kfree_obj {
 	struct rcu_head rh;
 };
 
+/* Used if doing RCU-kfree'ing via call_rcu(). */
+static void kfree_call_rcu(struct rcu_head *rh)
+{
+	struct kfree_obj *obj = container_of(rh, struct kfree_obj, rh);
+
+	kfree(obj);
+}
+
 static int
 kfree_scale_thread(void *arg)
 {
@@ -696,6 +705,11 @@ kfree_scale_thread(void *arg)
 			if (!alloc_ptr)
 				return -ENOMEM;
 
+			if (kfree_by_call_rcu) {
+				call_rcu(&(alloc_ptr->rh), kfree_call_rcu);
+				continue;
+			}
+
 			// By default kfree_rcu_test_single and kfree_rcu_test_double are
 			// initialized to false. If both have the same value (false or true)
 			// both are randomly tested, otherwise only the one with value true
@@ -767,11 +781,58 @@ kfree_scale_shutdown(void *arg)
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
+// Used if doing RCU-kfree'ing via call_rcu().
+static unsigned long jiffies_at_lazy_cb;
+static struct rcu_head lazy_test1_rh;
+static int rcu_lazy_test1_cb_called;
+static void call_rcu_lazy_test1(struct rcu_head *rh)
+{
+	jiffies_at_lazy_cb = jiffies;
+	WRITE_ONCE(rcu_lazy_test1_cb_called, 1);
+}
+
 static int __init
 kfree_scale_init(void)
 {
-	long i;
 	int firsterr = 0;
+	long i;
+	unsigned long jif_start;
+	unsigned long orig_jif;
+
+	// Also, do a quick self-test to ensure laziness is as much as
+	// expected.
+	if (kfree_by_call_rcu && !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_LAZY)) {
+		pr_alert("CONFIG_RCU_LAZY is disabled, falling back to kfree_rcu() for delayed RCU kfree'ing\n");
+		kfree_by_call_rcu = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (kfree_by_call_rcu) {
+		/* do a test to check the timeout. */
+		orig_jif = rcu_lazy_get_jiffies_till_flush();
+
+		rcu_lazy_set_jiffies_till_flush(2 * HZ);
+		rcu_barrier();
+
+		jif_start = jiffies;
+		jiffies_at_lazy_cb = 0;
+		call_rcu(&lazy_test1_rh, call_rcu_lazy_test1);
+
+		smp_cond_load_relaxed(&rcu_lazy_test1_cb_called, VAL == 1);
+
+		rcu_lazy_set_jiffies_till_flush(orig_jif);
+
+		if (WARN_ON_ONCE(jiffies_at_lazy_cb - jif_start < 2 * HZ)) {
+			pr_alert("ERROR: call_rcu() CBs are not being lazy as expected!\n");
+			WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		if (WARN_ON_ONCE(jiffies_at_lazy_cb - jif_start > 3 * HZ)) {
+			pr_alert("ERROR: call_rcu() CBs are being too lazy!\n");
+			WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
 
 	kfree_nrealthreads = compute_real(kfree_nthreads);
 	/* Start up the kthreads. */
@@ -784,7 +845,9 @@ kfree_scale_init(void)
 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
 	}
 
-	pr_alert("kfree object size=%zu\n", kfree_mult * sizeof(struct kfree_obj));
+	pr_alert("kfree object size=%zu, kfree_by_call_rcu=%d\n",
+			kfree_mult * sizeof(struct kfree_obj),
+			kfree_by_call_rcu);
 
 	kfree_reader_tasks = kcalloc(kfree_nrealthreads, sizeof(kfree_reader_tasks[0]),
 			       GFP_KERNEL);

kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c

@@ -357,6 +357,10 @@ struct rcu_torture_ops {
 	bool (*poll_gp_state_exp)(unsigned long oldstate);
 	void (*cond_sync_exp)(unsigned long oldstate);
 	void (*cond_sync_exp_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
+	unsigned long (*get_comp_state)(void);
+	void (*get_comp_state_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
+	bool (*same_gp_state)(unsigned long oldstate1, unsigned long oldstate2);
+	bool (*same_gp_state_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp1, struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp2);
 	unsigned long (*get_gp_state)(void);
 	void (*get_gp_state_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
 	unsigned long (*get_gp_completed)(void);
@@ -510,7 +514,7 @@ static unsigned long rcu_no_completed(void)
 
 static void rcu_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
 {
-	call_rcu(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
+	call_rcu_hurry(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
 }
 
 static void rcu_sync_torture_init(void)
@@ -535,6 +539,10 @@ static struct rcu_torture_ops rcu_ops = {
 	.deferred_free		= rcu_torture_deferred_free,
 	.sync			= synchronize_rcu,
 	.exp_sync		= synchronize_rcu_expedited,
+	.same_gp_state		= same_state_synchronize_rcu,
+	.same_gp_state_full	= same_state_synchronize_rcu_full,
+	.get_comp_state		= get_completed_synchronize_rcu,
+	.get_comp_state_full	= get_completed_synchronize_rcu_full,
 	.get_gp_state		= get_state_synchronize_rcu,
 	.get_gp_state_full	= get_state_synchronize_rcu_full,
 	.get_gp_completed	= get_completed_synchronize_rcu,
@@ -551,7 +559,7 @@ static struct rcu_torture_ops rcu_ops = {
 	.start_gp_poll_exp_full	= start_poll_synchronize_rcu_expedited_full,
 	.poll_gp_state_exp	= poll_state_synchronize_rcu,
 	.cond_sync_exp		= cond_synchronize_rcu_expedited,
-	.call			= call_rcu,
+	.call			= call_rcu_hurry,
 	.cb_barrier		= rcu_barrier,
 	.fqs			= rcu_force_quiescent_state,
 	.stats			= NULL,
@@ -615,10 +623,14 @@ static struct rcu_torture_ops rcu_busted_ops = {
 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu_ctl);
 static struct srcu_struct srcu_ctld;
 static struct srcu_struct *srcu_ctlp = &srcu_ctl;
+static struct rcu_torture_ops srcud_ops;
 
 static int srcu_torture_read_lock(void) __acquires(srcu_ctlp)
 {
-	return srcu_read_lock(srcu_ctlp);
+	if (cur_ops == &srcud_ops)
+		return srcu_read_lock_nmisafe(srcu_ctlp);
+	else
+		return srcu_read_lock(srcu_ctlp);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -642,7 +654,10 @@ srcu_read_delay(struct torture_random_state *rrsp, struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp)
 
 static void srcu_torture_read_unlock(int idx) __releases(srcu_ctlp)
 {
-	srcu_read_unlock(srcu_ctlp, idx);
+	if (cur_ops == &srcud_ops)
+		srcu_read_unlock_nmisafe(srcu_ctlp, idx);
+	else
+		srcu_read_unlock(srcu_ctlp, idx);
 }
 
 static int torture_srcu_read_lock_held(void)
@@ -848,7 +863,7 @@ static void rcu_tasks_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
 
 static void synchronize_rcu_mult_test(void)
 {
-	synchronize_rcu_mult(call_rcu_tasks, call_rcu);
+	synchronize_rcu_mult(call_rcu_tasks, call_rcu_hurry);
 }
 
 static struct rcu_torture_ops tasks_ops = {
@@ -1258,13 +1273,15 @@ static void rcu_torture_write_types(void)
 	} else if (gp_normal && !cur_ops->deferred_free) {
 		pr_alert("%s: gp_normal without primitives.\n", __func__);
 	}
-	if (gp_poll1 && cur_ops->start_gp_poll && cur_ops->poll_gp_state) {
+	if (gp_poll1 && cur_ops->get_comp_state && cur_ops->same_gp_state &&
+	    cur_ops->start_gp_poll && cur_ops->poll_gp_state) {
 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_POLL_GET;
 		pr_info("%s: Testing polling GPs.\n", __func__);
 	} else if (gp_poll && (!cur_ops->start_gp_poll || !cur_ops->poll_gp_state)) {
 		pr_alert("%s: gp_poll without primitives.\n", __func__);
 	}
-	if (gp_poll_full1 && cur_ops->start_gp_poll_full && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full) {
+	if (gp_poll_full1 && cur_ops->get_comp_state_full && cur_ops->same_gp_state_full
+	    && cur_ops->start_gp_poll_full && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full) {
 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_POLL_GET_FULL;
 		pr_info("%s: Testing polling full-state GPs.\n", __func__);
 	} else if (gp_poll_full && (!cur_ops->start_gp_poll_full || !cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full)) {
@@ -1339,14 +1356,18 @@ rcu_torture_writer(void *arg)
 	struct rcu_gp_oldstate cookie_full;
 	int expediting = 0;
 	unsigned long gp_snap;
+	unsigned long gp_snap1;
 	struct rcu_gp_oldstate gp_snap_full;
+	struct rcu_gp_oldstate gp_snap1_full;
 	int i;
 	int idx;
 	int oldnice = task_nice(current);
+	struct rcu_gp_oldstate rgo[NUM_ACTIVE_RCU_POLL_FULL_OLDSTATE];
 	struct rcu_torture *rp;
 	struct rcu_torture *old_rp;
 	static DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
 	bool stutter_waited;
+	unsigned long ulo[NUM_ACTIVE_RCU_POLL_OLDSTATE];
 
 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_writer task started");
 	if (!can_expedite)
@@ -1463,20 +1484,43 @@ rcu_torture_writer(void *arg)
 				break;
 			case RTWS_POLL_GET:
 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_GET;
+				for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(ulo); i++)
+					ulo[i] = cur_ops->get_comp_state();
 				gp_snap = cur_ops->start_gp_poll();
 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_WAIT;
-				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_snap))
+				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_snap)) {
+					gp_snap1 = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
+					for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(ulo); i++)
+						if (cur_ops->poll_gp_state(ulo[i]) ||
+						    cur_ops->same_gp_state(ulo[i], gp_snap1)) {
+							ulo[i] = gp_snap1;
+							break;
+						}
+					WARN_ON_ONCE(i >= ARRAY_SIZE(ulo));
 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
 								  &rand);
+				}
 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
 				break;
 			case RTWS_POLL_GET_FULL:
 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_GET_FULL;
+				for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rgo); i++)
+					cur_ops->get_comp_state_full(&rgo[i]);
 				cur_ops->start_gp_poll_full(&gp_snap_full);
 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_WAIT_FULL;
-				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full))
+				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full)) {
+					cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&gp_snap1_full);
+					for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rgo); i++)
+						if (cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&rgo[i]) ||
+						    cur_ops->same_gp_state_full(&rgo[i],
+										&gp_snap1_full)) {
+							rgo[i] = gp_snap1_full;
+							break;
+						}
+					WARN_ON_ONCE(i >= ARRAY_SIZE(rgo));
 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
 								  &rand);
+				}
 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
 				break;
 			case RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP:
@@ -3388,13 +3432,13 @@ static void rcu_test_debug_objects(void)
 	/* Try to queue the rh2 pair of callbacks for the same grace period. */
 	preempt_disable(); /* Prevent preemption from interrupting test. */
 	rcu_read_lock(); /* Make it impossible to finish a grace period. */
-	call_rcu(&rh1, rcu_torture_leak_cb); /* Start grace period. */
+	call_rcu_hurry(&rh1, rcu_torture_leak_cb); /* Start grace period. */
 	local_irq_disable(); /* Make it harder to start a new grace period. */
-	call_rcu(&rh2, rcu_torture_leak_cb);
-	call_rcu(&rh2, rcu_torture_err_cb); /* Duplicate callback. */
+	call_rcu_hurry(&rh2, rcu_torture_leak_cb);
+	call_rcu_hurry(&rh2, rcu_torture_err_cb); /* Duplicate callback. */
 	if (rhp) {
-		call_rcu(rhp, rcu_torture_leak_cb);
-		call_rcu(rhp, rcu_torture_err_cb); /* Another duplicate callback. */
+		call_rcu_hurry(rhp, rcu_torture_leak_cb);
+		call_rcu_hurry(rhp, rcu_torture_err_cb); /* Another duplicate callback. */
 	}
 	local_irq_enable();
 	rcu_read_unlock();

kernel/rcu/srcutree.c

@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ static unsigned long srcu_readers_lock_idx(struct srcu_struct *ssp, int idx)
 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
 		struct srcu_data *cpuc = per_cpu_ptr(ssp->sda, cpu);
 
-		sum += READ_ONCE(cpuc->srcu_lock_count[idx]);
+		sum += atomic_long_read(&cpuc->srcu_lock_count[idx]);
 	}
 	return sum;
 }
@@ -429,13 +429,18 @@ static unsigned long srcu_readers_lock_idx(struct srcu_struct *ssp, int idx)
 static unsigned long srcu_readers_unlock_idx(struct srcu_struct *ssp, int idx)
 {
 	int cpu;
+	unsigned long mask = 0;
 	unsigned long sum = 0;
 
 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
 		struct srcu_data *cpuc = per_cpu_ptr(ssp->sda, cpu);
 
-		sum += READ_ONCE(cpuc->srcu_unlock_count[idx]);
+		sum += atomic_long_read(&cpuc->srcu_unlock_count[idx]);
+		if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PROVE_RCU))
+			mask = mask | READ_ONCE(cpuc->srcu_nmi_safety);
 	}
+	WARN_ONCE(IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PROVE_RCU) && (mask & (mask >> 1)),
+		  "Mixed NMI-safe readers for srcu_struct at %ps.\n", ssp);
 	return sum;
 }
 
@@ -503,10 +508,10 @@ static bool srcu_readers_active(struct srcu_struct *ssp)
 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
 		struct srcu_data *cpuc = per_cpu_ptr(ssp->sda, cpu);
 
-		sum += READ_ONCE(cpuc->srcu_lock_count[0]);
-		sum += READ_ONCE(cpuc->srcu_lock_count[1]);
-		sum -= READ_ONCE(cpuc->srcu_unlock_count[0]);
-		sum -= READ_ONCE(cpuc->srcu_unlock_count[1]);
+		sum += atomic_long_read(&cpuc->srcu_lock_count[0]);
+		sum += atomic_long_read(&cpuc->srcu_lock_count[1]);
+		sum -= atomic_long_read(&cpuc->srcu_unlock_count[0]);
+		sum -= atomic_long_read(&cpuc->srcu_unlock_count[1]);
 	}
 	return sum;
 }
@@ -626,6 +631,29 @@ void cleanup_srcu_struct(struct srcu_struct *ssp)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cleanup_srcu_struct);
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU
+/*
+ * Check for consistent NMI safety.
+ */
+void srcu_check_nmi_safety(struct srcu_struct *ssp, bool nmi_safe)
+{
+	int nmi_safe_mask = 1 << nmi_safe;
+	int old_nmi_safe_mask;
+	struct srcu_data *sdp;
+
+	/* NMI-unsafe use in NMI is a bad sign */
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(!nmi_safe && in_nmi());
+	sdp = raw_cpu_ptr(ssp->sda);
+	old_nmi_safe_mask = READ_ONCE(sdp->srcu_nmi_safety);
+	if (!old_nmi_safe_mask) {
+		WRITE_ONCE(sdp->srcu_nmi_safety, nmi_safe_mask);
+		return;
+	}
+	WARN_ONCE(old_nmi_safe_mask != nmi_safe_mask, "CPU %d old state %d new state %d\n", sdp->cpu, old_nmi_safe_mask, nmi_safe_mask);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(srcu_check_nmi_safety);
+#endif /* CONFIG_PROVE_RCU */
+
 /*
  * Counts the new reader in the appropriate per-CPU element of the
  * srcu_struct.
@@ -636,7 +664,7 @@ int __srcu_read_lock(struct srcu_struct *ssp)
 	int idx;
 
 	idx = READ_ONCE(ssp->srcu_idx) & 0x1;
-	this_cpu_inc(ssp->sda->srcu_lock_count[idx]);
+	this_cpu_inc(ssp->sda->srcu_lock_count[idx].counter);
 	smp_mb(); /* B */  /* Avoid leaking the critical section. */
 	return idx;
 }
@@ -650,10 +678,45 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__srcu_read_lock);
 void __srcu_read_unlock(struct srcu_struct *ssp, int idx)
 {
 	smp_mb(); /* C */  /* Avoid leaking the critical section. */
-	this_cpu_inc(ssp->sda->srcu_unlock_count[idx]);
+	this_cpu_inc(ssp->sda->srcu_unlock_count[idx].counter);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__srcu_read_unlock);
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_NEED_SRCU_NMI_SAFE
+
+/*
+ * Counts the new reader in the appropriate per-CPU element of the
+ * srcu_struct, but in an NMI-safe manner using RMW atomics.
+ * Returns an index that must be passed to the matching srcu_read_unlock().
+ */
+int __srcu_read_lock_nmisafe(struct srcu_struct *ssp)
+{
+	int idx;
+	struct srcu_data *sdp = raw_cpu_ptr(ssp->sda);
+
+	idx = READ_ONCE(ssp->srcu_idx) & 0x1;
+	atomic_long_inc(&sdp->srcu_lock_count[idx]);
+	smp_mb__after_atomic(); /* B */  /* Avoid leaking the critical section. */
+	return idx;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__srcu_read_lock_nmisafe);
+
+/*
+ * Removes the count for the old reader from the appropriate per-CPU
+ * element of the srcu_struct.  Note that this may well be a different
+ * CPU than that which was incremented by the corresponding srcu_read_lock().
+ */
+void __srcu_read_unlock_nmisafe(struct srcu_struct *ssp, int idx)
+{
+	struct srcu_data *sdp = raw_cpu_ptr(ssp->sda);
+
+	smp_mb__before_atomic(); /* C */  /* Avoid leaking the critical section. */
+	atomic_long_inc(&sdp->srcu_unlock_count[idx]);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__srcu_read_unlock_nmisafe);
+
+#endif // CONFIG_NEED_SRCU_NMI_SAFE
+
 /*
  * Start an SRCU grace period.
  */
@@ -1090,7 +1153,12 @@ static unsigned long srcu_gp_start_if_needed(struct srcu_struct *ssp,
 	int ss_state;
 
 	check_init_srcu_struct(ssp);
-	idx = srcu_read_lock(ssp);
+	/*
+	 * While starting a new grace period, make sure we are in an
+	 * SRCU read-side critical section so that the grace-period
+	 * sequence number cannot wrap around in the meantime.
+	 */
+	idx = __srcu_read_lock_nmisafe(ssp);
 	ss_state = smp_load_acquire(&ssp->srcu_size_state);
 	if (ss_state < SRCU_SIZE_WAIT_CALL)
 		sdp = per_cpu_ptr(ssp->sda, 0);
@@ -1123,7 +1191,7 @@ static unsigned long srcu_gp_start_if_needed(struct srcu_struct *ssp,
 		srcu_funnel_gp_start(ssp, sdp, s, do_norm);
 	else if (needexp)
 		srcu_funnel_exp_start(ssp, sdp_mynode, s);
-	srcu_read_unlock(ssp, idx);
+	__srcu_read_unlock_nmisafe(ssp, idx);
 	return s;
 }
 
@@ -1427,13 +1495,13 @@ void srcu_barrier(struct srcu_struct *ssp)
 	/* Initial count prevents reaching zero until all CBs are posted. */
 	atomic_set(&ssp->srcu_barrier_cpu_cnt, 1);
 
-	idx = srcu_read_lock(ssp);
+	idx = __srcu_read_lock_nmisafe(ssp);
 	if (smp_load_acquire(&ssp->srcu_size_state) < SRCU_SIZE_WAIT_BARRIER)
 		srcu_barrier_one_cpu(ssp, per_cpu_ptr(ssp->sda, 0));
 	else
 		for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
 			srcu_barrier_one_cpu(ssp, per_cpu_ptr(ssp->sda, cpu));
-	srcu_read_unlock(ssp, idx);
+	__srcu_read_unlock_nmisafe(ssp, idx);
 
 	/* Remove the initial count, at which point reaching zero can happen. */
 	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&ssp->srcu_barrier_cpu_cnt))
@@ -1687,8 +1755,8 @@ void srcu_torture_stats_print(struct srcu_struct *ssp, char *tt, char *tf)
 			struct srcu_data *sdp;
 
 			sdp = per_cpu_ptr(ssp->sda, cpu);
-			u0 = data_race(sdp->srcu_unlock_count[!idx]);
-			u1 = data_race(sdp->srcu_unlock_count[idx]);
+			u0 = data_race(atomic_long_read(&sdp->srcu_unlock_count[!idx]));
+			u1 = data_race(atomic_long_read(&sdp->srcu_unlock_count[idx]));
 
 			/*
 			 * Make sure that a lock is always counted if the corresponding
@@ -1696,8 +1764,8 @@ void srcu_torture_stats_print(struct srcu_struct *ssp, char *tt, char *tf)
 			 */
 			smp_rmb();
 
-			l0 = data_race(sdp->srcu_lock_count[!idx]);
-			l1 = data_race(sdp->srcu_lock_count[idx]);
+			l0 = data_race(atomic_long_read(&sdp->srcu_lock_count[!idx]));
+			l1 = data_race(atomic_long_read(&sdp->srcu_lock_count[idx]));
 
 			c0 = l0 - u0;
 			c1 = l1 - u1;

kernel/rcu/sync.c

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ static void rcu_sync_func(struct rcu_head *rhp);
 
 static void rcu_sync_call(struct rcu_sync *rsp)
 {
-	call_rcu(&rsp->cb_head, rcu_sync_func);
+	call_rcu_hurry(&rsp->cb_head, rcu_sync_func);
 }
 
 /**

kernel/rcu/tasks.h

@@ -728,7 +728,7 @@ static void rcu_tasks_wait_gp(struct rcu_tasks *rtp)
 		if (rtsi > 0 && !reported && time_after(j, lastinfo + rtsi)) {
 			lastinfo = j;
 			rtsi = rtsi * rcu_task_stall_info_mult;
-			pr_info("%s: %s grace period %lu is %lu jiffies old.\n",
+			pr_info("%s: %s grace period number %lu (since boot) is %lu jiffies old.\n",
 				__func__, rtp->kname, rtp->tasks_gp_seq, j - rtp->gp_start);
 		}
 	}

kernel/rcu/tiny.c

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ static struct rcu_ctrlblk rcu_ctrlblk = {
 
 void rcu_barrier(void)
 {
-	wait_rcu_gp(call_rcu);
+	wait_rcu_gp(call_rcu_hurry);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(rcu_barrier);
 

kernel/rcu/tree.h

@@ -263,14 +263,16 @@ struct rcu_data {
 	unsigned long last_fqs_resched;	/* Time of last rcu_resched(). */
 	unsigned long last_sched_clock;	/* Jiffies of last rcu_sched_clock_irq(). */
 
+	long lazy_len;			/* Length of buffered lazy callbacks. */
 	int cpu;
 };
 
 /* Values for nocb_defer_wakeup field in struct rcu_data. */
 #define RCU_NOCB_WAKE_NOT	0
 #define RCU_NOCB_WAKE_BYPASS	1
-#define RCU_NOCB_WAKE		2
-#define RCU_NOCB_WAKE_FORCE	3
+#define RCU_NOCB_WAKE_LAZY	2
+#define RCU_NOCB_WAKE		3
+#define RCU_NOCB_WAKE_FORCE	4
 
 #define RCU_JIFFIES_TILL_FORCE_QS (1 + (HZ > 250) + (HZ > 500))
 					/* For jiffies_till_first_fqs and */
@@ -439,10 +441,12 @@ static void zero_cpu_stall_ticks(struct rcu_data *rdp);
 static struct swait_queue_head *rcu_nocb_gp_get(struct rcu_node *rnp);
 static void rcu_nocb_gp_cleanup(struct swait_queue_head *sq);
 static void rcu_init_one_nocb(struct rcu_node *rnp);
+static bool wake_nocb_gp(struct rcu_data *rdp, bool force);
 static bool rcu_nocb_flush_bypass(struct rcu_data *rdp, struct rcu_head *rhp,
-				  unsigned long j);
+				  unsigned long j, bool lazy);
 static bool rcu_nocb_try_bypass(struct rcu_data *rdp, struct rcu_head *rhp,
-				bool *was_alldone, unsigned long flags);
+				bool *was_alldone, unsigned long flags,
+				bool lazy);
 static void __call_rcu_nocb_wake(struct rcu_data *rdp, bool was_empty,
 				 unsigned long flags);
 static int rcu_nocb_need_deferred_wakeup(struct rcu_data *rdp, int level);

kernel/rcu/tree_exp.h

@@ -937,7 +937,7 @@ void synchronize_rcu_expedited(void)
 
 	/* If expedited grace periods are prohibited, fall back to normal. */
 	if (rcu_gp_is_normal()) {
-		wait_rcu_gp(call_rcu);
+		wait_rcu_gp(call_rcu_hurry);
 		return;
 	}
 

kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h

@@ -1221,11 +1221,13 @@ static void rcu_spawn_one_boost_kthread(struct rcu_node *rnp)
  * We don't include outgoingcpu in the affinity set, use -1 if there is
  * no outgoing CPU.  If there are no CPUs left in the affinity set,
  * this function allows the kthread to execute on any CPU.
+ *
+ * Any future concurrent calls are serialized via ->boost_kthread_mutex.
  */
 static void rcu_boost_kthread_setaffinity(struct rcu_node *rnp, int outgoingcpu)
 {
 	struct task_struct *t = rnp->boost_kthread_task;
-	unsigned long mask = rcu_rnp_online_cpus(rnp);
+	unsigned long mask;
 	cpumask_var_t cm;
 	int cpu;
 
@@ -1234,6 +1236,7 @@ static void rcu_boost_kthread_setaffinity(struct rcu_node *rnp, int outgoingcpu)
 	if (!zalloc_cpumask_var(&cm, GFP_KERNEL))
 		return;
 	mutex_lock(&rnp->boost_kthread_mutex);
+	mask = rcu_rnp_online_cpus(rnp);
 	for_each_leaf_node_possible_cpu(rnp, cpu)
 		if ((mask & leaf_node_cpu_bit(rnp, cpu)) &&
 		    cpu != outgoingcpu)

kernel/workqueue.c

@@ -1771,7 +1771,7 @@ bool queue_rcu_work(struct workqueue_struct *wq, struct rcu_work *rwork)
 
 	if (!test_and_set_bit(WORK_STRUCT_PENDING_BIT, work_data_bits(work))) {
 		rwork->wq = wq;
-		call_rcu(&rwork->rcu, rcu_work_rcufn);
+		call_rcu_hurry(&rwork->rcu, rcu_work_rcufn);
 		return true;
 	}
 

lib/percpu-refcount.c

@@ -230,7 +230,8 @@ static void __percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic(struct percpu_ref *ref,
 		percpu_ref_noop_confirm_switch;
 
 	percpu_ref_get(ref);	/* put after confirmation */
-	call_rcu(&ref->data->rcu, percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_rcu);
+	call_rcu_hurry(&ref->data->rcu,
+		       percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_rcu);
 }
 
 static void __percpu_ref_switch_to_percpu(struct percpu_ref *ref)

net/core/dst.c

@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ void dst_release(struct dst_entry *dst)
 			net_warn_ratelimited("%s: dst:%p refcnt:%d\n",
 					     __func__, dst, newrefcnt);
 		if (!newrefcnt)
-			call_rcu(&dst->rcu_head, dst_destroy_rcu);
+			call_rcu_hurry(&dst->rcu_head, dst_destroy_rcu);
 	}
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(dst_release);

net/ipv4/devinet.c

@@ -234,13 +234,20 @@ static void inet_free_ifa(struct in_ifaddr *ifa)
 	call_rcu(&ifa->rcu_head, inet_rcu_free_ifa);
 }
 
+static void in_dev_free_rcu(struct rcu_head *head)
+{
+	struct in_device *idev = container_of(head, struct in_device, rcu_head);
+
+	kfree(rcu_dereference_protected(idev->mc_hash, 1));
+	kfree(idev);
+}
+
 void in_dev_finish_destroy(struct in_device *idev)
 {
 	struct net_device *dev = idev->dev;
 
 	WARN_ON(idev->ifa_list);
 	WARN_ON(idev->mc_list);
-	kfree(rcu_dereference_protected(idev->mc_hash, 1));
 #ifdef NET_REFCNT_DEBUG
 	pr_debug("%s: %p=%s\n", __func__, idev, dev ? dev->name : "NIL");
 #endif
@@ -248,7 +255,7 @@ void in_dev_finish_destroy(struct in_device *idev)
 	if (!idev->dead)
 		pr_err("Freeing alive in_device %p\n", idev);
 	else
-		kfree(idev);
+		call_rcu(&idev->rcu_head, in_dev_free_rcu);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(in_dev_finish_destroy);
 
@@ -298,12 +305,6 @@ static struct in_device *inetdev_init(struct net_device *dev)
 	goto out;
 }
 
-static void in_dev_rcu_put(struct rcu_head *head)
-{
-	struct in_device *idev = container_of(head, struct in_device, rcu_head);
-	in_dev_put(idev);
-}
-
 static void inetdev_destroy(struct in_device *in_dev)
 {
 	struct net_device *dev;
@@ -328,7 +329,7 @@ static void inetdev_destroy(struct in_device *in_dev)
 	neigh_parms_release(&arp_tbl, in_dev->arp_parms);
 	arp_ifdown(dev);
 
-	call_rcu(&in_dev->rcu_head, in_dev_rcu_put);
+	in_dev_put(in_dev);
 }
 
 int inet_addr_onlink(struct in_device *in_dev, __be32 a, __be32 b)

tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/config2csv.sh

@@ -30,9 +30,8 @@ else
 fi
 scenarios="`echo $scenariosarg | sed -e "s/\<CFLIST\>/$defaultconfigs/g"`"
 
-T=/tmp/config2latex.sh.$$
+T=`mktemp -d /tmp/config2latex.sh.XXXXXX`
 trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
-mkdir $T
 
 cat << '---EOF---' >> $T/p.awk
 END	{

tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/config_override.sh

@@ -29,9 +29,8 @@ else
 	exit 1
 fi
 
-T=${TMPDIR-/tmp}/config_override.sh.$$
+T="`mktemp -d ${TMPDIR-/tmp}/config_override.sh.XXXXXX`"
 trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
-mkdir $T
 
 sed < $override -e 's/^/grep -v "/' -e 's/=.*$/="/' |
 	awk '

tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/configcheck.sh

@@ -7,9 +7,8 @@
 #
 # Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
 
-T=${TMPDIR-/tmp}/abat-chk-config.sh.$$
+T="`mktemp -d ${TMPDIR-/tmp}/configcheck.sh.XXXXXX`"
 trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
-mkdir $T
 
 cat $1 > $T/.config
 

tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/configinit.sh

@@ -15,9 +15,8 @@
 #
 # Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
 
-T=${TMPDIR-/tmp}/configinit.sh.$$
+T="`mktemp -d ${TMPDIR-/tmp}/configinit.sh.XXXXXX`"
 trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
-mkdir $T
 
 # Capture config spec file.
 

tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-again.sh

@@ -12,9 +12,8 @@
 scriptname=$0
 args="$*"
 
-T=${TMPDIR-/tmp}/kvm-again.sh.$$
+T="`mktemp -d ${TMPDIR-/tmp}/kvm-again.sh.XXXXXX`"
 trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
-mkdir $T
 
 if ! test -d tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin
 then
@@ -51,27 +50,56 @@ RCUTORTURE="`pwd`/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture"; export RCUTORTURE
 PATH=${RCUTORTURE}/bin:$PATH; export PATH
 . functions.sh
 
+bootargs=
 dryrun=
 dur=
 default_link="cp -R"
-rundir="`pwd`/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/res/`date +%Y.%m.%d-%H.%M.%S-again`"
+resdir="`pwd`/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/res"
+rundir="$resdir/`date +%Y.%m.%d-%H.%M.%S-again`"
+got_datestamp=
+got_rundir=
 
 startdate="`date`"
 starttime="`get_starttime`"
 
 usage () {
 	echo "Usage: $scriptname $oldrun [ arguments ]:"
+	echo "       --bootargs kernel-boot-arguments"
+	echo "       --datestamp string"
 	echo "       --dryrun"
 	echo "       --duration minutes | <seconds>s | <hours>h | <days>d"
 	echo "       --link hard|soft|copy"
 	echo "       --remote"
 	echo "       --rundir /new/res/path"
+	echo "Command line: $scriptname $args"
 	exit 1
 }
 
 while test $# -gt 0
 do
 	case "$1" in
+	--bootargs|--bootarg)
+		checkarg --bootargs "(list of kernel boot arguments)" "$#" "$2" '.*' '^--'
+		bootargs="$bootargs $2"
+		shift
+		;;
+	--datestamp)
+		checkarg --datestamp "(relative pathname)" "$#" "$2" '^[a-zA-Z0-9._/-]*$' '^--'
+		if test -n "$got_rundir" || test -n "$got_datestamp"
+		then
+			echo Only one of --datestamp or --rundir may be specified
+			usage
+		fi
+		got_datestamp=y
+		ds=$2
+		rundir="$resdir/$ds"
+		if test -e "$rundir"
+		then
+			echo "--datestamp $2: Already exists."
+			usage
+		fi
+		shift
+		;;
 	--dryrun)
 		dryrun=1
 		;;
@@ -113,6 +141,12 @@ do
 		;;
 	--rundir)
 		checkarg --rundir "(absolute pathname)" "$#" "$2" '^/' '^error'
+		if test -n "$got_rundir" || test -n "$got_datestamp"
+		then
+			echo Only one of --datestamp or --rundir may be specified
+			usage
+		fi
+		got_rundir=y
 		rundir=$2
 		if test -e "$rundir"
 		then
@@ -122,8 +156,11 @@ do
 		shift
 		;;
 	*)
-		echo Unknown argument $1
-		usage
+		if test -n "$1"
+		then
+			echo Unknown argument $1
+			usage
+		fi
 		;;
 	esac
 	shift
@@ -156,7 +193,7 @@ do
 	qemu_cmd_dir="`dirname "$i"`"
 	kernel_dir="`echo $qemu_cmd_dir | sed -e 's/\.[0-9]\+$//'`"
 	jitter_dir="`dirname "$kernel_dir"`"
-	kvm-transform.sh "$kernel_dir/bzImage" "$qemu_cmd_dir/console.log" "$jitter_dir" $dur < $T/qemu-cmd > $i
+	kvm-transform.sh "$kernel_dir/bzImage" "$qemu_cmd_dir/console.log" "$jitter_dir" $dur "$bootargs" < $T/qemu-cmd > $i
 	if test -n "$arg_remote"
 	then
 		echo "# TORTURE_KCONFIG_GDB_ARG=''" >> $i

tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-assign-cpus.sh

@@ -7,9 +7,8 @@
 #
 # Usage: kvm-assign-cpus.sh /path/to/sysfs
 
-T=/tmp/kvm-assign-cpus.sh.$$
+T="`mktemp -d ${TMPDIR-/tmp}/kvm-assign-cpus.sh.XXXXXX`"
 trap 'rm -rf $T' 0 2
-mkdir $T
 
 sysfsdir=${1-/sys/devices/system/node}
 if ! cd "$sysfsdir" > $T/msg 2>&1

tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-build.sh

@@ -23,9 +23,8 @@ then
 fi
 resdir=${2}
 
-T=${TMPDIR-/tmp}/test-linux.sh.$$
+T="`mktemp -d ${TMPDIR-/tmp}/kvm-build.sh.XXXXXX`"
 trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
-mkdir $T
 
 cp ${config_template} $T/config
 cat << ___EOF___ >> $T/config

tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-end-run-stats.sh

@@ -18,9 +18,8 @@ then
 	exit 1
 fi
 
-T=${TMPDIR-/tmp}/kvm-end-run-stats.sh.$$
+T="`mktemp -d ${TMPDIR-/tmp}/kvm-end-run-stats.sh.XXXXXX`"
 trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
-mkdir $T
 
 RCUTORTURE="`pwd`/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture"; export RCUTORTURE
 PATH=${RCUTORTURE}/bin:$PATH; export PATH

tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-recheck.sh

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ do
 			resdir=`echo $i | sed -e 's,/$,,' -e 's,/[^/]*$,,'`
 			head -1 $resdir/log
 		fi
-		TORTURE_SUITE="`cat $i/../torture_suite`"
+		TORTURE_SUITE="`cat $i/../torture_suite`" ; export TORTURE_SUITE
 		configfile=`echo $i | sed -e 's,^.*/,,'`
 		rm -f $i/console.log.*.diags
 		case "${TORTURE_SUITE}" in

tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-remote.sh

@@ -34,19 +34,18 @@ fi
 shift
 
 # Pathnames:
-# T:	  /tmp/kvm-remote.sh.$$
-# resdir: /tmp/kvm-remote.sh.$$/res
-# rundir: /tmp/kvm-remote.sh.$$/res/$ds ("-remote" suffix)
+# T:	  /tmp/kvm-remote.sh.NNNNNN where "NNNNNN" is set by mktemp
+# resdir: /tmp/kvm-remote.sh.NNNNNN/res
+# rundir: /tmp/kvm-remote.sh.NNNNNN/res/$ds ("-remote" suffix)
 # oldrun: `pwd`/tools/testing/.../res/$otherds
 #
 # Pathname segments:
-# TD:	  kvm-remote.sh.$$
+# TD:	  kvm-remote.sh.NNNNNN
 # ds:	  yyyy.mm.dd-hh.mm.ss-remote
 
-TD=kvm-remote.sh.$$
-T=${TMPDIR-/tmp}/$TD
+T="`mktemp -d ${TMPDIR-/tmp}/kvm-remote.sh.XXXXXX`"
 trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
-mkdir $T
+TD="`basename "$T"`"
 
 resdir="$T/res"
 ds=`date +%Y.%m.%d-%H.%M.%S`-remote

tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-test-1-run-batch.sh

@@ -13,9 +13,8 @@
 #
 # Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
 
-T=${TMPDIR-/tmp}/kvm-test-1-run-batch.sh.$$
+T="`mktemp -d ${TMPDIR-/tmp}/kvm-test-1-run-batch.sh.XXXXXX`"
 trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
-mkdir $T
 
 echo ---- Running batch $*
 # Check arguments

tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-test-1-run-qemu.sh

@@ -17,9 +17,8 @@
 #
 # Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
 
-T=${TMPDIR-/tmp}/kvm-test-1-run-qemu.sh.$$
+T="`mktemp -d ${TMPDIR-/tmp}/kvm-test-1-run-qemu.sh.XXXXXX`"
 trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
-mkdir $T
 
 resdir="$1"
 if ! test -d "$resdir"
@@ -109,7 +108,7 @@ do
 		if test $kruntime -lt $seconds
 		then
 			echo Completed in $kruntime vs. $seconds >> $resdir/Warnings 2>&1
-			grep "^(qemu) qemu:" $resdir/kvm-test-1-run.sh.out >> $resdir/Warnings 2>&1
+			grep "^(qemu) qemu:" $resdir/kvm-test-1-run*.sh.out >> $resdir/Warnings 2>&1
 			killpid="`sed -n "s/^(qemu) qemu: terminating on signal [0-9]* from pid \([0-9]*\).*$/\1/p" $resdir/Warnings`"
 			if test -n "$killpid"
 			then

tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-test-1-run.sh

@@ -25,9 +25,8 @@
 #
 # Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
 
-T=${TMPDIR-/tmp}/kvm-test-1-run.sh.$$
+T="`mktemp -d ${TMPDIR-/tmp}/kvm-test-1-run.sh.XXXXXX`"
 trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
-mkdir $T
 
 . functions.sh
 . $CONFIGFRAG/ver_functions.sh

tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-transform.sh

@@ -3,10 +3,14 @@
 #
 # Transform a qemu-cmd file to allow reuse.
 #
-# Usage: kvm-transform.sh bzImage console.log jitter_dir [ seconds ] < qemu-cmd-in > qemu-cmd-out
+# Usage: kvm-transform.sh bzImage console.log jitter_dir seconds [ bootargs ] < qemu-cmd-in > qemu-cmd-out
 #
 #	bzImage: Kernel and initrd from the same prior kvm.sh run.
 #	console.log: File into which to place console output.
+#	jitter_dir: Jitter directory for TORTURE_JITTER_START and
+#		TORTURE_JITTER_STOP environment variables.
+#	seconds: Run duaration for *.shutdown_secs module parameter.
+#	bootargs: New kernel boot parameters.  Beware of Robert Tables.
 #
 # The original qemu-cmd file is provided on standard input.
 # The transformed qemu-cmd file is on standard output.
@@ -17,6 +21,9 @@
 #
 # Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
 
+T=`mktemp -d /tmp/kvm-transform.sh.XXXXXXXXXX`
+trap 'rm -rf $T' 0 2
+
 image="$1"
 if test -z "$image"
 then
@@ -41,9 +48,17 @@ then
 	echo "Invalid duration, should be numeric in seconds: '$seconds'"
 	exit 1
 fi
+bootargs="$5"
+
+# Build awk program.
+echo "BEGIN {" > $T/bootarg.awk
+echo $bootargs | tr -s ' ' '\012' |
+	awk -v dq='"' '/./ { print "\tbootarg[" NR "] = " dq $1 dq ";" }' >> $T/bootarg.awk
+echo $bootargs | tr -s ' ' '\012' | sed -e 's/=.*$//' |
+	awk -v dq='"' '/./ { print "\tbootpar[" NR "] = " dq $1 dq ";" }' >> $T/bootarg.awk
+cat >> $T/bootarg.awk << '___EOF___'
+}
 
-awk -v image="$image" -v consolelog="$consolelog" -v jitter_dir="$jitter_dir" \
-    -v seconds="$seconds" '
 /^# seconds=/ {
 	if (seconds == "")
 		print $0;
@@ -70,13 +85,7 @@ awk -v image="$image" -v consolelog="$consolelog" -v jitter_dir="$jitter_dir" \
 {
 	line = "";
 	for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) {
-		if ("" seconds != "" && $i ~ /\.shutdown_secs=[0-9]*$/) {
-			sub(/[0-9]*$/, seconds, $i);
-			if (line == "")
-				line = $i;
-			else
-				line = line " " $i;
-		} else if (line == "") {
+		if (line == "") {
 			line = $i;
 		} else {
 			line = line " " $i;
@@ -87,7 +96,44 @@ awk -v image="$image" -v consolelog="$consolelog" -v jitter_dir="$jitter_dir" \
 		} else if ($i == "-kernel") {
 			i++;
 			line = line " " image;
+		} else if ($i == "-append") {
+			for (i++; i <= NF; i++) {
+				arg = $i;
+				lq = "";
+				rq = "";
+				if ("" seconds != "" && $i ~ /\.shutdown_secs=[0-9]*$/)
+					sub(/[0-9]*$/, seconds, arg);
+				if (arg ~ /^"/) {
+					lq = substr(arg, 1, 1);
+					arg  = substr(arg, 2);
+				}
+				if (arg ~ /"$/) {
+					rq = substr(arg, length($i), 1);
+					arg = substr(arg, 1, length($i) - 1);
+				}
+				par = arg;
+				gsub(/=.*$/, "", par);
+				j = 1;
+				while (bootpar[j] != "") {
+					if (bootpar[j] == par) {
+						arg = "";
+						break;
+					}
+					j++;
+				}
+				if (line == "")
+					line = lq arg;
+				else
+					line = line " " lq arg;
+			}
+			for (j in bootarg)
+				line = line " " bootarg[j];
+			line = line rq;
 		}
 	}
 	print line;
-}'
+}
+___EOF___
+
+awk -v image="$image" -v consolelog="$consolelog" -v jitter_dir="$jitter_dir" \
+    -v seconds="$seconds" -f $T/bootarg.awk

tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm.sh

@@ -14,9 +14,8 @@
 scriptname=$0
 args="$*"
 
-T=${TMPDIR-/tmp}/kvm.sh.$$
+T="`mktemp -d ${TMPDIR-/tmp}/kvm.sh.XXXXXX`"
 trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
-mkdir $T
 
 cd `dirname $scriptname`/../../../../../
 

tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/parse-build.sh

@@ -15,9 +15,8 @@
 
 F=$1
 title=$2
-T=${TMPDIR-/tmp}/parse-build.sh.$$
+T="`mktemp -d ${TMPDIR-/tmp}/parse-build.sh.XXXXXX`"
 trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
-mkdir $T
 
 . functions.sh
 

tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/torture.sh

@@ -206,9 +206,8 @@ ds="`date +%Y.%m.%d-%H.%M.%S`-torture"
 startdate="`date`"
 starttime="`get_starttime`"
 
-T=/tmp/torture.sh.$$
+T="`mktemp -d ${TMPDIR-/tmp}/torture.sh.XXXXXX`"
 trap 'rm -rf $T' 0 2
-mkdir $T
 
 echo " --- " $scriptname $args | tee -a $T/log
 echo " --- Results directory: " $ds | tee -a $T/log
@@ -278,6 +277,8 @@ function torture_one {
 	then
 		cat $T/$curflavor.out | tee -a $T/log
 		echo retcode=$retcode | tee -a $T/log
+	else
+		echo $resdir > $T/last-resdir
 	fi
 	if test "$retcode" == 0
 	then
@@ -303,10 +304,12 @@ function torture_set {
 	shift
 	curflavor=$flavor
 	torture_one "$@"
+	mv $T/last-resdir $T/last-resdir-nodebug || :
 	if test "$do_kasan" = "yes"
 	then
 		curflavor=${flavor}-kasan
 		torture_one "$@" --kasan
+		mv $T/last-resdir $T/last-resdir-kasan || :
 	fi
 	if test "$do_kcsan" = "yes"
 	then
@@ -317,6 +320,7 @@ function torture_set {
 			cur_kcsan_kmake_args="$kcsan_kmake_args"
 		fi
 		torture_one "$@" --kconfig "CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC=y CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING=y" $kcsan_kmake_tag $cur_kcsan_kmake_args --kcsan
+		mv $T/last-resdir $T/last-resdir-kcsan || :
 	fi
 }
 
@@ -326,20 +330,34 @@ then
 	echo " --- allmodconfig:" Start `date` | tee -a $T/log
 	amcdir="tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/res/$ds/allmodconfig"
 	mkdir -p "$amcdir"
-	echo " --- make clean" > "$amcdir/Make.out" 2>&1
+	echo " --- make clean" | tee $amcdir/log > "$amcdir/Make.out" 2>&1
 	make -j$MAKE_ALLOTED_CPUS clean >> "$amcdir/Make.out" 2>&1
-	echo " --- make allmodconfig" >> "$amcdir/Make.out" 2>&1
-	cp .config $amcdir
-	make -j$MAKE_ALLOTED_CPUS allmodconfig >> "$amcdir/Make.out" 2>&1
-	echo " --- make " >> "$amcdir/Make.out" 2>&1
-	make -j$MAKE_ALLOTED_CPUS >> "$amcdir/Make.out" 2>&1
-	retcode="$?"
-	echo $retcode > "$amcdir/Make.exitcode"
-	if test "$retcode" == 0
+	retcode=$?
+	buildphase='"make clean"'
+	if test "$retcode" -eq 0
+	then
+		echo " --- make allmodconfig" | tee -a $amcdir/log >> "$amcdir/Make.out" 2>&1
+		cp .config $amcdir
+		make -j$MAKE_ALLOTED_CPUS allmodconfig >> "$amcdir/Make.out" 2>&1
+		retcode=$?
+		buildphase='"make allmodconfig"'
+	fi
+	if test "$retcode" -eq 0
+	then
+		echo " --- make " | tee -a $amcdir/log >> "$amcdir/Make.out" 2>&1
+		make -j$MAKE_ALLOTED_CPUS >> "$amcdir/Make.out" 2>&1
+		retcode="$?"
+		echo $retcode > "$amcdir/Make.exitcode"
+		buildphase='"make"'
+	fi
+	if test "$retcode" -eq 0
 	then
 		echo "allmodconfig($retcode)" $amcdir >> $T/successes
+		echo Success >> $amcdir/log
 	else
 		echo "allmodconfig($retcode)" $amcdir >> $T/failures
+		echo " --- allmodconfig Test summary:" >> $amcdir/log
+		echo " --- Summary: Exit code $retcode from $buildphase, see Make.out" >> $amcdir/log
 	fi
 fi
 
@@ -379,11 +397,48 @@ then
 else
 	primlist=
 fi
+firsttime=1
+do_kasan_save="$do_kasan"
+do_kcsan_save="$do_kcsan"
 for prim in $primlist
 do
-	torture_bootargs="refscale.scale_type="$prim" refscale.nreaders=$HALF_ALLOTED_CPUS refscale.loops=10000 refscale.holdoff=20 torture.disable_onoff_at_boot"
-	torture_set "refscale-$prim" tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm.sh --torture refscale --allcpus --duration 5 --kconfig "CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU=y CONFIG_NR_CPUS=$HALF_ALLOTED_CPUS" --bootargs "verbose_batched=$VERBOSE_BATCH_CPUS torture.verbose_sleep_frequency=8 torture.verbose_sleep_duration=$VERBOSE_BATCH_CPUS" --trust-make
+	if test -n "$firsttime"
+	then
+		torture_bootargs="refscale.scale_type="$prim" refscale.nreaders=$HALF_ALLOTED_CPUS refscale.loops=10000 refscale.holdoff=20 torture.disable_onoff_at_boot"
+		torture_set "refscale-$prim" tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm.sh --torture refscale --allcpus --duration 5 --kconfig "CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU=y CONFIG_NR_CPUS=$HALF_ALLOTED_CPUS" --bootargs "verbose_batched=$VERBOSE_BATCH_CPUS torture.verbose_sleep_frequency=8 torture.verbose_sleep_duration=$VERBOSE_BATCH_CPUS" --trust-make
+		mv $T/last-resdir-nodebug $T/first-resdir-nodebug || :
+		if test -f "$T/last-resdir-kasan"
+		then
+			mv $T/last-resdir-kasan $T/first-resdir-kasan || :
+		fi
+		if test -f "$T/last-resdir-kcsan"
+		then
+			mv $T/last-resdir-kcsan $T/first-resdir-kcsan || :
+		fi
+		firsttime=
+		do_kasan=
+		do_kcsan=
+	else
+		torture_bootargs=
+		for i in $T/first-resdir-*
+		do
+			case "$i" in
+			*-nodebug)
+				torture_suffix=
+				;;
+			*-kasan)
+				torture_suffix="-kasan"
+				;;
+			*-kcsan)
+				torture_suffix="-kcsan"
+				;;
+			esac
+			torture_set "refscale-$prim$torture_suffix" tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-again.sh "`cat "$i"`" --duration 5 --bootargs "refscale.scale_type=$prim"
+		done
+	fi
 done
+do_kasan="$do_kasan_save"
+do_kcsan="$do_kcsan_save"
 
 if test "$do_rcuscale" = yes
 then
@@ -391,11 +446,48 @@ then
 else
 	primlist=
 fi
+firsttime=1
+do_kasan_save="$do_kasan"
+do_kcsan_save="$do_kcsan"
 for prim in $primlist
 do
-	torture_bootargs="rcuscale.scale_type="$prim" rcuscale.nwriters=$HALF_ALLOTED_CPUS rcuscale.holdoff=20 torture.disable_onoff_at_boot"
-	torture_set "rcuscale-$prim" tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm.sh --torture rcuscale --allcpus --duration 5 --kconfig "CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU=y CONFIG_NR_CPUS=$HALF_ALLOTED_CPUS" --trust-make
+	if test -n "$firsttime"
+	then
+		torture_bootargs="rcuscale.scale_type="$prim" rcuscale.nwriters=$HALF_ALLOTED_CPUS rcuscale.holdoff=20 torture.disable_onoff_at_boot"
+		torture_set "rcuscale-$prim" tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm.sh --torture rcuscale --allcpus --duration 5 --kconfig "CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU=y CONFIG_NR_CPUS=$HALF_ALLOTED_CPUS" --trust-make
+		mv $T/last-resdir-nodebug $T/first-resdir-nodebug || :
+		if test -f "$T/last-resdir-kasan"
+		then
+			mv $T/last-resdir-kasan $T/first-resdir-kasan || :
+		fi
+		if test -f "$T/last-resdir-kcsan"
+		then
+			mv $T/last-resdir-kcsan $T/first-resdir-kcsan || :
+		fi
+		firsttime=
+		do_kasan=
+		do_kcsan=
+	else
+		torture_bootargs=
+		for i in $T/first-resdir-*
+		do
+			case "$i" in
+			*-nodebug)
+				torture_suffix=
+				;;
+			*-kasan)
+				torture_suffix="-kasan"
+				;;
+			*-kcsan)
+				torture_suffix="-kcsan"
+				;;
+			esac
+			torture_set "rcuscale-$prim$torture_suffix" tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-again.sh "`cat "$i"`" --duration 5 --bootargs "rcuscale.scale_type=$prim"
+		done
+	fi
 done
+do_kasan="$do_kasan_save"
+do_kcsan="$do_kcsan_save"
 
 if test "$do_kvfree" = "yes"
 then
@@ -458,7 +550,10 @@ if test -n "$tdir" && test $compress_concurrency -gt 0
 then
 	# KASAN vmlinux files can approach 1GB in size, so compress them.
 	echo Looking for K[AC]SAN files to compress: `date` > "$tdir/log-xz" 2>&1
-	find "$tdir" -type d -name '*-k[ac]san' -print > $T/xz-todo
+	find "$tdir" -type d -name '*-k[ac]san' -print > $T/xz-todo-all
+	find "$tdir" -type f -name 're-run' -print | sed -e 's,/re-run,,' |
+		grep -e '-k[ac]san$' > $T/xz-todo-copy
+	sort $T/xz-todo-all $T/xz-todo-copy | uniq -u > $T/xz-todo
 	ncompresses=0
 	batchno=1
 	if test -s $T/xz-todo
@@ -490,6 +585,24 @@ then
 			echo Waiting for final batch $batchno of $ncompresses compressions `date` | tee -a "$tdir/log-xz" | tee -a $T/log
 		fi
 		wait
+		if test -s $T/xz-todo-copy
+		then
+			# The trick here is that we need corresponding
+			# vmlinux files from corresponding scenarios.
+			echo Linking vmlinux.xz files to re-use scenarios `date` | tee -a "$tdir/log-xz" | tee -a $T/log
+			dirstash="`pwd`"
+			for i in `cat $T/xz-todo-copy`
+			do
+				cd $i
+				find . -name vmlinux -print > $T/xz-todo-copy-vmlinux
+				for v in `cat $T/xz-todo-copy-vmlinux`
+				do
+					rm -f "$v"
+					cp -l `cat $i/re-run`/"$i/$v".xz "`dirname "$v"`"
+				done
+				cd "$dirstash"
+			done
+		fi
 		echo Size after compressing $n2compress files: `du -sh $tdir | awk '{ print $1 }'` `date` 2>&1 | tee -a "$tdir/log-xz" | tee -a $T/log
 		echo Total duration `get_starttime_duration $starttime`. | tee -a $T/log
 	else