Commit 56de7263 authored by Mel Gorman's avatar Mel Gorman Committed by Linus Torvalds

mm: compaction: direct compact when a high-order allocation fails

Ordinarily when a high-order allocation fails, direct reclaim is entered
to free pages to satisfy the allocation.  With this patch, it is
determined if an allocation failed due to external fragmentation instead
of low memory and if so, the calling process will compact until a suitable
page is freed.  Compaction by moving pages in memory is considerably
cheaper than paging out to disk and works where there are locked pages or
no swap.  If compaction fails to free a page of a suitable size, then
reclaim will still occur.

Direct compaction returns as soon as possible.  As each block is
compacted, it is checked if a suitable page has been freed and if so, it
returns.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: Fix build errors]
[aarcange@redhat.com: fix count_vm_event preempt in memory compaction direct reclaim]
Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: default avatarRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: default avatarMinchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
parent ed4a6d7f
#ifndef _LINUX_COMPACTION_H #ifndef _LINUX_COMPACTION_H
#define _LINUX_COMPACTION_H #define _LINUX_COMPACTION_H
/* Return values for compact_zone() */ /* Return values for compact_zone() and try_to_compact_pages() */
#define COMPACT_CONTINUE 0 /* compaction didn't start as it was not possible or direct reclaim was more suitable */
#define COMPACT_PARTIAL 1 #define COMPACT_SKIPPED 0
#define COMPACT_COMPLETE 2 /* compaction should continue to another pageblock */
#define COMPACT_CONTINUE 1
/* direct compaction partially compacted a zone and there are suitable pages */
#define COMPACT_PARTIAL 2
/* The full zone was compacted */
#define COMPACT_COMPLETE 3
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPACTION #ifdef CONFIG_COMPACTION
extern int sysctl_compact_memory; extern int sysctl_compact_memory;
extern int sysctl_compaction_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write, extern int sysctl_compaction_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
void __user *buffer, size_t *length, loff_t *ppos); void __user *buffer, size_t *length, loff_t *ppos);
extern int fragmentation_index(struct zone *zone, unsigned int order);
extern unsigned long try_to_compact_pages(struct zonelist *zonelist,
int order, gfp_t gfp_mask, nodemask_t *mask);
#else
static inline unsigned long try_to_compact_pages(struct zonelist *zonelist,
int order, gfp_t gfp_mask, nodemask_t *nodemask)
{
return COMPACT_CONTINUE;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_COMPACTION */ #endif /* CONFIG_COMPACTION */
#if defined(CONFIG_COMPACTION) && defined(CONFIG_SYSFS) && defined(CONFIG_NUMA) #if defined(CONFIG_COMPACTION) && defined(CONFIG_SYSFS) && defined(CONFIG_NUMA)
......
...@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ enum vm_event_item { PGPGIN, PGPGOUT, PSWPIN, PSWPOUT, ...@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ enum vm_event_item { PGPGIN, PGPGOUT, PSWPIN, PSWPOUT,
PAGEOUTRUN, ALLOCSTALL, PGROTATED, PAGEOUTRUN, ALLOCSTALL, PGROTATED,
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPACTION #ifdef CONFIG_COMPACTION
COMPACTBLOCKS, COMPACTPAGES, COMPACTPAGEFAILED, COMPACTBLOCKS, COMPACTPAGES, COMPACTPAGEFAILED,
COMPACTSTALL, COMPACTFAIL, COMPACTSUCCESS,
#endif #endif
#ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE #ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE
HTLB_BUDDY_PGALLOC, HTLB_BUDDY_PGALLOC_FAIL, HTLB_BUDDY_PGALLOC, HTLB_BUDDY_PGALLOC_FAIL,
......
...@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ struct compact_control { ...@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ struct compact_control {
unsigned long nr_anon; unsigned long nr_anon;
unsigned long nr_file; unsigned long nr_file;
unsigned int order; /* order a direct compactor needs */
int migratetype; /* MOVABLE, RECLAIMABLE etc */
struct zone *zone; struct zone *zone;
}; };
...@@ -341,6 +343,9 @@ static void update_nr_listpages(struct compact_control *cc) ...@@ -341,6 +343,9 @@ static void update_nr_listpages(struct compact_control *cc)
static int compact_finished(struct zone *zone, static int compact_finished(struct zone *zone,
struct compact_control *cc) struct compact_control *cc)
{ {
unsigned int order;
unsigned long watermark = low_wmark_pages(zone) + (1 << cc->order);
if (fatal_signal_pending(current)) if (fatal_signal_pending(current))
return COMPACT_PARTIAL; return COMPACT_PARTIAL;
...@@ -348,6 +353,24 @@ static int compact_finished(struct zone *zone, ...@@ -348,6 +353,24 @@ static int compact_finished(struct zone *zone,
if (cc->free_pfn <= cc->migrate_pfn) if (cc->free_pfn <= cc->migrate_pfn)
return COMPACT_COMPLETE; return COMPACT_COMPLETE;
/* Compaction run is not finished if the watermark is not met */
if (!zone_watermark_ok(zone, cc->order, watermark, 0, 0))
return COMPACT_CONTINUE;
if (cc->order == -1)
return COMPACT_CONTINUE;
/* Direct compactor: Is a suitable page free? */
for (order = cc->order; order < MAX_ORDER; order++) {
/* Job done if page is free of the right migratetype */
if (!list_empty(&zone->free_area[order].free_list[cc->migratetype]))
return COMPACT_PARTIAL;
/* Job done if allocation would set block type */
if (order >= pageblock_order && zone->free_area[order].nr_free)
return COMPACT_PARTIAL;
}
return COMPACT_CONTINUE; return COMPACT_CONTINUE;
} }
...@@ -394,6 +417,99 @@ static int compact_zone(struct zone *zone, struct compact_control *cc) ...@@ -394,6 +417,99 @@ static int compact_zone(struct zone *zone, struct compact_control *cc)
return ret; return ret;
} }
static unsigned long compact_zone_order(struct zone *zone,
int order, gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
struct compact_control cc = {
.nr_freepages = 0,
.nr_migratepages = 0,
.order = order,
.migratetype = allocflags_to_migratetype(gfp_mask),
.zone = zone,
};
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cc.freepages);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cc.migratepages);
return compact_zone(zone, &cc);
}
/**
* try_to_compact_pages - Direct compact to satisfy a high-order allocation
* @zonelist: The zonelist used for the current allocation
* @order: The order of the current allocation
* @gfp_mask: The GFP mask of the current allocation
* @nodemask: The allowed nodes to allocate from
*
* This is the main entry point for direct page compaction.
*/
unsigned long try_to_compact_pages(struct zonelist *zonelist,
int order, gfp_t gfp_mask, nodemask_t *nodemask)
{
enum zone_type high_zoneidx = gfp_zone(gfp_mask);
int may_enter_fs = gfp_mask & __GFP_FS;
int may_perform_io = gfp_mask & __GFP_IO;
unsigned long watermark;
struct zoneref *z;
struct zone *zone;
int rc = COMPACT_SKIPPED;
/*
* Check whether it is worth even starting compaction. The order check is
* made because an assumption is made that the page allocator can satisfy
* the "cheaper" orders without taking special steps
*/
if (order <= PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER || !may_enter_fs || !may_perform_io)
return rc;
count_vm_event(COMPACTSTALL);
/* Compact each zone in the list */
for_each_zone_zonelist_nodemask(zone, z, zonelist, high_zoneidx,
nodemask) {
int fragindex;
int status;
/*
* Watermarks for order-0 must be met for compaction. Note
* the 2UL. This is because during migration, copies of
* pages need to be allocated and for a short time, the
* footprint is higher
*/
watermark = low_wmark_pages(zone) + (2UL << order);
if (!zone_watermark_ok(zone, 0, watermark, 0, 0))
continue;
/*
* fragmentation index determines if allocation failures are
* due to low memory or external fragmentation
*
* index of -1 implies allocations might succeed depending
* on watermarks
* index towards 0 implies failure is due to lack of memory
* index towards 1000 implies failure is due to fragmentation
*
* Only compact if a failure would be due to fragmentation.
*/
fragindex = fragmentation_index(zone, order);
if (fragindex >= 0 && fragindex <= 500)
continue;
if (fragindex == -1 && zone_watermark_ok(zone, order, watermark, 0, 0)) {
rc = COMPACT_PARTIAL;
break;
}
status = compact_zone_order(zone, order, gfp_mask);
rc = max(status, rc);
if (zone_watermark_ok(zone, order, watermark, 0, 0))
break;
}
return rc;
}
/* Compact all zones within a node */ /* Compact all zones within a node */
static int compact_node(int nid) static int compact_node(int nid)
{ {
...@@ -412,6 +528,7 @@ static int compact_node(int nid) ...@@ -412,6 +528,7 @@ static int compact_node(int nid)
struct compact_control cc = { struct compact_control cc = {
.nr_freepages = 0, .nr_freepages = 0,
.nr_migratepages = 0, .nr_migratepages = 0,
.order = -1,
}; };
zone = &pgdat->node_zones[zoneid]; zone = &pgdat->node_zones[zoneid];
......
...@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ ...@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@
#include <linux/debugobjects.h> #include <linux/debugobjects.h>
#include <linux/kmemleak.h> #include <linux/kmemleak.h>
#include <linux/memory.h> #include <linux/memory.h>
#include <linux/compaction.h>
#include <trace/events/kmem.h> #include <trace/events/kmem.h>
#include <linux/ftrace_event.h> #include <linux/ftrace_event.h>
...@@ -1758,6 +1759,59 @@ __alloc_pages_may_oom(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order, ...@@ -1758,6 +1759,59 @@ __alloc_pages_may_oom(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
return page; return page;
} }
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPACTION
/* Try memory compaction for high-order allocations before reclaim */
static struct page *
__alloc_pages_direct_compact(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
struct zonelist *zonelist, enum zone_type high_zoneidx,
nodemask_t *nodemask, int alloc_flags, struct zone *preferred_zone,
int migratetype, unsigned long *did_some_progress)
{
struct page *page;
if (!order)
return NULL;
*did_some_progress = try_to_compact_pages(zonelist, order, gfp_mask,
nodemask);
if (*did_some_progress != COMPACT_SKIPPED) {
/* Page migration frees to the PCP lists but we want merging */
drain_pages(get_cpu());
put_cpu();
page = get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask, nodemask,
order, zonelist, high_zoneidx,
alloc_flags, preferred_zone,
migratetype);
if (page) {
count_vm_event(COMPACTSUCCESS);
return page;
}
/*
* It's bad if compaction run occurs and fails.
* The most likely reason is that pages exist,
* but not enough to satisfy watermarks.
*/
count_vm_event(COMPACTFAIL);
cond_resched();
}
return NULL;
}
#else
static inline struct page *
__alloc_pages_direct_compact(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
struct zonelist *zonelist, enum zone_type high_zoneidx,
nodemask_t *nodemask, int alloc_flags, struct zone *preferred_zone,
int migratetype, unsigned long *did_some_progress)
{
return NULL;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_COMPACTION */
/* The really slow allocator path where we enter direct reclaim */ /* The really slow allocator path where we enter direct reclaim */
static inline struct page * static inline struct page *
__alloc_pages_direct_reclaim(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order, __alloc_pages_direct_reclaim(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
...@@ -1944,6 +1998,15 @@ __alloc_pages_slowpath(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order, ...@@ -1944,6 +1998,15 @@ __alloc_pages_slowpath(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
if (test_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE) && !(gfp_mask & __GFP_NOFAIL)) if (test_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE) && !(gfp_mask & __GFP_NOFAIL))
goto nopage; goto nopage;
/* Try direct compaction */
page = __alloc_pages_direct_compact(gfp_mask, order,
zonelist, high_zoneidx,
nodemask,
alloc_flags, preferred_zone,
migratetype, &did_some_progress);
if (page)
goto got_pg;
/* Try direct reclaim and then allocating */ /* Try direct reclaim and then allocating */
page = __alloc_pages_direct_reclaim(gfp_mask, order, page = __alloc_pages_direct_reclaim(gfp_mask, order,
zonelist, high_zoneidx, zonelist, high_zoneidx,
......
...@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ static void fill_contig_page_info(struct zone *zone, ...@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ static void fill_contig_page_info(struct zone *zone,
* The value can be used to determine if page reclaim or compaction * The value can be used to determine if page reclaim or compaction
* should be used * should be used
*/ */
int fragmentation_index(unsigned int order, struct contig_page_info *info) static int __fragmentation_index(unsigned int order, struct contig_page_info *info)
{ {
unsigned long requested = 1UL << order; unsigned long requested = 1UL << order;
...@@ -448,6 +448,15 @@ int fragmentation_index(unsigned int order, struct contig_page_info *info) ...@@ -448,6 +448,15 @@ int fragmentation_index(unsigned int order, struct contig_page_info *info)
*/ */
return 1000 - div_u64( (1000+(div_u64(info->free_pages * 1000ULL, requested))), info->free_blocks_total); return 1000 - div_u64( (1000+(div_u64(info->free_pages * 1000ULL, requested))), info->free_blocks_total);
} }
/* Same as __fragmentation index but allocs contig_page_info on stack */
int fragmentation_index(struct zone *zone, unsigned int order)
{
struct contig_page_info info;
fill_contig_page_info(zone, order, &info);
return __fragmentation_index(order, &info);
}
#endif #endif
#if defined(CONFIG_PROC_FS) || defined(CONFIG_COMPACTION) #if defined(CONFIG_PROC_FS) || defined(CONFIG_COMPACTION)
...@@ -771,6 +780,9 @@ static const char * const vmstat_text[] = { ...@@ -771,6 +780,9 @@ static const char * const vmstat_text[] = {
"compact_blocks_moved", "compact_blocks_moved",
"compact_pages_moved", "compact_pages_moved",
"compact_pagemigrate_failed", "compact_pagemigrate_failed",
"compact_stall",
"compact_fail",
"compact_success",
#endif #endif
#ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE #ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE
...@@ -1136,7 +1148,7 @@ static void extfrag_show_print(struct seq_file *m, ...@@ -1136,7 +1148,7 @@ static void extfrag_show_print(struct seq_file *m,
zone->name); zone->name);
for (order = 0; order < MAX_ORDER; ++order) { for (order = 0; order < MAX_ORDER; ++order) {
fill_contig_page_info(zone, order, &info); fill_contig_page_info(zone, order, &info);
index = fragmentation_index(order, &info); index = __fragmentation_index(order, &info);
seq_printf(m, "%d.%03d ", index / 1000, index % 1000); seq_printf(m, "%d.%03d ", index / 1000, index % 1000);
} }
......
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