nilfs2: remove unused btree argument from btree functions

Even though many btree functions take a btree object as their first
argument, most of them are not used in their functions.

This sticky use of the btree argument is hurting code readability and
giving the possibility of inefficient code generation.

So, this removes the unnecessary btree arguments.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>